• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2021

Background: The elderly in long-term care facilities tend to have a diminished oral health status, with a high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease, as reduced cognitive function, joint mobility, and gait ability hinder the performance of oral hygiene. To improve the oral health of the elderly at long-term care facilities, it is necessary to have precise guidelines for oral health care and assessment; however, such guidelines are not readily available. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop an oral care assessment tool with verified reliability and validity. Methods: The participants in this study were 100 elderly patients at a care facilities and 10 clinical dental hygienists. Collected data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, content validity index, and inter-rater reliability, as well as the analyses of intra-class correlation coefficient. Results: After a review of relevant literature, a preliminary questionnaire comprised of seven questions related to the evaluation of oral health was formed. After revising and supplementing the questions through a content validity test, a total of nine questions were selected. Conclusion: The novel assessment tool developed for the present study is anticipated to allow analyses of the level of problems related to oral health care before routine and professional care. Moreover, regular oral health status check-ups will enable the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to development and validation of the 'course evaluation' scale for learner-centered in university. The research collected preliminary data from 1,567 university students's responses for item and scale quality analyses, and collected 2,539 university students's for item and scale quality analyses, and 300 university professors's responses for validation. Data were analyzed to obtain item quality, reliability, and validity analysis. The results of the study were as follows; The 'course evaluation' scale for learner-centered in university was defined by 5 factors. The 5 factors were structure and sincerity of lecture, suitability of report and test, level of consulting for student, application of educational media, communication. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed five sub-scales in the 'course evaluation' scale for learner-centered in university scale. Criterion-related validity evidence was obtained from the correlation analysis as the criterion measures. Cross validity evidence was obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis in university professors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.101-114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a self-report scale measuring dysfunctional communication behaviors that Korean husbands and wives may use during marital fights. Based on the four concepts of criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling proposed by Gottman(1994a), an initial pool of 38 items was developed. Through expert reviews of the 38 items to assess content validity, preliminary 30 items were selected. Using a sample of 89 married couples who were living in Susan, Korea, we conducted item analyses and exploratory factor analyses with the 30 items. These analyses yielded a final 19-item, four-factor scale : criticism(5 items), contempt(5 items), defensiveness(5 items), and stonewalling(4 items). The internal consistency estimates for these subscales were satisfactory. Finally, using another sample of 228 wives, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis to confirm cross validity of the 19-item, four-factor model. The result indicated that this model fitted the data reasonably well. All standardized factor loadings were significant in this model. The results of this study supported reliability and validity of this scale.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.481-492
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to construct validity of Tripartite model of "Attitudes towards Science" using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are two major approaches to factor analysis. The primary goal of factor analysis is to explain the covariances or correlations between many observed variables by means of relatively few underlying latent variables. In exploratory factor analysis, the number of latent variables is not determined before the analysis, all latent variables typically influence all observed variables, the measurement errors(${\delta}$) are not allowed to correlate, and unidentification of parameters is common. Confirmatory factor analysis requires a detailed and identified initial model. Confirmatory factor analysis techniques allow relations between latent and observed variables that are not possible with traditional, exploratory factor analysis techniques. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, tripartite model of "Attitudes towards Science" being composed of affection, behavioral intention and cognition is empirically identified. But attitude of science career being composed of affection and behavioral intention is identified. In validity test using confirmatory factor analysis, measurement structure of Tripartite model of "Attitudes towards Science" is not correspondent to data set. Because it is concluded that the object of attitudes are not specific.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.152-164
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• 2012

This study develops a valid and reliable scale to evaluate customer orientation for clothing salespeople in order to provide a foundation for systematic and empirical research in the apparel industry. The study was conducted in two phases. First, a scale was developed to evaluate the customer orientation of clothing salespeople through a qualitative method. The second phase involved the verification of the validity of the developed evaluation questions through a quantitative method. The subjects of this study were 327 clothing salespeople, and the results were analyzed using AMOS 7.0 and SPSS 15.0. The results were as follows: First, customer orientation questions were elicited from in-depth interviews with fashion sales-people, analyses of fashion magazine articles, and previous studies. From the results, 38 preliminary questions were selected based on categorization, modification, and expert analyses of the content validity. Second, in order to verify the validity of the customer orientation scale that consisted of 24 questions in 7 factors, we performed a verification of the convergent validity through an assessment of the magnitude of standardization factor loading, average variance extracted (AVE), and construct reliability. Discriminant validity was verified using the AVE of each of the two constructs and a comparison of the square of the correlation between the constructs. According to the results, the measured values were above or near the guideline values that demonstrates the validity of the customer orientation scale.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.881-890
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• 2008

Purpose: Research related to social support in Korea has been hampered by paucity of measurement tools reflecting Korean culture. The aim of the study was to develop Korean social support questionnaire (KSSQ) based on the Korean social support pyramid and to test psychometric properties of the KSSQ. Methods: The questionnaire was administered to 701 subjects and 658 college students. Psychometric analyses included factor analyses, expert validity, criterion-related validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Results: A principal components analysis support for construct validity, eliciting a three factor solution accounting for 65.46% of variance in scores. Concurrent and discriminant validity supported criterion-related validity. Internal consistency of reliability was support with Cronbach's alpha of .97-.98 for the entire scale. Test-retest reliability was .76. Conclusion: This initial testing of KSSQ to measure Korean social support demonstrates evidence of reliability and validity. Assessment of known-group validity and norm establishment of KSSQ are suggested to provide further sound psychometric properties and practical measurement tools.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.357-367
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of the study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS-K) for nursing students. Methods: Data from 235 participants were collected from April 12 to April 26, 2022. A total of 230 participants' data were analyzed. The data were analyzed for content, discriminant, known-groups, and construct validity using content validity index, correlation coefficient, and confirmatory factor analyses. The reliability of the GAAIS-K was examined using internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results: The expert-rated content validity index was ≥.80. The sub-scales of the GAAIS-K were moderately correlated with attitude toward accepting technology, indicative of its discriminant validity. The male students' positive attitude score was significantly higher than that of the female students, satisfying the known-groups validity. Cronbach's α for the scale was .86 (positive) and .74 (negative), and the intra-class correlation coefficient for the two-week test-retest reliability was .86 (positive) and .60 (negative). The scores for positive and negative attitudes were 3.68±0.46 and 3.05±0.55. Conclusion: This study shows that the GAAIS-K is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing nursing students. Additional research is recommended to continue the evaluation of the GAAIS-K with a focus on healthcare settings.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.91-110
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable early childhood teacher efficacy scale. As part of this process, the final version of the early childhood teacher efficacy scale was examined in order to reflect the characteristics of the subjects who participated in this study, namely, 598 in-service teachers employed at kindergartens and child care centers. Our data was analyzed according to both the reliability and validity of the scale. the main results of this study were as follows. The overall internal consistency was relatively high (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .91~.93). In addition, the content reliability was examined by a panel of experts in the field. The results of the factor analyses identified 6 sub-constructs with 59 items, thus clearly establishing the construct validity. Moreover, the concurrent validity of this scale was established. The results of correlational and t-test analyses found that the constructs of this scale reflected the characteristics of early childhood teachers.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.186-197
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure professionalism of clinical nurses and evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Methods: DeVellis's scale-development eight steps were applied. The initial items were developed through a literature review and discussion with investigators, and the content validity was verified by seven experts. The data were collected from 250 hospital nurses for exploratory factor analysis and 217 hospital nurses for confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were utilized to assess the construct validity. Cronbach's ⍺ was used to test the internal consistency reliability. Results: The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the scale comprised four factors: professional skill(eight items), sense of ethics (five items), knowledge-seeking activities (four items), and autonomy(three items). The four-factor structure was validated (x 2 =600.85 p<.001, GFI=.88, CFI=.84, RMSEA=.07), and Cronbach's ⍺ for the total scale was .84. Conclusion: The study results showed satisfactory reliability and validity of the professionalism measurement scale for clinical nurses. This scale has potential as an appropriate instrument for measuring clinical nurse professionalism.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.595-599
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• 2003

For implementation of the strut-tie model approach to the practical analysis and design of structural concrete, the effective strengths of concrete struts in a strut-tie model, which have a crucial effect on the determination of strut and tie forces and the validity verification of strut-tie model's geometric compatibility condition, have to be determined accurately. In this study, the validity of the methods for determining the effective strengths of concrete struts was evaluated by conducting the strut-tie model analyses of the three reinforced concrete deep beams tested to failure with the effective strengths of concrete struts obtained from the suggested determination methods.