• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.47-53
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• 2019

This study is an analysis of endings of films and open endings. Particularly, the key of this study is the investigation of the definition and interpretation of open endings. For this purpose, the 'ending' was defined first, and subsequently, endings were divided into 'closed' and 'open' endings with a goal pursuit model of David Howard and Robert McKee. Thus, it was found in this study that the thoughts of an audience as well as the intention of a creator are crucial in defining an ending. Although a story is designed by a creator, its interpretation is at the disposal of an audience in the end, and the audience may take an ending differently depending on their value system or interest in the story, which eventually leads to their own definition of the ending. For sure, a traditional fact is that most of films including those mentioned to have open endings have closed endings, and such a structure of stories will not change significantly in the future. However, the ending of a film designed to have a closed ending may be changed to be open ended depending on the intention of a creator or the thoughts of an audience, and furthermore, the intention of an open ending may not be readily accepted by an audience.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.466-474
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enhancing creative competency and changes in academic challenge for the pre-service teachers. For this purpose, 94 pre-service teachers participated in project learning through the preparation of the convergence instruction and the class demonstration during one semester. The pre and post questionnaire survey was conducted the measurement of creative leader competence and K-NSSE for academic challenge. Analysis of data was performed using the IBM SPSS 18.0 program for the corresponding sample t test. The creative competency included 'higher mental thinking', 'problem solving', 'curiosity', 'sensitivity' 'task commitment', 'the pursuit of social value', and 'co-operations and considerations'. This results was significant(p< .05). Academic challenge, high-order learning domain and learning strategies domain were significant(p< .05). Based on this, in order to generalize the convergence education and convergence lesson, it is necessary to design various convergence lessons and practice study to make a plan and practice it. In addition, the implications for the necessity of correcting and supplementing the effects after repeated convergence lessons were discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.11-24
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• 2018

This study was based on previous ones that demonstrate how social exclusion leads to a desire for physical warmth. Research was conducted using odor-induced emotions to predict social exclusion, leading to a pursuit of emotional warmth and avoidance of emotional distance. For this purpose, a preliminary study sought to select odors perceived to be emotionally warm and emotionally distant, after which two experiments verified differences in odor preference between the social exclusion group and the control group. Results indicated that individuals who have experienced social exclusion had a stronger preference for warm odors and a weaker preference for cold odors compared to those who have not been socially ostracized. This study has theoretical value in terms of expanding the social exclusion-induced desire for physical warmth into the emotional dimension as well as examining the avoidance of emotional coldness, which had been overlooked in previous research studies. This also leads to practical implications for comfort foods, character emotions, emotional-space design, and emotions for artificial-intelligence chatbots.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.341-347
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to introduce a tool for evaluating eye movement and analyze the reliability of measurement based on 10 cases of evaluating the oculomotor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy Methods: The participants were selected by 6 medical and welfare institutions in Busan as GMFCS grade 1-3 among spastic diplegia and hemiplegia. Seven examiners evaluated 3 children for the evaluation of inter-rater agreement of Ocular Motor Score (OMS) and evaluated the condition of the ocular motor of 10 children using OMS, a re-examination was performed at six weeks after the initial examination. SPSS ver.25.0 was used to calculate the interclass correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, Mann Whitney-U test. Results: The inter-rater agreement of OMS was 0.89. Second mean values were decreased compared first examination in motility/ductions/version, saccades and smooth pursuit, but there was no significant difference. Children under 6 years old had a high mean value of saccades in first examination and the motility/ductions/version, fixation, saccades in second examination, but there was no significant difference. Spastic diplegia children's mean values were higher in head posture, fixation in 8 gaze directions than hemiplegia children in both first and second examination, but there were no significant differences. Conclusion: Ocular motor function in 10 children of spastic children who participated in the study and could see that the scores was differed depending on age, type, grade of cerebral palsy. OMS may be available for this purpose.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.131-152
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the first echo boomer to second in the needs for family strengths and family functions, after controlling the sociodemographic characteristics. Method: For this study, a survey was conducted with 406 never-married young adults, which has 182 first echo boomers and 224 seconds echo boomers as using the same self-report questionnaire. Results: First, the two echo boomer groups exhibited similar patterns in their perception of the three family strengths, positive family values, pursuit of coexistence, and spiritual value, in that order. On the other hand, in regard to family functions, groups' perceived emotion entertainment leisure function as core functions of the family, but the second echo boomers, unlike the first echo boomers, expressed a higher need for economic functions rather than functions for children generation. Second, the analysis of this study indicated that, even in cases where first and second echo boomers had the same social-demographic characteristics, the latter in contrast with the former tended not to regard spiritual values such love for shared ethical values, compassion, and religious beliefs as a family strength, and did not require functions for children generation of the family. Conclusions: From these findings, the differences in the needs for family strengths and functions expressed by the two generations belonging to two different birth cohorts were influenced by various changes in Korean society occurring between the two generations, such as the social divergence in the functions of care and nurture, the increase in one-person and childless households, and the weakening of kinship-centered or communitarian forms of familism.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

Nature-mimetic architecture has been discussed for a long time in the West. There were differences in understanding nature, the pursuit of nature-mimetic and the characteristics of nature-mimetic architecture. It can be inferred that it was influenced by various happenings in each period. The purpose of this study is to acknowledge the characteristics of nature-mimetic architecture up from the past to the present, and to understand the difference through the timeline of historical events. First, the study inquires the characteristics of nature-mimetic architecture by timeline. Seek the perception and attitude, characteristics of nature-mimetic architecture and the value of it through cases of Ancient Greek, Medieval, Renaissance, Early Modern and Modern. Secondly, understand the important historical issues that influenced nature-mimetic architecture such as view of nature, social aspect, religion and scientific technology. Finally, discuss the relationship between nature-mimetic architecture and its historical background.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2024

The algorithm is applied on the premise that the image generated by AI can be recognized and used smoothly by the user. Other assets are not exposed to the user or discarded because they are unnecessary or unfamiliar. This study aims to expand the scope of the utility of the image generated by AI, which is used as a high-level tool in the design field. To this end, we first examined human information processing and reflection in AI by the cognitive paradigm by examining previous studies and cases, and discussed the value of expansion by focusing on creativity and bottom-up processing of AI's self-organization. Considering the human recogmition process that instinctively grasps an object, the following AI usability was proposed. It is to utilize AI as a high-level tool applied appropriately to human perception, or to utilize the derivative itself by bottom-up self-organization. In addition, it is to set the algorithm to the minimum intervention so that basic elements such as shape, color, size, texture, and movement are composed of figure-ground according to the human perception process that instinctively grasps an object, and to utilize the results. Limiting the use of AI to a tool suitable for human perception and information processing or production by designers or general users is to operate only a part of the convenience and usability of AI. The image creation through AI's self-organization, as seen from the cognitive paradigm, is a step toward opening a new era of design where technical aesthetics meets devices, just as design has been constantly developing in pursuit of novelty and differentiation due to its nature.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Due to the pursuit of individuality by modern consumers, the day has come when it is hard for design to be sustained solely by external beauty. Accordingly, products with the psychological value and brand stories are appearing, so that products that reinterpret traditional crafts are now being appreciated for their merits. Handmade goods defined as new luxury goods or products of high-quality craftsmanship are being used to enhance the consumer's individual image, and has created an unprecedented consumer stratum structure. Japan is one of the countries that actively applies traditional crafts to contemporary design and this study aims to investigate cases that are being reinterpreted in modern fashion in the theme of Boro, which is not as well known among Japanese traditional crafts. The purpose of this study is to offer basic data for designers by investigating the cases of the reinterpretation of traditional crafts. In addition, in reinterpreting traditional crafts into other fields, it is regarded as a meaningful way to contribute to a variety of other ideas. As the research method, first, the definition and kind of Boro were investigated utilizing the related literature information about the traditional fabric of Boro, which is the starting point and basis of the research. Second, Japanese aesthetic sense defined in the previous research was classified and the relationship of the anti-decorative aesthetic sense and Boro investigated. Third, after classifying the reinterpretation cases of Boro that have appeared in four major fashion collections and designer brands from 2011 to 2016 by the selected aesthetic sense, its characteristics were investigated. The search for examples of the reinterpretation of Boro uses the results of the keyword search of Boro and Boro Fashion via the internet search engine Google from April 2016 to December 2016. In addition, the search results were selected on the basis of whether the designer specified borrowing from Boro or whether Boro on the collection order was included or not. In addition to introducing an unknown fabric craft, this study also raises the methodological problems of the reinterpretation of traditional crafts. Products containing psychological value are expected to come into the spotlight in the upcoming consumer market. Therefore, as a follow-up study, it is suggested to research examples in which various crafts are being applied as products before one knows, how this creates new originality, and the limitations involved in this.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 2000

In the 21st century the size of sales of food service business in Korea will be 30 trillion won which means Food service business in Koreas is a mega market, but it is only quantitative growth and might face the limit of growth. At the same time it is predicted that from the academic world Food service business will develop endlessly after IMF condition. Of course I hope so as a member of national. Al though I propose that quantitative side is important, qualitative side must not be disregarded the present and future customer is needs should be met because the 1st goal of company is to achieve a management goal and pursuit profit. The present situation requires a peculiar and specific strategy of its own which can not be followed by competing hotels so that value can be created and buying intention can be occurred after buying. Until now the goal of marketing campaign has been transacted marketing just for closing a transaction, but it must be related marketing which is seeking mutual interests of customer and company. The strategies to attain these goals are : 1) to change from products and service management-focused to customer management and relationship building-focused. 2) to establish a core strategy which needs to be changed from market occupancy of volume expansion to customer occupancy. 3) to change from one-way communication to two-way communication. 4) to change from large scale marketing by company dimension to small scale marketing by sections. If companies focus on core benefit and augmented service to be sought by customers and make every efforts to create a value customer occupancy will increase automatically, the reduction of marketing cost will be followed, and marketing efforts will be much more efficient. In introducing a new product it is still easier to diffuse through the existing customers, and also important market information can be obtained from customers using this close relationship. If this close relationship maintains well customers will say even a trivial inconvenience and complaint and propose an idea of new product. Kotler divides relationship marketing into 5 stages such as Basic, Reactive, Accountable, Proactive, and Partnership. From the 1st stage to the last stage customer management is absolutely important and also in management strategy. The last stage, Partnership can come into the stage which is actively participated in service development and problem solving by customers. so more loyal customers have more successful performance the company attain.

• Korean small business review
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.75-90
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• 2021

Organization and management scholars have researched social enterprises as hybrid organizations. However, research on the organizational uniqueness of social enterprises as hybrids is limited, especially comparing their organizational characteristics with other traditional types of organizations. Thus, this study attempted to compare social enterprises with traditional for-profit and not-for-profit organizations in the aspect of their organizational hybridity by using the data of the Social Value Survey. The results showed that the orientation of social enterprises in pursuing dual values is weaker than the other two types of organizations. Meanwhile, the results revealed that the extent to which an organization operates for realizing dual values is strongest in social enterprises among the three types of organizations. These findings add to the understanding of social enterprises' organizational hybridity in organization and management studies.