• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2023

Purpose: Around 70% of the Iranian population had received two doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines by the end of 2021. In this study, we evaluated the reasons for vaccination refusal among people in Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 800 participants (400 vaccinated and 400 unvaccinated) were recruited. A demographic questionnaire was completed through interviews. The unvaccinated participants were asked about the reasons for their refusal. The Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used for analyzing data. Results: Older people were 1.018 times more likely to refrain from vaccination (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.039; p=043). People who were manual workers as well as those who were unemployed/housewives were 0.288 and 0.423 times less likely to receive vaccination, respectively. Those with high school education and married women were 0.319 and 0.280 times less likely to receive vaccination, respectively (95% CI, 198-0.515; p<0.001; 95% CI, 0.186-0.422; p<0.001). Participants who had hypertension or suffered from neurological disorders were more likely to receive the vaccination. Finally, people affected with severe COVID-19 infection were 3.157 times more likely to get vaccinated (95% CI, 1.672-5.961; p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that lower level of education and older age were contributed to reluctance for vaccination, while having chronic diseases or being already infected with severe COVID-19 infection were associated with more acceptance of vaccination.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2023

Purpose: Influenza is the most common seasonal infectious disease that causes permanent social, economic, and medical problems worldwide. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent influenza is through vaccines. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of factors that determine the refusal of influenza vaccine among three subjects groups. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted amongst the three high-risk groups in 2018-2019 (Moscow, Russia). The survey involved 1,620 parents and pregnant women (group 1), 324 doctors (group 2), and 433 students (group 3). Poor vaccine uptake was observed among respondents in all three groups. Results: According to the survey results, only 22.2% of children and 13.8% of adults were vaccinated against influenza. Group 2 showed increased rates with 36.7% of vaccinated adults and 58.7% of children. The lowest adherence to annual vaccinations was recorded in group 3 (only 17.3%). There is also a negative correlation between adherence to vaccination and smoking (-0.66), unhealthy diet (-0.73), poor oral hygiene (-0.61), and insufficient awareness of the need for influenza vaccine as well (-0.81). Conclusion: Thus, a general lack of vaccination awareness has a fundamental role in forming a negative attitude toward influenza vaccine. It is necessary to conduct research to promote vaccination against influenza to improve vaccine uptake among high-risk groups, particularly students.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.384-400
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 vaccination intention among college students in Korea and verify the factors influencing vaccination. Methods: From April 28 to May 3, 2021, an online survey was conducted on a total of 323 college students. Measures included the 5C scale and the vaccine literacy scale. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention among students. Results: Among the respondents, 47.7% had the intention to receive the vaccine following the government vaccination plan. Influencing factors of intention to COVID-19 vaccination included the higher level of confidence and collective responsibility and the lower level of constraints and calculation. However, vaccine literacy, socio-demographics, the influence of others, the contents and main source of information about the COVID-19 vaccine, health status and COVID-19-related experiences did not influence the intention to vaccination. The content analysis on self-reported reasons for the decreased vaccination intention resulted in three main categories, including "anxiety about the vaccine", "distrust in the government" and "no need of vaccination." Conclusion: In order to increase COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among college students and form herd immunity, it is necessary to increase the trust in vaccines and emphasize the importance of herd immunity.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.216-227
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• 2013

목적 예방접종은 국민건강증진에 많은 기여를 함에도 불구하고 백신의 안정성 문제로 부모는 아동 예방접종을 망설이거나 거부하는 경향이 증가하고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구의 목적은 자녀 예방접종을 실시하고 있지 않은 부모의 주관성을 조사하여 이들의 생각과 태도를 파악한 후 각 유형별 간호중재 프로그램을 개발하는 데 기초자료를 제공하고자 함이다. 방법 예방접종을 거부하는 부모의 주관적인 견해를 알아보기 위해 Q-방법론을 적용하였다. 개별 심층면담 기법과 개방형 질문지, 국내외 문헌 고찰을 통해 42개의 Q 표본을 도출하였으며 소표본 이론을 근거로 35명의 P 표본을 선출한 후 9점 척도에 강제로 분포하도록 Q-sorting 과정을 실행하였다. 강제 분포된 카드의 점수는 1-9점으로 변환하여 점수를 배정한 후 PC-QUANAL 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 자녀 예방접종 거부에 대한 부모의 태도와 관련된 주관성을 Q 요인 분석한 결과 '예방접종 불신형', '예방접종 부작용 염려형', '예방접종 불필요형' 등의 3개 유형으로 분류되었다. 이들 3개 유형은 전체 변량의 67%를 설명하고 있는데, 제1유형은 54%, 제2유형은 8%, 제3유형은 5%로 나타나 제1유형이 대상자의 주관적인 견해를 가장 많이 설명하고 있었다. 결론 본 연구를 통해 도출된 3개 유형을 토대로 예방접종에 대한 정확한 정보를 제공할 수 있는 간호사로 구성된 전문 상담가를 정부 정책 하에 양성할 필요가 있으며, 예방접종에 대한 부정적인 견해를 전환할 수 있는 각 유형별 맞춤형 교육 프로그램 또한 개발될 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2018

Objectives: Immunization is considered one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions protecting communities from preventable infectious diseases. The Korean government set up a dedicated workforce for national immunization in 2003, and since then has made strides in improving vaccination coverage across the nation. However, some groups remain relatively vulnerable and require intervention, and it is necessary to address unmet needs to prevent outbreaks of communicable diseases. This study was conducted to characterize persistent challenges to vaccination. Methods: The study adopted a qualitative method in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. Three focus group interviews were conducted with 15 professionals in charge of vaccination-related duties. The interviews were conducted according to a semi-structured guideline, and thematic analysis was carried out. Data saturation was confirmed when the researchers agreed that no more new codes could be found. Results: A total of 4 main topics and 11 subtopics were introduced regarding barriers to vaccination. The main topics were vaccine hesitancy, personal circumstances, lack of information, and misclassification. Among them, vaccine hesitancy was confirmed to be the most significant factor impeding vaccination. It was also found that the factors hindering vaccination had changed over time and disproportionately affected certain groups. Conclusions: The study identified ongoing unmet needs and barriers to vaccination despite the accomplishments of the National Immunization Program. The results have implications for establishing tailored interventions that target context- and group-specific barriers to improve timely and complete vaccination coverage.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2023

Purpose: The delay in acceptance or refusal to get vaccinated despite the availability of services is called vaccine hesitancy. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative in Pakistan faced consistent barriers preventing the eradication of the disease in the country. Similarly with the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mass vaccination drives were initiated to a vaccine hesitant population. The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted during July to September 2021 using a snowball sampling technique targeting the adult population of Pakistan. The modified version of the vaccine hesitancy questionnaire related to the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization Vaccine Hesitancy matrix was distributed online. Results: Out of 973 participants, 52.4% were immediately willing to take the vaccine and constituted the acceptance group whereas the remaining 47.6% who were still not sure formed the hesitant group. Support from leaders was found to be statistically significant for the difference between the hesitant and acceptance groups (p-value=0.027). Hesitant people were concerned about the effectiveness of the vaccine (60.9%) and potential side effects (57.9%) as it was not sufficiently tested prior to launch (44.7%). Age and education were significant factors affecting the acceptance of vaccination. The most trusted source of information regarding vaccination was health care workers (43.8%). Conclusion: A moderately high prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was reported in Pakistan. To overcome it, policymakers need to address the reasons for it. Leaders, celebrities, and healthcare workers can play an instrumental role in dispelling conspiracy theories regarding vaccines and making the vaccination drive a success.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2023

Purpose: This qualitative study utilizing phenomenological methodology aimed to depict parental measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine acceptance through the work experiences of health personnel. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two public health workers working as vaccination providers in the three southern border provinces of Thailand were recruited. In-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four main themes emerged: (1) religious beliefs, (2) personal disagreements, (3) fear and mistrust regarding potential vaccine side effects, and (4) misperceptions about the potential severity of measles. Four subthemes were identified: (1) haram (prohibited), (2) the will of Allah, (3) spousal disagreement, and (4) disagreement from a religious leader. The results of this study indicated that perceived religious prohibition was the most important reason for refusing to vaccinate among Muslim parents. Vaccine-hesitant parents were concerned that the vaccine might contain gelatin derived from pig products. Also, halal certification of the vaccine was required from Muslim parents to ensure that vaccine has been approved for Muslims. Meanwhile, a lack of knowledge and positive attitudes concerning immunizations of vaccine-hesitant parents were also found as predominant reasons for incomplete childhood immunizations in the deep south of Thailand. Conclusion: Health education and engagement by religious leaders to endorse the vaccination and bridge the gap between religious beliefs and vaccine acceptance is needed to overcome this issue. This study findings could be effectively applied to improve vaccination uptake in a Muslim majority context.