• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.343-362
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate chronic radiation effects on the basal cell of the rat tongue epithelium according to different irradiation timing. Forty-two female rats were devided into 5 experimental groups according to different irradiation timing and were irradiated single dose of 396cGy by MK cell irradiator using Cs-137. Experimental rats were sacrificed at the 2nd week, 4th week and 6th week after birth. The specimens were examined with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The following results were obtained. 1. The first changes after irraditation were vacuoles. The vacuoles were chiefly observed in the cytoplasm, perinuclei area, and nuclei. 2. The most severe degenerative changes in the basal cell layer were observed in all experimental groups. ; cellular disarrangement, vacuole formation, widening of intercellular space, enlarged mitochondria & rER, and chromatin clumping were seen. 3. The cellular degenerative changes were most severe at the 4th week after birth in all experimental group, and the basal cell hyperplasia was seen at the 6th week in the most of experimental groups 4. The experimental groups 3 and 4 show more severe and more prolonged cellular degeneration than experimental groups 1 and 2, which were irradiated in pregnancy, and experimental group 5, which was irradiated after tongue maturation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1975

These studies were carried out the observation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis of Candida albicans in vitro and also detected to the cytoplasmic changes of polymorphonuclear leukocyte during phagocytosis by the method of electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In normal polymorphonuclear leukocyte, nuclear lobes showed a preponderance of dense, granular chromatin located peripherally. The cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocyte was not extensive; the cytoplasmic matrix was moderate dense and of a granular appearance. Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum system was poorly developed. But a various type of granules were seen abundantly. 2. After 30 minutes of incubation, Candida albicans was completely engulfed. These had come to lie in the vacuole which was limited by the membrane. 3. After 90 minutes of incubation, the phagocytic vacuoles were larger, and many granules devoid of membranes were seen within them. Though the granules has lost their membrane after entering the vacuoles. 4. After 2 hours of incubation, the cytoplamsic components of polymorphonuclear leuko cytes were changed their original morphology.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1996

This study was designed to observe the ultrastructure of synoviocytes which are concerned with phagocytic function in the knee joint of the human. The synovia were dissected and were fixed for two hours in 0.2% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde solution and processed and finally infused in 2.3 M sucrose and 20% PVP solution. The tissues were cut with the cryoultramicrotome and labelled with primary antibodies (anti-tubulin, anti-vimentin) and secondary antibody-6 nm colloidal gold particles. The tissues were observed under transmission electronmicroscope. The results were followings. 1. In phagocytic synovial cells, the distributions of tubulin were cytoplasm, especially around vacuoles. 2. In phagocytic synovial cells, the distributions of vimentin were cytoplasm. 3. Both tubulin and vimentin were not located inside of vacuoles. On the basis of above findings, it is obvious that the phagocytic functions are concerned with tubulin, and the phagocytic synovial cells contain vimentin.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.125-136
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• 1999

The ultrastructure of glandular trichomes in Pelargonium peltatum has been studied with a light microscope, transmission, and scanning electron microscope. Two types of the glands, long-stalked and short-stalked capitate glands, are distinguished with their shape and size of the total glands. Both glands are extreamly abundant in the leaf veins and petioles. These glandular trichomes are consisted of one secretory cell, three stalk cells, and one basal cell. The secretory cells contain a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. They have also much plastids, vacuoles, Golgi apparati, and mitochondria. High electron-dense deposits are frequently present in vacuoles of secretory cells. It seems to be phenolic compounds which is thought as the major secretory precursors.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.127-130
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• 1999

Cytological changes of cowpea root at the early stage of root nodule formation (within 5 days after inoculation) were viewed by light and electron microscopy. The root region affected by the rhizobial infection, which was composed of a redial array of cortical cells, had prominent cell divisions, mostly anticlinal in the inner cortical cells and in addition oblique and periclinal in the outer cells. An infected root hair cell (or root hair-producing epidermal cell) had numerous infection threads and degenerated cytoplasm. Module meristem was formed adjacent to the infected root hair cell, and characterized by dense cytoplasm, prominent nucleus, numerous small vacuoles, and increased plastids, containing infection threads as well. Bacterial cells were dividing inside the infection thread, the wall materials of which appeared to be dissolved ad accumulated in small vacuoles. inner cortical cells contiguous to the nodule meristem appeared to be actively dividing and dedifferentiating; however, they were not infected by the rhizobia. These structural characteristics are similar to those in the Bradyrhizobium-soybean association previously reported, and may reflect the similar cytological process in cowpea in the early nodule formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1995

Structures of the adventitious root meristem induced from callus culture of tobaco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC 82) leaves were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Structural differences between in vitro root and callus cells were also examined by the microscopy. The submicroscopic features of the in vitro root cells were as follows. Intercellular spaces were not developed and nuclei with two nucleoli were observed occasionally. Plasmodesmate were found in groups or sing1y on transverse and longitudinal walls. Amyloplast solely filled with starch grains, with one to five electron - dense bands, was surrounded by single membrane. in the callus cells, vacuolization of central part in the cytoplasm having mitochondria with swollen cristae and starch grains like those of in vitro root cells was a distinct feature. Vesicles which were found between cell wall and plasma membrane may be arisen by a process of protoplasmic invagination. By comparing of ultrastructures between the cells of callus and in vitro roots we found that the distinct differences lied on thickened cell walls and hypertrophed vacuoles in the former, and less thickened cell walls and several small vacuoles in the later.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 1979

The ultrastructural changes of embryo and endosperm cells were observed during the green fruit with embryo about $250{\mu}$ long to germination. 1. In the embryo cells of green fruit with embryo about $250{\mu}$ long, mitochondrial cristae and plastid are undifferentiated and dictyosome are occasionally observed. There are electron-opaque globoids in the vacuole and a lot of spherosomes in the outer layer of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Endosperm is filled with spherosomes and electron-opaque protein bodies surrounded by spherosomes, and due to these, other organelle are not observed. 2. In the embryo cells of seeds with red seed coat, mitochondrial cristae are well developed, electron-opaque globoids increased, and vacuoles are enlarged. In the endosperm, however, spherosomes increased, protein bodies are enlarged, and electron-opaque globoidal crystals are dispersed within them. 3. In the procambium and epicotyl cells of dehiscent seed, Golgi vacuoles and vesicles are well developed, and mitochondrial cristae are also well differentiated. Spherosomes are numerously present and radicle cells, peripheral cells of hypocotyl, and vacuoles of cotyledon are well differentiated. Endosperm is filled with spherosomes containing electron-opaque granules and protein bodies are surrounded by a single membrane. There are acid phosphatase around globoids and spherosomes. 4. At the time of seeding, spherosomes markedly increased in the outer layer of cotyledon and protein bodies are also observed. Cell organelles are differentiated and plastids containing starch are also present. 5. In the outer $2{\sim}3$ layers of cotyledons, radicle cells, and peripheral cells of hypocotyl during post-seeding to germination, spherosomes and plastids with starch increased, and mitochondria and microbodies are also found around the nucleus of embryo cells. With approaching, the germination stage, in the endosperm contacting with embryo, vacuoles are well differentiated but spherosomes decreased. There increased electron-opaque materials within vacuoles. In other endosperm, with the decrease of spherosome, mitochondria increased and electro n-opaque globular bodies are formed and gradually increased. The outer layer of protein bodies are reduced while electron-transparent portions are enlarged and fused together to occupy the outer layer where small particles are formed. 6. In the endosperm of germination stage, spherosomes decreased while protein bodies, are fused together to form 2 or 3 within a cell.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-41
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• 1973

Ultrastructural changes in the cells of the corpora allata of the pine moth, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler, were studied by electron microscope to know the structural correlates of hormone production by the gland during the larval-pupal-adult transformations. Mitochondria are in active phases from the overwintered to the last instar larvae and from the pupae just after pupation to the 20-day old pupae, while they are in inactive phases from the making cocoon stage to the prepupae just before pupation. The peripheral allatum cells have electron dense granules in the intracellular vacuoles of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the larval life, particularly in the overwintered larvae and in the early adults but the swollen smooth-surfaced intracytoplasmic vacuoles made by expansion of an end of the tubular rough endoplasmic reticulum, some of which contain fibrous proteins, are observed in addition to the vacuoles in the intercellular spaces in which the vacuoles grow by fusing each other from the mature larvae to the prepupae, both of them disappearing during just before pupation. After pupation the cytolasmic vacuoles develop again in the allatum cells so that they seem to begin the secretory activity. The fact that the neurosecretory granules stored within the axons terminated in the corpus allatum are visible only from the 20-day old pupa about two days before abult emergence to the 5-day old adult means that the secretion from the allatum cells is under the control of the brain from the late pupal stage, while the secretion during from the larval to the early pupal life has no relation with the brain, because such granules are not observed within the axons. It is, therefore, suggested that at least two kinds of hormone are released with the ages as far as concerned with the production and secretion mechanisms of the allatum hormone: juvenile hormone is released until the last instar larvae without any direct stimlation of the brain and gonadotropic hormone is secreted from the late pupa to the adult by getting brain's stimulation and that the secretory phases observed from the mature larvae to prepupae are presumably concerned with the biosynthesis of protein owing to the ecdysone and those from the early pupal stage in uncontrolled condition of the brain with the prothoracotropic activity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.465-477
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• 1996

The influence of dehydrocholic acid, cholesterol and phosphstidylcholie to the fine structure of vacuolar apparatus was investigated to better understand the mechanism of intracellular transport of bile constituents in the hepatocytes of rats. The cis Golgi cisterns faced toward the bile canaliculi both in normal and experimental groups. In the hepatocytes from the rats of experimental groups, the primary organic solutes in bile influence the Gogi apparatus, ER and lysosome in the way of increase, cisternal dilation or budding to form the vacuoles. In the dehydrocholic acid group, the cis Golgi cisterns appeared to be sacculated and showed buds, which were probably separated to be vacuoles. Some of the vacuoles appeared to be fused to the bile canaliculi. In the cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine groups, the Golgi cisterns appeared to be dilated and lysosomes were increased in the vicinity of bile canaliculi. The cis Golgi cisterns showing linear saccular fashions were occasonally observed. The increase of lysosomes were more predominant in the cholesterol group. The evidence suggests that dehydrocholic acid is mainly transported through the ER and cis Golgi cisterns, and cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine are mainly transported through the ER and lysosomes via the trans Golgi cisterns, but the cholesterols are frequently transported via the lysosomes.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 1992

The present study was carried out to investigate morphologic changes in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rat by electron microscope after administration of prostaglandin F2$\alpha$(PGF2$\alpha$). Pregnant rates were treated with PGF2$\alpha$(1,500$\mu\textrm{g}$/rat) and their corpura lutea were observed morphologically. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The weight of the ovaries and corpura lutea were decreased slightly at 8~24 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ administratin but no significant differences were observed. 2. The number of corpora lutea and luteal cells decreased slightly at 12~48 hours and 18~24 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ tretment but there were no signifciant differences between control and treatment. 3. The weight of uterus and the unmber of embryo decreased slightly at 96 hours and at 18~96 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ administration but no significant differences were obtained. 4. In the electron microscopic observatons, lipid droplets which are electron dense and appear in the cytoplasm moderately increased in number after PGF2$\alpha$ treatment. The lipid droplets were surrounded by mitochodria and appeared in the autophagic vacuoles. 5. Moderated and high electron dense mitochondria which are round or elongated in shape showed pleomorphism from 3 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ treatment. Destruction of tubular of vesicular cristae was observed at 6 hours after the treatment. Dense body and myelin figures in matrix of mitochondria were also appeared. 6. Well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum(sER) showed tubular or vesicular cisternae. A number of whorl membranes containing ribosomes, mitochondria and lipid droplets were observed at 1.5 hour after treatment. sER was abundant in luteal cells at 12 hours were treatment. 7. Well-developed Golgi pparatus appeared obviously 6 hours and more prominently at 12 hours. Those Golgi vesicles were remarkably dilated. 8. Generally, a few rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) were appeared after treatment and cisternae showed slight dilatation. No differences among the treatments were observed. However, slight dilation of cisternae was observed at 1.5 hours after treatment. 9. Ribosomes composed of free and polyribosomes were abundant before treatment but polyribosomes were appeared at 12 to 24 hours after treatment. 10. Intercellular space were slightly extended at 3 hours and markedly extended at 12 hours. Numerous microvillous protrusions were observed at these times. Membranous multivesicular structures and autophagic vacuoles were also appeared in the intercellular space. 11. At 3 hours after the treatment, autophagic vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm of the cell. They increased in number with time and were observed to transfer to the intercellular space. Lysosomal dense body appeared in the cytoplasm and the inclusion body was also observed in nucleus at 12 to 24 hours after treatment.