• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.213-232
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• 2014

Sensitivity to online store stimuli (VMD attributes) and response (online store loyalty) may depend upon consumers' regulatory focus (emotional state). In other words, consumers' sensitivity to online store atmosphere and consequent store loyalty can be influenced by the match between their regulatory focus (promotion focused vs. prevention focused) and the type of the online store VMD benefits Study 1 results indicate consumers have a different evaluation about online store atmosphere depending on their regulatory focus. Promotion-focused consumers were significantly more sensitive to visual appeal and entertainment attributes of online store atmospherics than prevention-focused consumers. Conversely, prevention-focused consumers were significantly more sensitive to security and privacy attributes of online store, than promotion-focused consumers. Study 2 results indicate for promotion-focused shoppers, hedonic value toward online store atmosphere was associated with greater online store loyalty. In contrast, prevention-focused shoppers were influenced more by the utilitarian attributes on online store loyalty than promotion-focused shoppers. The current findings indicate that shoppers with promotion-focused are more easily persuaded by visual and entertainment-oriented online store cues. Conversely, shoppers with prevention-focus are more easily persuaded by safety and privacy-oriented online store cues.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.386-395
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• 2014

This study was to identify underlying dimension of marketing strategy, and to examine effect of the marketing strategic factors on store affect, brand attitude, and brand loyalty in global and domestic SPA brands. Based on pilot study, four SPA brands of which consumers were most aware were selected: Korean SPAs (e.g., Codes-Combine, Basic House) and global brands (e.g., Zara and Uniqlo). A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on literatures. By using intercept survey, 421 respondents were obtained from consumers shopping at the selected SPA retail stores located in cities (Seoul, Daejon, Chongju) in Korea. Result showed that SPA brand marketing strategy consisted of four factors: Product differentiation, store location, in-store VMD, and price value. The marketing strategic factors had partially significant effects on brand attitude, store affect and store loyalty. However, there was significant differences in those effects between global and Korean SPA brands. Specifically, the effect of in-store VMD on brand attitude was higher in Korean SPA brands, whereas the effect of price value was higher in global SPA brand. Also, the price value was significant predictor of store affects in global SPAs, while in-store VMD was significant predictor of store loyalty in Korean SPA brands. This study discussed a managerial implication for creating brand attitude and emotional responses, which obtains comparative advantages in the competing marketplace.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.324-331
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• 2023

Latent fingerprints on wet paper cannot be developed using amino acid reaction reagents. Therefore, physical developer (PD) or lipid staining reagents like oil red O (ORO) should be utilized. However, ORO is not very effective in developing fingerprints that are older than approximately 4 weeks. On the other hand, PD performs well in developing older fingerprints, but it cannot do so for relatively fresh fingerprints. Additionally, PD has the disadvantage of taking a long time to develop fingerprints. In this study, in order to overcome the limitations of PD, we attempted to increase its reactivity by applying Ag-PD, which involves depositing silver onto paper using vacuum metal deposition (VMD), and compared this with fingerprints developed using ORO and PD. As a result, Ag-PD showed superior fingerprint development compared to ORO and PD on wet paper stored for 2~8 weeks, and the fingerprint development time for PD was significantly reduced to 90~150 seconds.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-97
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• 1987

Two nozzles with different size (Figure 2) were particularly designed to supply air through the swirl core into the central part of the liquid stream in the same parallel direction to produce a well-mixed air and water in the whirl chamber as spray liquid in bubble formation. Atomization was attempted to improve by using both the preliminary break-up process with less viscosity and less surface tension in the whirl chamber and the effects of increased frequency of the band of drops with the raised ambient air density in front of the nozzle orifice. The volumetric ratio between spray liquid and air on four levels was used to investigate the effects of air as a component of the mixture on atomization. The results of the experiment were summarized as follows; Droplet size became progressively finer as the operating pressure was increased in the range of $0.70kg/cm^2$ to $6.33kg/cm^2$, which was similar to the previous works. The new atomizing mechanism so-called 'air-center nozzle' gave a narrower range in droplet size distribution with smaller volumetric median diameter (VMD) than that of the existing spray system at a given pressure, which showed the possibility of improvement of atomization in a certain limit. The volumetric median diameter produced by the new atomizing mechanism was decreased from the central region toward the exterior edges across the spray pattern.