• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.519-532
• /
• 1999

Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of type B gastritis and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. To elucidate the host-parasite relationship of the H. pylori infection on the basis of molecular biology, we tried to evaluate the genomic diversity of H. pylori. An ordered overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of a Korean isolate, H. pylori 51 was constructed to set up a genomic map. A circular physical map was constructed by aligning ApaI, NotI and SfiI-digested chromosomal DNA. When the physical map of H. pylori 51 was compared to that of unrelated strain, H. pylori 26695, completely different restriction patterns were shown. Fifteen known genes were mapped on the chromosome of H. pylori 51 and the genetic map was compared with those of strain 26695 and J99, of which the entire genomic sequences were reported. There were some variability in the gene location as well as gene order among three strains. For further analysis on the genomic diversity of H. pylori, when comparing the genomic structure of 150 H. pylori Korean isolates with one another, genomic macrodiversity of H. pylori was characterized by several features: whether or not susceptible to restriction digestion of the chromsome, variation in chromosomal restriction fingerprint and/or high frequency of gene rearrangement. We also examined the extent of allelic variation in nucleotide or deduced amino acid sequences at the individual gene level. fucT, cagA and vacA were confirmed to carry regions of high variation in nucleotide sequence among strains. The plasticity zone and strain-specific genes of H. pylori 51 were analyzed and compared with the former two genomic sequences. It should be noted that the H. pylori 51-specific sequences were dispersed on the chromosome, not congregated in the plasticity zone unlike J99- or 26695-specific genes, suggesting the high frequency of gene rearrangement in H. pylori genome. The genome of H. pylori 51 shows differences in the overall genomic organization, gene order, and even in the nucleotide sequences among the H. pylori strains, which are far greater than the differences reported on the genomic diversity of H. pylori.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.504-510
• /
• 2017

This paper presents an AC-DC power module design and evaluates its efficiency and reliability when used for electronics appliances. This power module consists of a PWM control IC, power MOSFETs, a transformer and several passive devices. The module was tested at an input voltage of 220V (RMS) (frequency 60 Hz). A test was conducted in order to evaluate the operation and power efficiency of the module, as well as the reliability of its protection functions, such as its over-current protection (OVP), overvoltage protection (OVP) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) properties. Especially, we evaluated the thermal shut-down protection (TSP) function in order to assure the operation of the module under high temperature conditions. The efficiency and reliability measurement results showed that at an output voltage of 5 V, the module had a ripple voltage of 200 mV, power efficiency of 73 % and maximum temperature of $80^{\circ}C$ and it had the ability to withstand a stimulus of high input voltage of 4.2 kV during 60 seconds.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.676-683
• /
• 2022

Minimizing patient movement during CT-guided lung biopsy is an important factor in the procedure. To minimize movement, a vacuum cushion was used to evaluate its effectiveness. The subjects of this study were 116 patients aged 40 years or older who had good coordination with postural fixation and breathing control. Posture measurements were performed in the supine position, prone position, oblique position, and lateral position according to each position of the lung lesion biopsy lesion. Measurement positions were measured in the anterior, posterior, right, and left positions based on the anatomical posture. In the prone position, the mean difference between the non-use and the use of the posterior was 1.7905, and t=2.913 (p<0.01), and the mean difference between the non-use/use was statistically significant. The difference between the unused and used averages of left was 2.4105, and the difference between the left averages was also significant with t=3.684 (p<0.01). The difference between the unused and used averages of the right was 2.3263, with t=3.791 (p<0.01). The mean difference between unused and used is statistically significant. As a result of statistical analysis, the biopsy of the lung lesion using a fixation device showed less movement in all postures. It is considered that it is meaningful in that it is possible to conduct a more accurate biopsy procedure and minimize the patient's posture movement by using a fixation device during the CT-guided biopsy of the lung lesion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.14
• /
• pp.5635-5641
• /
• 2015

Background: Cirrhosis is regarded as a possible end stage of many liver diseases, including viral infection. It occurs when healthy liver tissue becomes damaged and is replaced by scar tissue and finally may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferons (IFNs)are two general categories, type I and II. Type I includes one beta interferon and over 20 different alpha interferons. Alpha interferons are very similar in how they work, interacting with other proteins on cells like receptors. The main objective of this study was to compare Mx gene productivity post different cell line treatment with imported and Egyptian biosimilar locally produced IFNs, as well as the efficacy of those tested IFNs. Also, an assessment was made of sensitivity of different cell lines as alternatives to that recommended for evaluation of antiviral activity. Materials and Methods: Different cell lines (Vero, MDBK and Wish) were employed to evaluate cytotoxicity using the MTT assay. Antiviral activity was evaluated compared with standard IFN against VSV, Indiana strain -156, on tested rh-IFNs (imported; innovated and Egyptian biosimilar locally produced IFNs) in the pre-treated cell lines previously mentioned. The virus was propagated in the Wish cell line as recommended. Finally we estimated up-regulation of the Mx gene as a biomarker. Results: Data recorded revealed that test IFNs were safe in test cell lines. Viability was around 100%. Locally tested interferon did not realize the international potency limits, while the imported one was accepted compared with the standard IFN. These results were the same either using infectivity titer reduction assay or crystal violet staining of residual non- infected cells. Mx protein production was cell type related and confirmed by the detected Mx gene expressed in imported and locally produced IFN pre-treated cell lines. The expression of the gene was arranged in the order of Vero> wish > MDBK for the imported IFN, while for the Egyptian biosimillar locally produced one it was MDBK> Vero> wish. With regard to the antiviral activity there was a significant difference of imported IFN potency compared with the locally produced IFN (P<0.05), the IFN potential (antiviral activity) was not cell line related and showed non-significant difference for each separate product. Conclusions: Vero cells can be used as an alternative cell line for evaluation of IFN potency in case of unavailable USP recommended cell lines. Alternative potency evaluation assay could be used and proved significant difference in IFN potency in case of local and imported agents. Evaluation of antiviral activity could be used in parallel to viral infectivity reduction assay for better accuracy. Mx gene can be used as a marker for IFN potential.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 2016

It is important to configure capacitance(C) of the capacitor and the induction coefficient(L) of the work coil on the resonant circuit design stage in order to induce heating on the object by a precise and constant frequency components in the electromagnetic induction heating equipment. Work coil conducts a direct induction heating according to heating point and area of the object which has a fixed heat factor so that work coil is designed to has fixed value. On the other hands, Capacitor should be designed to be changed in order to be the higher the utilization of the entire equipment. It is extracted the samples by variation of single electrode capacity from the selection stage of raw materials for capacity to the stage of process design for output of the high frequency LC resonance of 700kHz on 1000 VAC maximum voltage and current to $200I_{MAX}$. It is suggested fundamental experiment results in order to prove relation for the optimal design of HF-LC resonance conduction-cooled capacitor based on the response of frequency characteristics and results of output parameters according to variation of the capacitance size.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2007

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most important cultured fish in Korea, its farming has been negatively impacted by viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. Streptococcal infection was considered as a serious problem because of significant economic losses in olive flounder farm industry. The development and evaluation of vaccine for protection against infection by this agent were required. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic Streptococcus (S.) iniae vaccine on olive flounder Three hundreds of flounders (weight $119.8{\pm}20.7g$, body length $22.6{\pm}1.4cm$) were reared in 0.5 tons aquaria in land-marine tank system. Seawater was provided from the sea of Inchon in Korea, and water temperature was set to $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ in the vaccination and challenge test, respectively. We used the formalin-inactivated ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae (F2K) vaccine (M VAC INIAE; Kyoritsu seiyaku, Japan) originated in Japan. The vaccine was intraperitoneally administered to fish. Both of vaccinated group and control group were challenged with intraperitoneally injection by virulent S. iniae SI-36 isolates with $1.0{\times}10^7CFU/fish$ at 3 weeks after vaccination. Difference on mortality of control and vaccinated group (90.0 and 15.0%, 76.5 and 8.0% respectively) at two trials were found significant (p<0.05), and relative percent survival were 83.4% and 89.5%, respectively. The dead fishes were showed dark pigmentation of skin, abdominal extension, hemorrhagic ascites, and liver necrosis, and isolated the S. iniae strain from ascites, liver and kidney. We confirmed the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae vaccine by determinations of the optimal management condition and artificial challenge test in olive flounder.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.349-359
• /
• 2000

The aim of study was to evaluated the possible role of cranial artery velocity in headache pathogenesis. The present study was studied of five headache(F=5. Mean $age=29.80\pm6.76yrs$) were compared to 4 controls(F=4, Mean $age=29.00\pm5.48yrs$). Transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD) is a new non-invasive and easily applicable method to evaluate flow velocities of the intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries. TCD was performed with standard method to measure the mean Flow Velocity(MFV) of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries, the internal carotid artery, the vertebral and the basilar artery. We reviewed the whole TCD results performed at Taejon Veterans Hospital from October. 11. 2000 to November. 10. 2000. Mean flow velocities in headaches and controls at their 6 decades are $28.00\pm3.61cm/sec$ and $41.25pm1.71cm/sec$ in lent PCA (P<0.01), $50,000\pm23.07cm/sec$ and $82.75\pm15.59cm/sec$ in right MCA(P<0.05), $26.20\pm4.82cm/sec$ and $45.50\pm4.51cm/sec$ in fight PCA(P<0.01). $26.60\pm4.56cm/sec$ and $38.25\pm4.92cm/sec$ in right VAC(P<0.01). After treatment for 2 weeks, mean of velocity on pre treatment and post treatment and post treatment are $28.00\pm3.61cm/sec$ and $38.20\pm5.81cm/sec$ in left PCA (P<0.05), $26.20\pm4.827cm/sec$ and $39.20\pm5.54cm/sec$ in right PCA(P<0.05), $40.60\pm9.18cm/sec$ in right VA(P<0.01). It is concluded that Electrical Therapy for two weeks was effected to promote Mean Flow of Velocity in cranial artery. Mean of velocity in cranial artery with headaches observed in this study was lower than controls, but MFV was promote after treatment for 2 weeks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.113-128
• /
• 2021

In this study, we aimed to understand the public opinion on COVID-19 vaccine. To achieve the goal, we analyzed COVID-19 vaccine-related Twitter posts. 45,413 tweets posted from March 16, 2020 to March 15, 2021 including COVID-19 vaccine names as keywords were collected. The 12 vaccine names used for data collection included 'Pfizer', 'AstraZeneca', 'Modena', 'Jansen', 'NovaVax', 'Sinopharm', 'SinoVac', 'Sputnik V', 'Bharat', 'KhanSino', 'Chumakov', and 'VECTOR' in the order of the number of collected posts. The collected posts were analyzed manually and automatedly through keyword analysis, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling to understand the opinions for the investigated vaccines. According to the results, there were generally more negative posts about vaccines than positive posts. Anxiety about the aftereffects of vaccination and distrust in the efficacy of vaccines were identified as major negative factors for vaccines. On the contrary, the anticipation for the suppression of the spread of coronavirus following vaccination was identified as a positive social factor for vaccines. Different from previous studies that investigated opinions about COVID-19 vaccines through mass media data such as news articles, this study explores opinions of social media users using keyword analysis, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling. In addition, the results of this study can be used by governmental institutions for making policies to promote vaccination reflecting the social atmosphere.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.359-368
• /
• 2001

Purpose : To determine the long-term results of bladder-preserving approach by transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), systemic chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer Methods and materiaals : From 1991 Jan. through 1994 Dec., 25 patients with muscle invading clinical stage T2 to T4NxM0 bladder cancer were treated with induction by maximal TURB and (arm 1, n=4) three cycles of chemotherapy [MVAC(methotrexate, vincristine, adriamycin, ciplatin)] followed by 64.8 Gy of radiation with concomitant cisplatin, or two cycles of chemotherapy [MCV (methotrexate, ciplatin, vincristine)] after irradiation with concomitant cisplatin (arm 2, n=14), or concurrent chemoradiation only (arm 3, n=7). Tumor response was scored as a clinical complete response (CR) when the cystoscopic tumor-site biopsy and urine cytology results were negative. Those with less than a CR underwent cystectomy. The median follow-up of all patients was 70 months. Resulst : Most treatment toxicities were mild to moderate. Grade 3 acute hematologic toxicity and chronic cystitis were observed in only 1 and 2 patients, respectively. Overall 5 year survival was $67.3\%$. Complete remission rate was $80\%$ (20/25). Sixty-three percent of all survivors retained their bladders. In multivariate analysis, prognostic factors that significantly affect survival were T-stage (p=0.013) and Complete remission (p=0.002). Conclusion : Combined modality therapy with TURB, chemotherapy, and radiation has a $67.3\%$ overall 5 year survival rate. This result is similar to cystectomy-based studies for patients of similar clinical stages.