• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.108-118
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• 2009

In this paper we develop an indoor location tracking system and its 3D tracking monitoring viewer, viz., 3D Navigation Viewer (3DNV). We focus on the integration of an indoor location tracking system with the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), to facilitate a representation of the user's spatial information in virtual indoor environments that is synchronized with the physical location environment. The developed indoor location tracking system employs beacons as active transmitters, and a listener as a passive receiver. The distance information calculated from the difference speeds of RF and Ultrasonic signals is exploited, to determine the user's physical location. This is essential in supporting third parties like doctors and caregivers in identifying the activities and status of a particular individual via 3DNV. 3DNV serves as a unified user interface for an indoor location tracking system, showing the viewpoint and position of the target in virtual indoor environments. It was implemented using VRML, to provide an actual real time visualization of the target's spatial information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.556-558
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• 2000

최근 인터넷상에서 삼차원 가상세계를 기술하기 위한 VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) 문서의 효율적인 작성을 위해 다양한 VRML 저작도구들이 개발되어지고 있다. 이러한 기존의 VRML 저작도구들을 실세계에 존재하는 모든 객체들에 대한 다양한 형태의 가상세계를 저작할 수 있는 범용 저작도구들이다. 하지만, 특정의 특성을 가지는 삼차원 객체들로만 구성된 가상세계를 저작하는 경우에는 더욱더 편리한 저작도구를 개발할 수 잇다. 가상 건축물의 경우 외형이 주로 직선적이고, 모든 구성 객체들을 레이어(layer)로 쌓음으로써 구현할 수 있는 특성을 지닌다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 건축물 객체가 가지는 특성을 이용하여 전문가가 아닌 일반인도 웹 상에서 삼차원 가상 건축물을 쉽게 저작할 수 있는 저작도구를 설계하고 구현한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.164-170
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• 2012

A Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) database access in remote virtual reality control platform for dyeing enterprise $MiWi^{TM}$ thermal sensor network is presented in this paper. The VRML-ASP framework is introduced for 3D real-time data plotting in this application. The activities of thermal sensor nodes and sensor area are analyzed. The database access framework is optimized for $MiWi^{TM}$ wireless sensor networks. The experimental results show that VRML-ASP database access framework could be a reliable and competitive data-manage candidate for targeted virtual reality remote industrial visualization application.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.220-228
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• 2007

For many applications particularly in navigation system, a three-dimensional representation improves the usability of information. This paper introduces 3D Graphical User Interface (GUI) of indoor location tracking system, 3D Navigation View. The application provides users a 3D visualization of the indoor environments they are exploring, synchronized with the physical world through spatial information obtained from indoor location tracking system. It adopts widely used Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) to construct, represent, distribute and render 3D world of indoor environments over Internet. Java, an all-purpose programming language is integrated to comprehend spatial information received from indoor location tracking system. Both are connected through an interface called External Authoring Interface (EAI) provided by VRML. Via EAI, Java is given the authority to access and manipulate the 3D objects inside the 3D world that facilitates the indication of user's position and viewpoint in the constructed virtual indoor environments periodically.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2005

In order to evaluate the corrosion of reinforcing steel-bars (rebar) in concrete, a nondestructive evaluation by the half-cell potential method is currently applied. In this study, potentials measured on a concrete surface are compensated into those on the concrete-rebar interface by the inverse boundary element method (IBEM). Because these potentials are obtained three-dimensionally (3-D), 3-D visualization is desirable. To this end, a visualization system has been developed by using VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). As an application, results of a reinforced concrete (RC) slab with corroded rebars are visualized and discussed.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.550-557
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• 2003

In this study, a web-based system was developed by utilizing finite element method and virtual system designed using Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). The simulation program for axi-symetric sheet forming is developed using finite flement method. The developed system consists of two modules, client module and server module. The client module was developed by using Active-X control. The input data for FEM calculation is transferred to the server module by using communication protocol. Then sever module performs several successive processes: input data generation, forming simulation, conversion of results to VRML format. After that, the results from the simulation can be visualized on the web browser in client computer. Besides, client module offers the capability to control and navigate on virtual forming machine and calculated result. By using this system simulation result can be investigated more realistically in virtual environment including forming machine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2002

Recently, as advancing the technologies for Web 3D and Virtual Reality, the studies have been progressed actively to provide three dimensional information on the web. Especially, the various applications for providing urban information in 3D space have been developed using EAI(External Authoring Interface) that serves an interface between VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language), standard language for embodying virtual reality, and JAVA applet in HTML. In this study, as constructing 3D virtual city information using Digital Map, IKONOS satellite image, VRML and so on, we could provide users which need several information with building location and various urban living information. In addition, applying 3D skills such as texturing, panorama and navigation, users were enabled to perform various route searching and scenery analysis. Finally, to serve urban living information in real time, we designed to search information faster through interfacing database and to update data using ASP(Active Server Page) on web.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2007

In this paper we present 3-D Navigation View, a three-dimensional visualization of indoor environment which serves as an intuitive and unified user interface for our developed indoor location tracking system via Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) in web environment. The extracted user's spatial information from indoor location tracking system was further processed to facilitate the location indication in virtual 3-D indoor environment based on his location in physical world. External Authoring Interface (EAI) provided by VRML enables the integration of interactive 3-D graphics into web and direct communication with the encapsulated Java applet to update position and viewpoint of user periodically in 3-D indoor environment. As any web browser with VRML viewer plug-in is able to run the platform independent 3-D Navigation View, specialized and expensive hardware or software can be disregarded.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.569-574
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• 2001

인터넷상에서 가상현실을 표현하기 위한 그래픽스 포맷 표준화가 활발히 진행되고 있다. Virtual Reality Modeling Language 97 (VRML 97)은 이러한 표준화 노력으로 공인된 최근의 한 산물이며, 현재는 Web3D 컨소시움에서 VRML 확장 노드들을 추가하고 XML 문서 형식을 취하는 방향으로 VRML 97을 향상시킨 표준 포맷으로 발전시키기 위한 장을 마련하고 있다. VRML 확장을 위해 일반적으로 요구되는 중요한 요소 중 하나가 교화질의 이미지를 빠르게 얻는 것이다. 영상기반렌더링(Image-Based Rendering (IBR)) 기법은 이를 위한 좋은 방법 중 하나로, 우리는 이런 기능을 VRML에서 사용할 수 있는 VRML 확장 형태로 개발된 도구에 의해 데이터를 만들고 이를 지원하도록 VRML 브라우저를 수정하여, VRML 확장으로써의 IBR 기법의 유용성을 보이고자 한다.

• Journal of Ubiquitous Convergence Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2008

Representation of various types of information in an interactive virtual reality environment on mobile devices had been an attractive and valuable research in this new era. Our main focus is presenting spatial indoor location sensing information in 3D perception in mind to replace the traditional 2D floor map using handheld PDA. Designation of 3D virtual reality by Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) demonstrates its powerful ability in providing lots of useful positioning information for PDA user in real-time situation. Furthermore, by interpolating portal culling algorithm would reduce the 3D graphics rendering time on low power processing PDA significantly. By fully utilizing the CC2420 chipbased sensor nodes, wireless sensor network was established to locate user position based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) signals. Implementation of RSSI-based indoor tracking method is low-cost solution. However, due to signal diffraction, shadowing and multipath fading, high accuracy of sensing information is unable to obtain even though with sophisticated indoor estimation methods. Therefore, low complexity and flexible accuracy refinement algorithm was proposed to obtain high precision indoor sensing information. User indoor position is updated synchronously in virtual reality to real physical world. Moreover, assignment of magnetic compass could provide dynamic orientation information of user current viewpoint in real-time.