• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2019

Molecular characterization of different genotypes reveals accurate information about the degree of genetic diversity that helps to develop a proper breeding program. In this study, a total of 30 EST-based simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from trumpet lily (Lilium longiflorum) were used across 11 native lily species for their genetic relationship. Among these 30 markers, 24 SSR markers that showed polymorphism were used for evaluation of diversity spectrum. The allelic number at per locus ranged from 1 at SSR2 locus to 34 alleles at SSR15 locus, with an average of 11.25 alleles across 24 loci observed. The polymorphic information content, PIC, values ranged from 0.0523 for SSR9 to 0.9919 for SSR2 in all 24 loci with an average of 0.3827. The allelic frequency at every locus ranged from 0.81% at SSR2 locus to 99.6% at SSR14 locus. The pairwise genetic dissimilarity coefficient revealed the highest genetic distance with a value of 81.7% was in between L. dauricum and L. amabile. A relatively closer genetic distance was found between L. lancifolium and L. dauricum, L. maximowiczii and L. concolor, L. maximowiczii and L. distichum (Jeju), L. tsingtauense and L. callosum, L. cernuum and L. distichum (Jeju ecotype), of which dissimilarity coefficient was 50.0%. The molecular fingerprinting based on microsatellite marker could serve boldly to recognize genetically distant accessions and to sort morphologically close as well as duplicate accessions.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제24권4호통권79호
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• pp.280-292
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• 1996

The fungal isolates of Mucorales, directly collected from Korean traditional raw materials of Nuruk (raw material for Korean rice wine) and Meju (raw material for Korean soysauces), were compared with those of Rhizopus oryzae purchased. The fungal isolates of Rhizopus, Mucor, and Absidia mostly identified as based on the morphological observations, were evaluated with the PCR-polymorphic bands. The PCR-polymorphic bands of the genomic DNA reacted with the primers of OPD series tenmer were various, but showed averaged 4 to 6 in the agarose-electrophoresis. The dissimilarity coefficient (DC) between two isolates were compared by the cluster analyses, dendrogams and polar ordinations. The isolates of R. oryzae known. showed several groupings within the lower value of DC and were divided to two groups of amylo-process and other fungi with other purposes. The isolates unidentified were identified by the DC made of this results. Taxonomy of these isolates made by the morphological observations were consistent with those resulted above in most case but not in all aspects. More works were needed with the isolates known for detail informations of Mucorales.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2005

조릿대(Sasa borealis)집단에서 미세지리적 변이에 대한 공간적 상관관계를 조사하였다. 각 거리등급당 대립유전자좌위에서 연결계수(하나의 대립유전자좌위에서 유전자형의 조합)를 산출하였으며 그 계수가 임의 예상 값에 유의성을 가지는지 검증하였다. 150 경우 중 25 경우$(16.7\%)$가 예상 값과 유의하게 차이를 나타내었다. 이들 값 중에서 8경우$(4.7\%)$는 음의 값으로 거리등급에서 개체쌍이 유전적 비친화성이 있음을 나타낸다. 조릿대는 죽세공에 쓰이므로 인위적 별채에 의해 한국내 자연집단은 유효 집단이 유지되지 못하는 등 집단 파괴가 이루어지고 있다. 특히 조릿대가 잘 발달되어온 지리산 집단의 경우 공간적 유전 구조가 결여되어 있었다.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

Purposes - In this research, we look over and investigate associations between shopping items and the demographics of foreign tourists in South Korea. The related seven variables are gender, age, occupations, country of residence, visit month, visit purpose and trip type. In addition, we can graph twenty-one shopping items in association with the demographics of foreign tourists by computing their dissimilarity or similarity on two dimension planes granting that the association exists between the underlying variables. Research design and methodology - This research is performed by Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2017 and investigated 13,200 foreign tourists from 20 countries. For analyzing the detailed relationships between shopping items and the demographics of foreign tourists, we take advantage of both independent test and correspondence analysis as key statistical techniques. Results - The findings show that shopping items which foreign tourists purchase are closely associated with the three different demographics variables such as country of residence, tour type and visit purpose by monitoring significant p-value of chi-squared statistic Conclusions - This study suggests Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism must explore ways toward tourism infrastructure such as global marketing, municipality strategy for attracting foreign tourists, development of diverse shopping items and services and so on.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.375-388
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• 2008

The early studies on the cultural industries had mainly emphasized the viewpoint of "efficiency" based on the "flexible specialization" theory, but they have gradually shed light on the viewpoint of "creativity": creative human resources and various networks generating creative energies. Despite the importance of these studies, it is impossible to explain every cultural industrial agglomeration phenomena from specific and few viewpoints due to the diversity of each cultural industry. This study describes the dissimilarity of agglomeration factors between the Japanese animation and home video game industries which form salient agglomeration in the same region. Both industries share similar characteristics with industrial agglomeration of SMEs in Tokyo and close inter-firm relationships. However, they differ in their historical development paths and each firm's behavior and strategy because of their own distribution systems and production processes. In particular, the difference in distribution systems clearly affects whether a company values "efficiency" factors of agglomeration advantage or "creativity" factors of that in case of locational choice. The distribution sector of the cultural industry, compared with the production sector, has a tendency to value profitability rather than creation itself. Therefore, a cultural industry with the strong distribution sector tends to form the industrial system emphasizing profitability. The Japanese animation firm is apt to choose its location from the perspective of efficiency, which easily contributes to profitability, because television broadcasting stations are strong distribution sector. Conversely, the Japanese game firm chooses its location from the perspective of creativity due to the absence of strong distribution sector.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.663-676
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• 2020

Plant leaf classification is a significant application of image processing techniques in modern agriculture. In this paper, a multi-granular angle description method is proposed for plant leaf classification and retrieval. The proposed method can describe leaf information from coarse to fine using multi-granular angle features. In the proposed method, each leaf contour is partitioned first with equal arc length under different granularities. And then three kinds of angle features are derived under each granular partition of leaf contour: angle value, angle histogram, and angular ternary pattern. These multi-granular angle features can capture both local and globe information of the leaf contour, and make a comprehensive description. In leaf matching stage, the simple city block metric is used to compute the dissimilarity of each pair of leaf under different granularities. And the matching scores at different granularities are fused based on quotient space theory to obtain the final leaf similarity measurement. Plant leaf classification and retrieval experiments are conducted on two challenging leaf image databases: Swedish leaf database and Flavia leaf database. The experimental results and the comparison with state-of-the-art methods indicate that proposed method has promising classification and retrieval performance.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2019

In crop breeding program, information about genetic dissimilarity on breeding resources is very important to corroborate genealogical relationships and to predict the most heterozygotic hybrid combinations and inbred breeding. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation in Kenyan sunflower breeding lines based on simple sequence repeat (SSR). A total of 83 alleles were detected at 32 SSR loci. The allele number per locus ranged from 2 to 7 with an average of 2.7 alleles per locus detected from the 24 sunflower accessions and the average value of polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 0.384. A cluster analysis based on the genetic similarity coefficients was conducted and the 24 sunflower breeding resources were classified into three groups. The principal coordinates (PCoA) revealed 34% and 13.38% respectively, and 47.38% of total variation. It was found that the genetic diversity within the Kenyan sunflower breeding resources was narrower than that in other sunflower germplasm resources, suggesting the importance and feasibility of introducing elite genotypes from different origins for selection of breeding lines with broader genetic base in Kenyan sunflower breeding program.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.423-433
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• 2019

Midgut microbiota is known to play a fundamental role in the biology and physiology of the agricultural pest, Spodoptera litura. This study reports the difference in the larval midgut microbiota of field-caught and laboratory-reared populations of S. litura by performing 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing. Field populations for the study were collected from castor crops, whereas laboratory-reared larvae were fed on a regular chickpea based diet. In total, 23 bacterial phylotypes were observed from both laboratory-reared and field-caught caterpillars. Fisher's exact test with Storey's FDR multiple test correction demonstrated that bacterial genus, Clostridium was significantly abundant (p < 0.05) in field-caught larvae of S. litura as compared to that in the laboratory-reared larvae. Similarly, bacterial genera, such as Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, and Fibrisoma were identified (p < 0.05) predominantly in the laboratory-reared population. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix depicted a value of 0.986, which exhibited the maximum deviation between the midgut microbiota of the laboratory-reared and field-caught populations. No significant yeast diversity was seen in the laboratory-reared caterpillars. However, two yeast strains, namely Candida rugosa and Cyberlindnera fabianii were identified by PCR amplification and molecular cloning of the internal transcribed space region in the field-caught caterpillars. These results emphasize the differential colonization of gut residents based on environmental factors and diet.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.366-385
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• 1995

항산균 감염증의 예방 및 치료를 위하여는 역학적인 연구가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 감염증의 분자역학적 연구를 위한 기법중 아직 항산균을 대상으로 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) 분석법을 확립하고자 하였다. PFGE분석에 적절한 제한효소는 DraI, AsnI 및 XbaI 등이었고 각 제한효소마다 최적의 PFGE조건은 서로 달랐다. DraI의 경우는 두단계로 나누어 전기영동을 시행하였다. 제1단계의 initial pulse는 10초 final pulse는 15초였으며 제2단계는 initial pulse는 60초 final pulse는 70초이었다. 전기영동시간은 각 단계마다 각각 14시간씩이었다. XbaI의 경우는 제2단계 없이 initial pulse가 3초 final pulse가 12초였고 전기영동시간은 22시간이었다. AsnI의 경우는 제2단계 없이 initial pulse가 5초 final pulse가 25초였고 전기영동시간은 22시간이었다. 모든 경우에 있어서 전압은 200V로 하였다. 표준균주로는 M. bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis 및 M. fortuitum등을 사용하였는데 PFGE분석상 동일균종내에서 표준균주들 간의 차이는 발견할 수 없었다. 임상에서 분리된 9주의 M. fortuitum 균주를 대상으로 AsnI 제한효소로 PFGE분석을 시행한 결과 2주만을 제외하고는 서로 간의 유전형 분류가 가능하였다. 균주간의 유전적 거리를 결정하기 위하여 cluster analysis를 시행한 결과 M. fortuitum 균주들은 크게 두 집단으로 나뉘었다. 제한효소 AsnI으로 동일 균종의 분류가 안되는 M. fortuitum 균주들은 XbaI 제한효소을 사용한 PFGE분석으로 유전형의 구분이 가능하였다. Cluster analysis를 시행한 결과 크게 두 집단으로 나뉘었던 M. fortuitum 균주들은 보다 복잡한 집단으로 분류되어 XbaI을 사용한 PFGE분석법이 M. fortuitum 균주분류를 위하여는 보다 적절함을 알 수 있었다. Cluster analysis에서 얻은 최대 % dissimilarity 값은 0.74(AsnI) 및 0.75(XbaI)로서 이 값은 arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction(AP-PCR)법보다는 높고 restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) 법보다는 낮아 PFGE법이 RFLP를 보완하거나 대치할 수 있는 세균 유전형 분석법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.352-354
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• 1999

꽃도라지(Eustoma grandiflorum) 조직배양시 발생한 5개의 변이체와 모본을 이용하여 PCR 반응으로 나타난 RAPDs 밴드 형태로 유전적인 변이 유무를 확인하려고 하였다. 6개의 분류군은 엽수, 옆모양, 줄기직경, 초장 그리고 옆면적과 같은 형태적인 특징이 달랐다. 실험한 20개의 임의 primers 중에서 모본과 변이체에서 모두 밴드를 나타낸 5개 PCR 반응에서 증폭밴드는 총 34개였으며 64.7%의 다형성을 나타냈다. 밴드의 유무를 코드화하여 NTSYS-PC (ver. 1.5)분석으로 나타난 변이체들의 유전적인 거리값의 차이가 변이체인 5개체와 정상 식물체간 비유사성 계수는 0.72에서 0.91로 밀접한 유사성을 나타냈으며 거리값이 0.79에서 두 그룹으로 나뉘어졌기 때문에 변이체의 형태적인 차이와 거의 일치되는 유전적인 차이를 나타냈다.