• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.29-32
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• 2000

Layered video coding schemes allow the video information to be transmitted in multiple video bitstreams to achieve scalability. they are attractive in theory for two reasons. First, they naturally allow for heterogeneity in networks and receivers in terms of client processing capability and network bandwidth. Second, they correspond to optimal utilization of available bandwidth when several video qualify levels are desired. In this paper we propose a scalable video codec architectures with motion estimation, which is suitable for real-time audio and video communication over packet networks. The coding algorithm is compatible with ITU-T recommendation H.263+ and includes various techniques to reduce complexity. Fast motion estimation is Performed at the H.263-compatible base layer and used at higher layers, and perceptual macroblock skipping is performed at all layers before motion estimation. Error propagation from packet loss is avoided by Periodically rebuilding a valid Predictor in Intra mode at each layer.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the changes in hospital accreditation evaluations, the changes in hospital building design guidelines, and the development of design indicators for reducing medical accidents in the state-of-the-art healthcare providers. Methods: The changes and tools were carefully investigated and compared that had been taken place and used in the building certification standards, design guidelines, and patient safety design standards to reduce accidents in the United States and the United Kingdom. Results: First, medical accidents are recognized as multiple defense layers rather than personal ones, and a public reporting and learning system is created, reporting the accidents in question publicly and suggesting ways to improve them based on the data at a time. Second, for the accreditation institute that secures the service quality of medical institutions, detailed standards for patient safety are continuously updated with focus on clinical trials. The United States is in charge of the private sector, but on the other hand the United Kingdom is in charge of the public sector. Third, the design guidelines are provided as web-based tools that complement various guidelines for patient safety, and are improved and developed as well. Fourth, detailed approaches are continuously developed and provided to secure patient safety and reduce medical accidents through appropriate research, evidence-based design and strict evaluations. Implications: When medical institutions make efforts to strength patient safety methods through valid design standards, accidents are expected to decrease, whereby hospital finances are also to be improved. A higher level of medical quality service will sure be secured through comprehensive certification evaluation.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.275-301
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• 2012

This study analyzes the regional disparity in India between 24 states over the period 1980 to 2009. The traditional regressive and spatial autoregressive models are used that includes measures of spatial effects. The results provide no evidence that convergence is valid in India. However, the results indicate that spatial interaction is an important element of state growth in India. The result of spatial analysis excluded two outliner states reveals more strong relationship between the weighted spatial income level and the state growth rates. Moreover, the results find that the coefficients of spatial lag of initial per capital and error terms are significantly negative. The coefficient of variation measures that the distribution of state income level has diverged over time. Therefore, this study concludes that the growth of regional state income does not have a tendency to converge rater than diverge. The results is rational because as the Indian economy is growing rapidly, some states grow faster than the others while initial poor states become the poorest ones, which increases regional disparity in India.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.157-172
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating effect of food safety scandals on the relationship between food company's Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) engagement at different levels and brand image in the Chinese dairy company context. In addition, this study also examined the mediating effect of brand image on CSR engagement and consumer loyalty. The study adopted a $2{\times}2$ between-subjects experimental design using scenarios. Four scenarios provided a mixed combination of yes or no cases for food safety scandal, and high or low cases for a dairy company's CSR engagement. In this study, survey was used to collect data from Chinese consumers. Of these, 377 valid data were collected from a sample of average Chinese consumers over the age of 20, collected through the internet. The results show that CSR engagement at different levels has a significant effect on brand image and food safety scandal has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the two. This study expanded the previous study on the sensitivity of consumers to CSR activities in eastern China. At the same time, according to the results of the study, different CSR engagement of food enterprises does have a significant impact on brand image and consumer loyalty. In particular, high CSR engagement reduces negative impact on brand image through the moderating effect of food safety scandals. Therefore, for food business managers, actively participate in CSR activities, and actively enhance the engagement has a significant influence on the management of brand image.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.632-638
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• 2019

This paper presents the conceptual design and reaction force analysis of a bogie structure for an inter-modal automated transportation system, including road and rail transportation. The proposed system was based on a train with rotation-aligning bogie mechanism that can save significant time and cost. One of the critical issues in conceptual design is the lateral forces applied to the rail caused by the characteristic shapes and structure of the rails and bogie. In particular, the lateral forces are significant in the transition section between the driving and platform sections. This paper provides design guidance for the transition section through reaction force analysis. Based on the analysis result, it was confirmed that the proposed concept can be a valid design candidate of a practical system, and the radius of the rail and the distance between rails are major factors for reaction force generation.

• Journal of Coastal Disaster Prevention
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.119-131
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• 2017

Global warming under the influence of climate change and its direct impact on glacial and sea level are known issue. However, there is a lack of research on an indirect impact of climate change such as coastal structure design which is mainly based on a frequency analysis of water level under the stationary assumption, meaning that maximum sea level will not vary significantly over time. In general, stationary assumption does not hold and may not be valid under a changing climate. Therefore, this study aims to develop a novel approach to explore possible distributional changes in annual maximum sea levels (AMSLs) and provide the estimate of design water level for coastal structures using a multiple non-crossing quantile regression based nonstationary frequency analysis within a Bayesian framework. In this study, 20 tide gauge stations, where more than 30 years of hourly records are available, are considered. First, the possible distributional changes in the AMSLs are explored, focusing on the change in the scale and location parameter of the probability distributions. The most of the AMSLs are found to be upward-convergent/divergent pattern in the distribution, and the significance test on distributional changes is then performed. In this study, we confirm that a stationary assumption under the current climate characteristic may lead to underestimation of the design sea level, which results in increase in the failure risk in coastal structures. A detailed discussion on the role of the distribution changes for design water level is provided.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2008

Biometrics-based user authentication has several advantages over traditional password-based systems for standalone authentication applications. This is also true for new authentication architectures known as crypto-biometric systems, where cryptography and biometrics are merged to achieve high security and user convenience at the same time. Recently, a cryptographic construct, called fuzzy vault, has been proposed for crypto-biometric systems. This construct aims to secure critical data(e.g., secret key) with the fingerprint data in a way that only the authorized user can access the secret by providing the valid fingerprint, and some implementations results for fingerprint have been reported. However, the previous results had some limitation of the provided security due to the limited numbers of chaff data fer hiding real fingerprint data. In this paper, we propose an approach to provide both the automatic alignment of fingerprint data and higher security by using a 3D geometric hash table. Based on the experimental results, we confirm that the proposed approach of using the 3D geometric hash table with the idea of the fuzzy vault can perform the fingerprint verification securely even with more chaff data included.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.987-997
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• 2012

A Point-of-Sales (POS) terminal manages the selling process by a salesperson accessible interface in real time. Using a POS system makes a business and customer management much more efficient. For these reasons, many store install POS terminal and used it. But it has many problem that stealing personal information by hacking and insider corruption. Because POS system stored payment information like that sales information, card valid period, and password. In this paper, I proposed software integrity verification technique in POS system based on White list. This method can prevent accidents that personal information leak by hacking and POS system forge and falsification. This proposed method provides software integrity, so it can prevent inside and outside threats in advance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2021

Domestic industrial accidents continue to increase, with 2,142 deaths in 2018, up by 185 (9.5%) from 1,957 deaths in 2017. Industrial accidents that cause loss of human lives pose a serious risk to businesses because of the strengthening of safety regulations and the changing public perception of social responsibility. Accordingly, to prevent industrial accidents, companies regularly conduct onsite safety activities and conduct education and training to raise awareness among employees. However, many such corporate activities are not conducted voluntarily and practically by employees but mostly by formal implementation. To discontinue this customary and passive behavior of employees and establish a mature safety culture, strengthening the execution power of safety management at the site is of paramount importance, and to this end, we aim to utilize the safety practice index (SPI). In this study, the SPI calculated on the basis of the results of the 2018 and 2019 risk management and safety activities of a site was compared with the reported safety accidents. The results confirmed that the SPI index can be used as a valid indicator for safety activities for accident prevention, such as strengthening leadership and safety policies to grade and manage safety management levels for a certain period of time or by a department or to convert weaknesses into strengths.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.93-106
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• 2020

This research explores how imported automobile companies can develop their strategies to improve the outcome of their recalls. For this, the researchers analyzed patterns of recall demand, classified recall types based on the demand patterns and examined response strategies, considering plans on how to procure parts and induce customers to visit workshops, recall execution capacity and costs. As a result, recalls are classified into four types: U-type, reverse U-type, L- type and reverse L-type. Also, as determinants of the types, the following factors are further categorized into four types and 12 sub-types of recalls: the height of maximum demand, which indicates the volatility of recall demand; the number of peaks, which are the patterns of demand variations; and the tail length of the demand curve, which indicates the speed of recalls. The classification resulted in the following: L-type, or customer-driven recall, is the most common type of recalls, taking up 25 out of the total 36 cases, followed by five U-type, four reverse L-type, and two reverse U-type cases. Prior studies show that the types of recalls are determined by factors influencing recall execution rates: severity, the number of cars to be recalled, recall execution rate, government policies, time since model launch, and recall costs, etc. As a component demand forecast model for automobile recalls, this study estimated the ARIMA model. ARIMA models were shown in three models: ARIMA (1,0,0), ARIMA (0,0,1) and ARIMA (0,0,0). These all three ARIMA models appear to be significant for all recall patterns, indicating that the ARIMA model is very valid as a predictive model for car recall patterns. Based on the classification of recall types, we drew some strategic implications for recall response according to types of recalls. The conclusion section of this research suggests the implications for several aspects: how to improve the recall outcome (execution rate), customer satisfaction, brand image, recall costs, and response to the regulatory authority.