• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2004

This study was carried out to monitor the response of ovaries and cyst according to treatment with dinoprost or fenprostalene in dairy cows with ovarian luteal cyst. Twenty cows were diagnosed as luteal cysts by rectal palpation, ultrasonography and progesterone analysis. The cystic cows were treated with dinoprost or fenprostalene. All the animals were re-examined by ultrasonography and blood was collected for the measurement of plasma progesterone concentration at day 0 (the day of treatment), 3, 13 and 24, respectively. Mean plasma progesterone concentrations on day -11 and day -1 before treatment were 2.1$\pm$0.2 ng/ml and 2.8$\pm$0.3 ng/ml, respectively. On day 3 and day 13 were 0.3$\pm$0.1 ng/ml and 4.3$\pm$0.2 ng/ml, respectively. Mean cystic wall thickness on day -11 and day -1 were 3.2$\pm$0.2 mm and 3.9$\pm$0.2 mm, respectively. And on day 3 was 2.4$\pm$0.3 mm. The responses of luteal cyst after treatment noted during ultrasonography included dramatical degeneration of the luteal tissue of cystic wall on day 3 (all cows), slowly reduction of cyst size (cyst resolution) until last examination (8 cows), complete disappearance on day 13 (7 cows) and no changes of cyst size (5 cows). A group of 10 cows with luteal cysts injected fenprostalene compared with another 10 cows treated dinoprost showed a slightly higher pregnancy rate on first service after initial treatment (50.0 vs 30.0%). But treatment effects of dinoprost or fenprostalene did not significantly different results for each groups. This study suggested that the response of the cyst according to treatment revealed various types. Therefore, veterinarians should have attention on monitoring of the response of cystic ovaries after treatment, specially on no change of cyst size after treatment.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.450-453
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• 2012

In crystalline solar cells, the substrate itself constitutes a large portion of the fabrication cost as it is derived from semiconductor ingots grown in costly high temperature processes. Thinner wafer substrates allow some cost saving as more wafers can be sliced from a given ingot, although technological limitations in slicing or sawing of wafers off an ingot, as well as the physical strength of the sliced wafers, put a lower limit on the substrate thickness. Complementary to these economical and techno-physical points of view, a device operation point of view of the substrate thickness would be useful. With this in mind, BC-BJ Si and GaAs solar cells are compared one to one by means of the Medici device simulation, with a particular emphasis on the substrate thickness. Under ideal conditions of 0.6 ${\mu}m$ photons entering the 10 ${\mu}m$-wide BC-BJ solar cells at the normal incident angle (${\theta}=90^{\circ}$), GaAs is about 2.3 times more efficient than Si in terms of peak cell power output: 42.3 $mW{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ vs. 18.2 $mW{\cdot}cm^{-2}$. This strong performance of GaAs, though only under ideal conditions, gives a strong indication that this material could stand competitively against Si, despite its known high material and process costs. Within the limitation of the minority carrier recombination lifetime value of $5{\times}10^{-5}$ sec used in the device simulation, the solar cell power is known to be only weakly dependent on the substrate thickness, particularly under about 100 ${\mu}m$, for both Si and GaAs. Though the optimum substrate thickness is about 100 ${\mu}m$ or less, the reduction in the power output is less than 10% from the peak values even when the substrate thickness is increased to 190 ${\mu}m$. Thus, for crystalline Si and GaAs with a relatively long recombination lifetime, extra efforts to be spent on thinning the substrate should be weighed against the expected actual gain in the solar cell output power.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the degree of adherence to the Korean Dietary Action Guides for Children (KDAGC). In a cross-sectional study based on a child care center-based survey in Seoul, Korea, we collected parental-reported questionnaires (n = 2,038) on children's weight and height, frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption, and the quality of dietary and activity behaviors based on the 2009 KDAGC Adherence Index (KDAGCAI) which was developed as a composite measure of adherence to the KDAGC. Overweight and obesity were determined according to age- and sex-specific BMI percentile from the 2007 Korean national growth chart. Associations were assessed with generalized linear models and polytomous logistic regression models. Approximately 17.6% of Korean preschool children were classified as overweight or obese. Obese preschoolers had lower adherence to the KDAGCAI compared to those with lean/normal weight. Preschoolers with a high quality of dietary and activity behaviors had a 51% decreased odds ratio (OR) of being obese (highest vs. lowest tertile of KDAGCAI-score, 95% CI 0.31, 0.78; P = 0.001); the associations were more pronounced among those who were older (P = 0.048) and lived in lower income households (P = 0.014). A greater frequency of vegetable consumption, but not fruit, was associated with a borderline significant reduction in the prevalence of obesity. Our findings support the association between obesity prevention and high compliance with the Korean national dietary and activity guideline among preschool children.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2012

유기성폐기물의 처리 방식은 친환경적이고 지속가능한 에너지 회수 및 슬러지 발생량의 저감이 가능한 혐기성 소화를 통한 에너지화로 전환되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 PFR 흐름(Plug Flow Reactor)과 수직 다단형 구조로 고농도 고형분과 높은 유기물 부하에 견딜 수 있도록 개발된 ECOPAD(ECOdays' Plug-flow Anaerobic Digster) 혐기성 소화 공법의 음식물 폐기물과 도계폐수에 대한 적용성과 효율을 파악하였다. 적용사례별 ECOPAD의 처리효율을 분석한 결과 P시와 S시의 음식물 폐기물 처리시설의 유기물 제거효율은(VS 기준 P시 84%, S시 88%) 였으며, 이때 발생하는 바이오가스량(P시: $1.1Nm^3/kg$-VSrem, S시 $1.0Nm^3/kg$-VSrem)과 메탄가스의 함유량(P시 70%, S시 71%)은 유사하게 측정되었다. 도계 폐수 슬러지의 경우 VS당 가스발생량은 $1.6Nm^3/kg$-VSrem로 측정되었으며, 메탄 함량은69%로 측정되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2020

Influenza viruses cause respiratory diseases in humans and animals with high morbidity and mortality rates. Conventional anti-influenza drugs are reported to exert side effects and newly emerging viral strains tend to develop resistance to these commonly used agents. Fritillaria thunbergii (FT) is traditionally used as an expectorant for controlling airway inflammatory disorders. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of FT extracts against influenza virus type A (H1N1) infection in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. In the post-treatment assay, FT extracts showed high CC50 (7,500 ㎍/ml), indicating low toxicity, and exerted moderate antiviral effects compared to oseltamivir (SI 50.6 vs. 222) in vitro. Antiviral activity tests in ovo revealed strong inhibitory effects of both FT extract and oseltamivir against H1N1 replication in embryonated eggs. Notably, at a treatment concentration of 150 mg/kg, only half the group administered oseltamivir survived whereas the FT group showed 100% survival, clearly demonstrating the low toxicity of FT extracts. Consistent with these findings, FT-administered mice showed a higher survival rate with lower body weight reduction relative to the oseltamivir group upon treatment 24 h after viral infection. Our collective results suggest that FT extracts exert antiviral effects against influenza H1N1 virus without inducing toxicity in vitro, in ovo or in vivo, thereby supporting the potential utility of FT extract as a novel candidate therapeutic drug or supplement against influenza.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.51-81
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• 2012

본 연구는 저소득층의 4년제 대학진학을 제약하는 두 가지 요인, 즉 등록금 납부여력 부족과 불우한 성장환경의 누적적 영향에 따른 학업능력 부족 중 무엇의 영향이 더 큰지 살펴보았다. 희귀분석 결과, 중학교 시기의 학업성취와 몇몇 가정배경 변수들은 유의한 반면, 이들 변인 통제 시 대학진학 시기의 가구소득은 4년제 대학 진학에 거의 영향을 주지 못했다. 또한 Carneiro and Heckman(2003)이 미국 고등교육 격차 원인규명을 위해 수행한 분석을 한국 상황에 적용해 본 결과, 학업능력 및 가정배경의 격차로 4년제대에 진학하지 못하는 비율이 등록금 납부가 어려워 진학하지 못하는 비율을 크게 능가했다. 이는 등록금 인하와 같은 단기적 제약요인의 완화만으로는 대입격차문제 해결이 힘듦을 시사한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2012

Objective : The study examined the difference in the incidence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm with magnesium supplementation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a Korean population. Methods : This retrospective analysis was performed in 157 patients diagnosed with aneurysmal SAH from January 2007 to December 2011 at a single center. Seventy patients (44.6%) received a combination treatment of nimodipine with magnesium and 87 patients (55.4%) received only nimodipine. A matched case-control study using propensity scores was conducted and 41 subjects were selected from each group. A dosage of 64 mmol/day of magnesium was administrated. Results : The infusion of magnesium did not reduce the incidence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (n=7, 17.1%, p=0.29) compared with simple nimodipine injection (n=11, 26.8%). The ratios of good clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale 0-2) at 6 months were similar, being 78% in the combination treatment group and 80.5% in the nimodipine only group (p=0.79). The proportions of delayed cerebral infarction was not significantly lower in patients with combination treatment (n=2, 4.9% vs. n=3, 7.3%; p=0.64). There was no difference in the serum magnesium concentrations between the patients with symptomatic vasospasm and without vasospasm who had magnesium supplementation. No major complications associated with intravenous magnesium infusion were observed. Conclusion : Magnesium supplementation (64 mmol/day) may not be beneficial for the reduction of the incidence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal SAH.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-105
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• 2004

본고는 저축을 통한 자가보험이나 실업급여가 현실적으로 제한되어 있는 상황에서 실직자에게 실업급여뿐 아니라 미래 연금을 담보로 한 대출을 허용하는 새로운 실업자 보호 제도를 제시하고 그 실증적 효과성을 패널자료에 의해 분석하고 있다. 이 제도는 실직자들이 미래 소득을 담보로 대출을 받아 효과적 자가보험을 갖도록 함으로써 실업급여에 비해 구직유인을 유지하게 할 뿐 아니라 소비 균등화 및 실직위험 부담 완화를 꾀할 수 있도록 한다. 본고는 경제활동인구조사에 근거한 1998~2002년 패널자료를 이용하여 시뮬레이션하였고 그 결과 기존 실업급여제도 하에서 보조를 받고 있는 저학력 계층도 실업급여보다는 연금담보 대출을 더 선호한다는 사실을 보고하고 있다. 이 결과는 연금담보 대출의 소비 균등화 및 구직유인 강화에 의한 후생증대 효과가 매우 강력함을 시사하고 있으며, 제한적인 효과밖에 갖지 못하는 기존 실업급여제도를 대체할 수 있는 새로운 실직자 보호정책 대안이 될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.194-204
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• 1999

The use of genetically cloned xylanase acquired from Bacillus strearthermophillus improves bleachability for oak kraft pulps. Combination of xylanase(X). oxygen(O), ozone(Z). peroxide(P), alkaline extraction(Eo. Eop), and chlorination(C/D, D) have been tested in a variety of bleaching sequences. The effectiveness of xylanase pre-treatment(XO) and post-treatment(OX) in oxygen bleaching is mainly compared. With xylanase treatment the brightness increase by 1.5-2.1% ISO in OZEP, OZEoP, OZEopP and OPZP sequences. There is only numerically difference of brightness gains between OX and XO sequences. With xylanase treatment chemical requirements for bleaching decrease by 42.6-48.6% in OC/DEoD sequence and 47.9-54.7% as active chlorine in OC/DEopD sequence at the same brightness. the reduction of bleaching chemicals is higher in XO sequence than those in OX sequence. Following xylanase treatment the viscosity increases from 11.7-12.0 mPa·s to 12.4-13.5 mPa·s and the brightness stability is considerably improved however the difference of effectiveness between XO and OX sequence is not present. Compared to tensile index vs tear index, the physical properties are similar for TCF bleaching sequences with and without xylanase treatments. However in OC/DEoD and OC/DEopD sequences the physical properties decrease with xylanase treatment. There is no difference in the physical properties between XO and OX sequences. COD, BOD and color of bleaching effluents increase slightly with xylanase treatment, however the discharge of COD end-load into environmental impact decrease.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in patients with multiple brain metastases and to investigate prognostic factors related to treatment outcome. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed clinico-radiological and dosimetric data of 36 patients with 4-14 brain metastases who underwent GKRS for 264 lesions between August 2008 and April 2011. The most common primary tumor site was the lung (n=22), followed by breast (n=7). At GKRS, the median Karnofsky performance scale score was 90 and the mean tumor volume was 1.2 cc (0.002-12.6). The mean prescription dose of 17.8 Gy was delivered to the mean 61.1% isodose line. Among 264 metastases, 175 lesions were assessed for treatment response by at least one imaging follow-up. Results : The overall median survival after GKRS was $9.1{\pm}1.7$ months. Among various factors, primary tumor control was a significant prognostic factor ($11.1{\pm}$1.3 months vs. $3.3{\pm}2.4$ months, p=0.031). The calculated local tumor control rate at 6 and 9 months after GKRS were 87.9% and 84.2%, respectively. Paddick's conformity index (>0.75) was significantly related to local tumor control. The actuarial peritumoral edema reduction rate was 22.4% at 6 months. Conclusion : According to our results, GKRS can provide beneficial effect for the patients with multiple (4 or more) brain metastases, when systemic cancer is controlled. And, careful dosimetry is essential for local tumor control. Therefore, GKRS can be considered as one of the treatment modalities for multiple brain metastase.