• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.219-230
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• 2010

Digital content makes big changes to our daily lives while bringing opportunities and challenges for companies. Creative firms integrate pictures, texts, videos, audios, and data by digitalization to develop new products or services and create digital experiences to promote their brands. Most articles on digital content contribute to the basic concept or development of marketing it in literature. Actually, compared with traditional value chains for common products or services, the digital content industry seems to have more potential value. Because quite a bit of digital content is free to the consumer, price is not necessarily perceived as an indicator of the quality or value of information (Rowley 2008). It becomes evident that a current theme in digital content is the issue of "value," and research on customers' perceived value of digital content is a necessity. This article argues that experiential value has an advantage in customers' evaluations of digital content. Two different but related contributions to the understanding of "value" of digital content are made here. First, based on the comparison of digital content with products and services, the article proposes two key characteristics that make experiential strategy available for digital content: intangibility and near-zero reproduction cost. On top of that, based on the discussion of the gap between company's idealized value and customer's perceived value, this article emphasizes that digital content prices and pricing of digital content is different from products and services. As a result of intangibility, prices may not reflect customer value. Moreover, the cost of digital content in the development stage may be very high while reproduction costs shrink dramatically. Moreover, because of the value gap mentioned before, the pricing polices vary for different digital contents. For example, flat price policy is generally used for movies and music (Magiera 2001; Netherby 2002), while for continuous demand, digital content such as online games and anti-virus programs involves a more complicated matter of utility and competitive price levels. Digital content companies have to explore various kinds of strategies to overcome this gap. Rethinking marketing solutions such as advertisements, images, and word-of-mouth and their effect on customers' perceived value becomes essential. China's digital content industry is becoming more and more globalized and drawing special attention from different countries and regions that have respective competitive advantages. The 2008-2009 Annual Report on the Development of China's Digital Content Industry (CCIDConsulting 2009) indicates that, with the driven power of domestic demand and governmental policy support, the country's digital content industry maintained a fast growth of some 30 percent in 2008, obviously indicating the initial stage of industry expansion. In China, anti-virus programs and other software programs which need to be updated use a quarter-based pricing policy. Customers can download a trial version for free and use it for six months or a year. If they want to use it longer, continuous payment is needed. They examine the excellence of the digital content during this trial period and decide whether to pay for continued usage. For China’s music and movie industries, as a result of initial development, experiential strategy has not been much applied, even though firms in other countries find the trial experience and explore important strategies(such as customers listening to music for several seconds for free before downloading it). For the above reasons, anti-virus program may be a representative for digital content industry in China and an exploratory study of the advantage of experiential value in customer's perceived value of digital content is done in the anti-virus market of China. In order to enhance the reliability of the survey data, this study focused on people who were experienced users of anti-virus programs. The empirical results revealed that experiential value has a positive effect on customers' perceived value of digital content. In other words, because digital content is intangible and the reproduction costs are nearly zero, customers' evaluations are based heavily on their experience. Moreover, image and word-of-mouth do not have a positive effect on perceived value, only on experiential value. That is to say, a digital content value chain is different from that of a general product or service. Experiential value has a notable advantage and mediates the effect of image and word-of-mouth on perceived value. The results of this study help provide an understanding of why free digital content downloads exist in developing countries. Customers can perceive the value of digital content only by using and experiencing it. This is also why such governments support the development of digital content. Other developing countries whose digital content business is also in the beginning stage can make use of the suggestions here. Moreover, based on the advantage of experiential strategy, companies should make more of an effort to invest in customers' experience. As a result of the characteristics and value gap of digital content, customers perceive more value in the intangible digital content only by experiencing what they really want. Moreover, because of the near-zero reproduction costs, companies can perhaps use experiential strategy to enhance customer understanding of digital content.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.229-238
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• 2007

This study was intended to point out the limit of existing digital content-centered studies, or approaches from the viewpoint of the supplier and in the aspect of business profit model and find ways to assess the quality of digital content, considering the characteristics of digital content. For this, the study is to apply value innovation strategy to digital content assessment, to analyze the applicability, and to propose a new and practical framework for digital content assessment method. To this end, this study selected the global No. 1 search service provider Google and local portal site Naver search service. The study on assessment factors by value innovation strategy was based on existing literature, while user-value elements in that respect were confined to information quality, interactivity, communication, interactive storytelling, and usability. This study objectified the relation with the value innovation strategic analysis, through qualitative and quantitative analyses on value elements of search service users.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

Peat soil has the characteristics of high moisture content, large void ratio and low shear strength. In this study, unconfined compressive strength and SEM tests are conducted to investigate the effects of ultrahigh moisture content, cement content, organic content and pH value on the strength of solidified peat. As an increase in the cement content and curing period, the failure mode of solidified peat soil changes from ductile failure to brittle failure. The influence of moisture content on the strength of solidified peat is greater than the cement content. As cement content increases from 10% to 30%, strength of solidified peat at a curing age of 28 days increases by 161%~485%. By increasing water content by 100%, decreases of solidified peat at a curing age of 28 days is 42%~79%. Compared with the strength of solidified peat with a pH value of 5.5, the strength of peat with a pH value of 3.5 reduces by 10% ~ 46%, while the strength of peat with a pH value of 7.0 increases by 8% ~ 38%. It is recommended to use filler materials for stabilizing peat soil with moisture content greater than 200%. Because of small size of clay particles, clay added in the cement solidified peat can improve much higher strength that that of sand.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1975

This studies were designed to know the contents of trace element and magnesium in cereals. Twenty two kinds of cereal, 104'samples, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the determination of Manganese, Iron, Magnesium, Chrome, Cupper, Nickel, Zinc, Stannous, Lead and Cadmium. The results are as follows: 1) The contents of Mn and Fe in the sesame group show highest value and next is bean group. In the rice group its content shows lowest value than other cereals. 2) In the Cr content its value is lower than other elements in cereals respectively. Cr content of sesame and bean group show higher than rice and barley group. 3) The contents of Cu and Ni in the sesame and bean group show higher value than the value of rice and barley group. Its contents of rice and barley group is almost equal in Cu and Ni. 4) For the Zn content the value of sesame group is higher than other cereals and next is bean group. In the Sn content the value of bean group shows higher one than other cereals. The contents of Zn and Sn in rice and barley group are lower than other cereals. 5) The value of Pb is almost equal to each cereal. The content of Cd in bear group and barley group show higher than other cereals and its value of rice group is equal to the value of barley group.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.311-325
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• 2014

The content industry is the core of the creative economy. The content industry is a fast-growing and high value-added industry, but becomes a high risk market on the other hand. Content related enterprises are difficult business environment. Thus, the accurate evaluation of content on its value is essential. But, it is hard to assess the value of content because of its intangible characteristics. This study is enabled improving the financing conditions of enterprises through the vitalization of value assessment for contents. Improve financial accessibility is required composition, means of access financial diversification, financial ecosystem to vitalization of value assessment for contents. In addition, the system should be established to support the economic activities of the creative content sector companies. The content industry should develop a new strategy for sustained growth. But, we believe that the accordance and cooperation from related parties, including contents producers, contents developers and governmental departments, are definitely required to boost the game contents industry. We hope that the more efficient methods are vitalizing the contents industry.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 1979

Amylose content and alkali digestibility value of rice grain were tested from 10days after flowering up to maturity. Both amylooe content and alkali digestibility value showed slightly lower at earliest stage, but they reached maximum value by 20 days after flowering, and then they maintained the value until maturity. Both amylose content and alkali digestibility value showed negative correlations to air temperature, though they were not significant statistically except in case of amylose content and maximum temperature, which showed significant correlation in some year.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 1987

Nutritive value of lipids was associated with composition of fatty acid. Unvalance diet may increase the incidence of diseases. Abundant of EPA and DHA, polyunsaturated fatty acid, were contained in fishes. Studies on 10 kinds of fishes, lipid components were determined. The results were as follows; 1. The content of crude fat 18.1% were high in eels, on the contrary the content of EPA 0.1% and DHA 0.1% were low. The content of crude fat were low in mackeral and sadrine, but the content of poly unsaturated fatty acid were high. 2. Iodine value 189 was high in sadrine, consequently, this results showed the interrelation between Iodine value and the content of polyunsaturated number. 3. The content of crude fat 1.3% in flounder(sole) were low and the content of cholesterol 20 mg% were lowest in present studies.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

The main purpose of the current study was to obtain nuclear DNA content data among the representatives of the families and subfamilies of 31 endemic fishes that inhabit river of Korea. DNA contents of 31 endemic species were observed to rang from 1.5 to 4.8 pg DNA/nucleus. In Cyprinidae, DNA content of Abbottina springeri (1.5±0.03 pg DNA/nucleus) was the lowest value and DNA content of Carassius cuvieri (4.5±0.32 pg DNA/nucleus) was the highest value in all experimental groups. In Cobitidae, DNA content of Iksookimia longicorpa (3.9±0.17 pg DNA/nucleus) was the highest value and DNA content of Orthrias toni (1.5±0.18 pg DNA/nucleus) was the lowest value in all experimental groups. This study provides new information for a better understanding of the process of genomic evolution in 31 endemic species in river of Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2011

Heating value is the one of most important factor in energy use of the woods. This study was investigated for determining the heating value according to the moisture content level(%) of major broad-leaved tree in Korea. Heating value was decreased rapidly regardless the kinds of species (Liriodendron tulipifera, Alnus japonica, and Quercus mongolica) and parts of woods (wood part, and bark) as the moisture content (MC) was increased. In addition, bark had higher heating value than wood part. Liriodendron tulipifera showed the highest heating value among the other two species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.325-325
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• 2022

In order to developing high-quality rice varieties and processing varieties, systematic and stable evaluation of physicochemical properties is required for breeding lines. In this study, we compared the quality characteristics evaluation results of rice breeding lines for cooked rice, special rice, and whole crop silage rice adapted to central plain region (Suwon) in order to use as basic data for future rice variety development. Brown rice length/width ratio, head rice ratio, protein content, amylose content, alkali digestion value(ADV) and Toyo value were analyzed to evaluate the quality characteristics of yield trial lines cultivated in Suwon for four years (2017-2020). Brown rice length/width ratio, head rice ratio, protein content, ADV and Toyo values showed significant differences by year, but there was no significant difference in amylose content (p<0.05), which showed little environmental variation. The head rice ratio and Toyo value showed an increasing trend, while the protein content showed a decreasing trend. However, the protein content was the highest in 2020, which is thought to be owing to little sunlight hours due to heavy rainfall in 2020. The protein content of whole crop silage rice was 8.1%, which was significantly higher than that of other lines (p<0.05). Toyo value of medium-maturing and early-maturing lines were 67.6 and 73.7%, respectively, and the Toyo value of medium-maturing lines was higher than that of the early-maturing lines (p<0.05). In correlation analysis among the quality characteristics of the rice lines for cooked rice, significant positive correlations were detected between Toyo value and head rice ratio, amylose content, ADV, and a negative correlation was observed between Toyo value and protein content (p<0.05).