• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2020

Extra-enteric infections by Blastocystis spp. have rarely been documented. Here, we report a case of extra-enteric blastocystosis in a patient with minimal cervicitis symptoms. A 47-year-old Hispanic female patient was attended in a primary health centre in Michoacan state, Mexico, for her routine gynaecological medical examination. As only symptom, she referred to a slight vaginal itching. The presence of several vacuolar-stages of Blastocystis spp. were identified by Papanicolaou staining; molecular identification was attempted by culture-PCR sequencing of a region of 18S gene from cervical and faecal samples obtained 2 months after cytological examination, even when patient declared that she tried self-medicating with vaginal ovules. Blastocystis ST1 was identified only in the faecal sample. The presence of Blastocystis spp. in the cervix of a patient with scarce symptomatology, demonstrates the extraordinary flexibility of this microorganism to adapt to new environments and niches.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2003

목적: 자궁경부암으로 진단을 받고 수술단독 치료만 시행 받은 후 재발암에서 방사선치료를 시행하고 생존율 및 실패양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1990년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 계명대학교 동산의료원 방사선종양학과에선 초기(I, IIa) 자궁경부암으로 진단을 받고 수술 후 재발하여 방사선치료를 받은 환자 27명을 대상으로 하였다. 연령분포는 31세에서 70세로 평균 48세이며 수술 당시 병기 1기가 20명, 2기가 7명이었고 23명이 편평상피암이었고 4명은 선암이었다. 수술 후 재발까지의 기간은 2개월에서 90개월로 평균 29개월이었다. 재발부위로는 질 부위가 14명, 골반강이 9명, 복합재발이 4명이었다. 수술은 25명에서 전자궁적출술과 골반내림프절절제술을 시행하였으며 2명은 전자궁적출술만을 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 13명에서는 외부방사선치료만을 받았고 13명에서는 외부방사선치료와 질강내방사선 치료를 받았으며 1명은 질강내방사선치료만을 받았다. 방사선치료 후 추적관찰기간은 6개월에서 128개월로 중앙값 55개월이었다. 결과: 전체 환자의 5년 생존율과 5년 무병생존율은 각각 71.9$\%$, 68.2$\%$이었다. 재발부위에 따른 생존율의 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으나 질 부위에만 재발하여 방사선치료를 받은 환자에서 가장 높은 5년 무병생존율을 나타내었다(5년 무병생존율, 질 부위에만 재발한 환자는 85.7$\%$, 질 부위를 제외한 골반부위에 재발한 환자 53.3$\%$, p=0.09). 재발시기에 따른 생존율의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 실패양상으로는 질 부위에만 재발하여 방사선치료를 받은 환자들에서 7$\%$의 국소재발만 있었고 골반강내에 재발하여 방사선치료를 받은 환자들은 국소재발이 주된 실패이었고 골반과 복벽, 복막 등에 같이 재발되었던 환자들은 방사선치료 후 원격전이가 주된 실패이었다. 방사선치료 후 3도 이상의 부작용은 없었다. 결론: 이상으로 볼 때, 초기 자궁경부암에서 수술단독치료 후 재발암에서는 방사선치료는 효과적이고 안전한 치료법이라고 생각되며 특히 수술 후 질 부위에만 재발한 경우에는 외부방사선치료와 질강내방사선치료로 좋은 생존율을 기대할 수 있겠다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.275-278
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• 2014

Gastric cancer is rare during pregnancy, and often advanced upon presentation. A Krukenberg tumor presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the pregnant patient. We present a case of a 38-year-old woman at 22 weeks' gestation who presented with worsening epigastric pain, and was found to have a left pelvic mass on ultrasound, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. She went into active labor and delivered a viable infant via vaginal delivery. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a large mass originating from her left ovary and diffuse thickening of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Frozen section investigation revealed the presence of signet cell adenocarcinoma. Subsequent upper endoscopy showed linitis plastica, while biopsy confirmed the presence of adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, the occurrence of gastric cancer in pregnancy is rare despite extremely common symptoms. The management poses a challenge because of the need for early treatment, and the continuation of the pregnancy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3541-3547
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• 2013

Background: This cross-sectional observational study was undertaken to establish clinico-pathological characteristics of patients with gynecological malignancies, focusing mainly on symptoms, histological type and stage of the disease at presentation, in a tertiary care setting in Eastern India. Materials and Methods: In the gynecology out-patient clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India, the patients with suggestive symptoms of gynecological malignancies were screened. Their diagnoses were confirmed by histopathology. One hundred thirteen patients with histopathologically confirmed gynecological malignancies were interviewed. Results: The most frequently reported symptoms by the patients with histopathologically confirmed gynecological malignancies were excessive, offensive with or without blood stained vaginal discharge (69.0%), irregular, heavy or prolonged vaginal bleeding (36.3%) and postmenopausal bleeding (31.9%). The majority of the patients (61.0%) had squamous cell carcinoma on histopathological examination, followed by adenocarcinoma (30.1%). Nearly half of the patients (48.7%) were suffering from the Federation Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes (FIGO) stage III, followed by stage II (40.7%) malignancy. Conclusions: This study highlights that most of the patients with gynecological malignancies present late at an appropriate health care facility. Ovarian cancer may often have non-specific or misleading symptomatic presentation, whereas cervical cancer often presents with some specific symptoms. These observations point to the need for increasing awareness about gynecological malignancies in the community and providing easily accessible adequate facilities for early detection and treatment of the disease by optimal use of available resources, i.e. strengthening the primary health care system.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of short-course hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) for the palliation of uterine cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with cancer of the uterine cervix, who underwent palliative hypofractionated 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy between January 2002 and June 2012, were retrospectively analyzed. RT was delivered to symptomatic lesions (both the primary mass and/or metastatic regional lymph nodes). The total dose was 20 to 25 Gy (median, 25 Gy) in 5 Gy daily fractions. Results: The median follow-up duration was 12.2 months (range, 4 to 24 months). The median survival time was 7.8 months (range, 4 to 24 months). Vaginal bleeding was the most common presenting symptom followed by pelvic pain (9 patients). The overall response rates were 93.8% and 66.7% for vaginal bleeding control and pelvic pain, respectively. Nine patients did not have any acute side effects and 7 patients showed minor gastrointestinal toxicity. Only 1 patient had grade 3 diarrhea 1 week after completion of treatment, which was successfully treated conservatively. Late complications occurred in 4 patients; however, none of these were of grade 3 or higher severity. Conclusion: Short-course hypofractionated RT was effective and well tolerated as palliative treatment for uterine cervical cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6657-6663
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• 2014

Background: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of sexual problems of Turkish patients receiving gynecologic cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample of 168 women completed the Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) and a Patient Identification Form in a hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Mean IFSF scores of the patients were low ($15.7{\pm}5.72$, out of a possible 45), indicating high rates of sexual problems. Results: Women frequently reported problems with dyspareunia (97.1%), vaginal dryness (97.6%), decreased sexual desire (91.1%), and difficulties of sexual arousal (92.9%) related with the cancer treatment process. They reported increased sexual problems following the period of treatment as compared to before treatment (p<0.05). Sexual dysfunction was associated with low educational and income levels, advanced age, TAH-BSO-LND surgery (total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salphingoopherectomylymph node dissection), experiencing side effects of chemotherapy, receiving chemotherapy in addition to surgery and radiotherapy (CT+RT+Surgery), and having a large number of chemotherapy cycles (p<0.05). Conclusions: Patients hoped for and expected counseling from healthcare professionals about their sexual functioning in relation to cancer treatments. Nurses and physicians can help to improve the overall quality of life for gynecologic cancer patients through sexual counseling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3561-3564
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• 2013

Background: The negative effects of gynecologic cancer on women's health is multidimensional. Sexual problems arising after chemotherapy are decreased interest and vaginal lubrication, lack of orgasm and dyspareunia and sense of reduction in sexual attractiveness in general. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes that patients who receive chemotherapy for a gynecologic oncology disorder experience in their sexual functions. Materials and Methods: A descriptive/cross-sectional and qualitative study was performed. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used in order to collect data on sexual capacity. The quantitative data obtained were evaluated with frequency and percentage calculations while content analysis was performed for the qualitative data. Results: All of the information related to sexuality was provided by the physician. Chemotherapy treatment affected sexuality negatively in 55.9%. Since receiving the diagnosis, 52.9% of women had experienced no sexual intercourse at all. Those who had an FSFI score of 30 and below made up 75% of the women. After the content analysis of data obtained during in in-depth interviewing, we focused on three main themes: desire for sexual intercourse, problems experienced during sexual intercourse, and coping with problems. Conclusions: An integrated system where sexual problems can be handled professionally should be present during gynecological cancer treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7029-7035
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• 2014

Certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are undoubtedly involved in genesis of human malignancies. HPV plays an etiological role in cervical cancer, but also in many vaginal, vulvar, anal and penile cancers, as well as head and neck cancers. In addition, a number of non-malignant diseases such as genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis are attributable to HPV. Moreover, HPV forms have detected in several other cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung, prostate, ovarian, breast, skin, colorectal and urinary tract cancers, but associations with etiology in these cases is controversial. The aim of this systematic assessment was to estimate the prevalence of HPV infection and HPV types in HPV-associated cancers, HPV-related non-malignant diseases and in cancers that may be associated with HPV in Iran. The present investiagtion covered 61 studies on a variety of cancers in Iranian populations. HPV prevalence was 77.5 % and 32.4% in cervical cancer and head and neck cancers, respectively. HPV was detected in 23.1%, 22.2%, 10.4%, 30.9%, 14% and 25.2% of esophageal squamous cell, lung, prostate, urinary tract cancers, breast and skin cancers, respectively. HPV16 and 18 were the most frequent HPV types in all cancers. The findings of present study imply that current HPV vaccines for cervical cancer may decrease the burden of other cancers if they are really related to HPV.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

This report is aimed to investigate the effect of Integrative Medicine Therapy (IMT) in treating metastasized ovary and endometrial cancer. A 51-year-old woman who was diagnosed double primary ovarian and endometrial cancer in 2009. The patient was treated with Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH), Bilateral Salpingo Oophorectomy (BSO) Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection (PLND), adjuvant chemotherapy till Sep. in 2013. But metastases to Rt. External Iliac artery, Aortocaval area Lymph Nodes, Liver(caudate lobe), Rt. Buttock subcutaneous area, Lt. Gastric Area Lymph Nodes were found. Finally, the patient decided to be treated by IMT including Abnoba Viscum, Vitamin C, herbal medication and pharmacopuncture combined with chemotherapy. The efficacy was evaluated with Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (PET-CT) and Abdomen Computed Tomography (CT). The metastatic tumor in liver was disappeared and Rt. external iliac artery, aortocaval area Lymph Nodes, Rt. buttock subcutaneous area were also decreased after 6 months treatment. These results suggest that IMT may have a potential role for metastatic cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2008

목 적: 본 연구는 자궁내막암 병기 $1{\sim}2$ 환자에 수술 후 방사선치료의 결과와 예후인자를 분석하여 향후 치료원칙을 결정하는 데 도움을 얻고자 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1991년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 이화여자대학교 의과대학부속병원에서 자궁내막암으로 진단받고 수술 후 방사선치료를 받은 병기 $1{\sim}2$환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 전체 환자는 35명이었으며 17명은 자궁절제술과 양측 난소제거술을 시행하였고 18명은 완전한 수술적 병기의 수술을 시행하였다. 골반강 방사선치료를 받은 환자는 17명, 질강내근접치료를 받은 환자는 12명, 골반강 방사선치료와 질강내근접치료를 받은 환자는 6명이었다. 결 과: 추적기간의 중앙값은 54개월이었다. 전체 환자의 5년 생존율은 91.4%, 무병생존율은 81.7%이었다. 저위험군, 중간위험군, 고위험군의 위험군에 따른 5년 생존율은 각각 100%, 100%, 55.6%이었으며 무병생존율은 각각 100%, 70.0%, 45.7%이었다. 국소재발된 환자는 없었으며 5명(14%)에서 원격전이가 발생하였으며 호발부위는 폐, 뼈, 간, 부신, 전복강의 순이었다. 원격전이에 대한 단변량 통계분석에 따르면 위험군, 조직학적 세포형태와 조직학적 등급이 유의성이 있었으며, 다변량 통계분석에 따르면 조직학적 세포형태로서 유두형, 장액형, 그리고 투명세포암은 자궁내막양암과 샘암편평암에 비하여 원격전이율이 높고 생존율이 낮았다. 골반강 방사선치료에 의한 후유증은 장염이 30%에서 나타났으며 다음으로 직장염이었으나 대부분 등급 $1{\sim}2$로 등급 $3{\sim}4$의 후유증은 발생하지 않았다. 결 론: 수술 후 골반강 방사선치료 혹은 질강내근접치료를 시행한 자궁내막암 병기 $1{\sim}2$환자들의 경우 저위험군과 중간위험군은 국소제어율과 생존율이 높았으나, 고위험군은 골반강 방사선치료를 시행하여 국소제어율은 높으나 원격전이율이 높고 생존율이 낮았다. 따라서 고위험군은 방사선치료와 동시에 항암화학요법이 요구된다. 중간 위험군의 더 효율적인 치료를 위하여 많은 환자를 대상으로 골반강 방사선치료와 강내근접치료를 비교하는 전향적 무작위연구가 필요하다.