• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.228-233
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• 2004

A derailment coefficient of railway vehicle is as one of important element that estimate running safety. Derailment coefficient is ratio of lateral load/vertical load happens in contact point between wheel and rail. Lateral load increases, dangerous of derailment can rise. There are ground and vehicle to measurement method of these derailment coefficient. Method of ground is simple, but when vehicles passes data of a point, there is shortcoming that acquire locally. Curved surface style wheel shape that use so far among vehicle method in this research wishes to be not but describe about static load test of wheel-set for derailment coefficient measurement that have plane plate shape that manufacture separate way and correction result etc. to test.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

The collapsing accidents of greenhouse frames have been increased yearly due to strong wind and heavy snow, but as it was, there were few studies about the structural safety of greenhouses. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop the stress tolerant structural frame systems in built-up greenhouses. The vertical loading experiment of developed scale models were implemented and the developed types of models were simulated by 3-D analysis program in this study. These types of models, which are existing type and honeycomb type, in arch and standard style frames were classified. As a result of this study, it was verified that the honeycomb type model of arch style frame is better than the existing type model of it in stress resistance against snow load and wind load.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.4 s.103
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• pp.65-81
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• 2006

This is the study on the costumes of Parthian Period in Persia which had powerful influences on the Occidental and Western cultures in B.C 3 to A.D 3. With different types of Parthian costumes in each period, this study shows what types of costumes people used to wear and how they were co-related with its surrounding cultures. The ancient costumes of Korea had something to do with the elements of the Northern part at that time. To make an intensive study of Korean ancient costumes, these Parthian costumes which are known to those of northern nomadic tribes are studied to provide basis elements for study between the Korean styles and the exotic styles. The basic forms of the Parthian styles were jackets and trousers. They consisted of three kinds of jackets such as those to be adjusted In the front, tunics and coats. As for trousers, they were divided into three types such as those with horizontal pleats, round-side pleats and vertical pleats. 1) The jacket to be adjusted in the front was long enough to reach the hip and fit the body reasonably tight, and its neckline was shaped into V-type. It was a very popular style among the people of high and low classes. 2) The tunics had narrow sleeves. It was a one-piece pattern which reached the knees. It was settled with a belt on the waist. Its neckline was shaped into the round but its slit was not cleat. Its styles were into tight-fit and drapery ones. 3) The coats were almost similar to the jacket to be adjusted in the front with short length, but they were entirely long and open. They appeared later than the short jackets and the people of high class seemed to wear these styles. 4) 1'rousers with horizontal pleats - They had almost horizontal pleats on them, and they were a little tight. They seemed to be the early style in the Parthian period. 5) Trousers with round side-pleats - With saggy side pleats on them, these trousers had round pleats like a drapery style. This pattern was also considered Hellenistic elements shown in the Parthian costumes. The trousers consisted of the underdrawers and the leggings (called salwar or shalwar), which is thought to emphasize its functionality for its wearer to mount a horse with more ease. 6) Trousers with vertical pleats - With straight vertical pleats on them, these trousers had some volumes and bias decorations in the middle of them. These styles were thought to be worn by the ruling class of the Parthia from early to late period.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

As a part of the research on existing structures of private homes from Joseon Era. Focusing on one hundred twenty five-purlin houses, the current study investigated the features and characteristics of the house structure from style, size, proportion and roof pitch, and measurements of key parts, and developed the following conclusions. Most are single-houses (89, 83%), and among them, there are 47 single front-terrace houses (39%), which is the highest number. The sizes of lower house structure do not differ greatly depending on the vertical structure, and single rear terrace house and double-house have relatively larger side sizes. The size of upper structure is larger in double-houses compared to other vertical structures, indicating a relatively higher roof. The cross-section measurement of major parts show that double-houses are larger than single-houses by 3cm in pillar, 3-4.5cm in crossbeam length, and 4.5cm in crossbeam width. However, Janghyeo width was consistent at 7.5 to 10.5cm, maintaining uniformity regardless of vertical structure of the houses. In addition, the cross-section measurements decreased from sixteenth to nineteenth century, with the size of pillar size decreasing the most. The result that the Janghyeo width is not related to the house structure house confirmed that the Janghyeo width was kept consistent regardless of the size of the house structure.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of change in the composition of indoor spaces in Korean-style houses which have been repaired and improved extensively through the 'Bukchon Improvement Project' and are being utilized for public purposes. For this, we conducted a field survey through visiting the house sites from the 5th to the 26th of May, 2006. Conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. Bukchon Korean-style houses maintain centripetal space composition, in which the rooms surround the court. Centering on the court, the hierarchy of spaces is determined, and the hierarchy of spaces and the composition of internal layout are restructured centering on the court and the main hall without change in direction and position. The main hall is sometimes converted to a room, but it maintains an open space relation with other spaces centering on the court, and therefore, even after its use has been changed, it is still the most Korean-style space. In addition, with floor heating, the common sitting-style life is maintained continuously although the rooms have been converted and standing-style furniture is used. In this way, publicly promoted policies for Korean-style houses are allowed within the limit that the appearance is maintained and the internal spaces do not change the overall structure. However, in order to maintain the tradition of Korean-style houses and utilize them as various spaces, the following supplementations are necessary. First, the main hall and the inner court of a Koreanstyle house should be utilized actively. The court sometimes keeps individuals' privacy or expands the space by extending the view to outdoor spaces, and is sometimes used as an open space through interconnection between the inside and the outside of the house. Second, consideration should be given to vertical spaces. Horizontal expansion causes a change of floor plan. Thus, space should be secured using various cross-sectional changes, such as a kitchen and a loft over the kitchen. Third, structure should be changeable in order to adjust the size of spaces. Thus, through research on traditional windows, we need to develop changeable walls that can be installed and removed easily according to the use of spaces.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2008

In case of unit testing, White-box test can be used to closely check source code and to analyze logic and statement errors. On the other hand, in case of function testing of system level, Black-box test can be mainly used to compare actual and expected results by inputting test data because the scale of function is large. This Black-Box test in system testing level has problem in tracing errors in source code when we find errors. Moreover applying White-box test is not easy for system testing level because the levels of test target are different. Therefore this paper suggests the vertical test method of a practical and integrated system level which can checks up to source code level using White-box test style although it aims to test the highly abstract level like a system function. In addition, the experiment explains how to apply the vertical test by displaying an example which traces from UML specification model to the source code and also shows efficiency of error trace.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

In case of general residential house, photovoltaic can be installed at roof, wall, and any other places. But, in case of apartment building, there has not enough roof space to install photovoltaic panels to supply enough electricity. Actually, apartment building roof and facade wall (exclude the balcony window space) is not enough space to produce and supply the electricity to residents by installing PV panel. Generally, the space of facade balcony with windows in facade wall at apartment building occupied about $70{\sim}80%$, in all facade space. So, if we could use the balcony and windows space in facade as PV to generating electricity, there could contribute the energy saying. But, PV cell is opacify. So if it installed at front window area in apartment building, residents may have displeasure for that opacity character. But the other hand, residents are not always in house especially in day time that is exactly good time for generating electricity by PV. If we can use PV at the facade balcony with window without collusion of resident's displeasure, there have good attraction to using sustainable energy. Hence, this study suggests the design of facade balcony window style PV by considering resident's living pattern in apartment building. The methods of this study are as follows. At first, this study surveyed to the residents about residential time in their home and asked user demand by Delphi survey. At second, this study designed balcony open style PV system which oriented to the user demand. At third, this study tests designed result performance by computer simulation that compared design result with old design. As a result, For the purpose of satisfying the resident demand, there designed sliding window style which slide the several door systems to the one side. That would be make balcony absolute open scenery to the residents. Hence, the designed system performance results were as follows. When we compare the small apartment and large apartment, smaller one has good performance than larger one. Because resident's residential time characteristic. And that has more good electronic performance than vertical style that is similar to roof style.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.150-160
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• 2010

The origin of the Roman public basilica is Rome's indigenous style morphologically but actually it seems that developed the Greek semi-open style stoa into the Roman practical interior space. In the early ages, the arrangement of Roman forum had been planned high symbolical temple as the center but gradually changed into the basilica centered which were used often by citizen. Through the Roman period, the important types of early Roman basilica have Fano basilica in the first century BC, Pompei basilica of mid period in the first century AD, Doclear basilica with apse as late type in the second century AD. Pompei type well characterized the feature of Roman public basilica among them. The result of the floor plan analysis shows that the long side access to the interior space is over 76 percent of examples and nearly 70 percent have no apse and the average of vertical horizontal length ratio presents as 1:2.3. The typical plan of Roman public basilica can be defined that most of access are being entered from one of the long side, and most of basilica have no apse, and normally having inner columns arranged in one or more concentric rectangles around nave as a center.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 2011

This study was carried out to the development of ecological planting model to make up of coastal windbreak forest on the Suncheon-bay in Sucheon-si, Korea. Make up of coastal windbreak forest in this site was needed for appropriate bioresource, biodiversity and ecological structure, and for conservation of the eco-tour resource and protection of human life and property by the unforeseen disaster from the coast. Based on the plant-social principle, the planting model of windbreak forest was developed to facilitate growth of trees, considering planting locations. The ecological planting model for the coastal windbreak was composed of warm temperate evergreen and windbreak forest which is spreading around the inland area in Korea. The horizontal forest style was composed of forest edge community and inner forest community, and the vertical forest style was composed of upper, middle, low and ground planting class. The target of the present model was quasi-natural forest, and the species of tree were selected based on the adaptability to surroundings depending on a goal to create a forest and forest style. To achieve both functions of wind break forest and visual effect in short period of time, small trees and seedlings were planted with high-density of 40,000/ha in an expectation of easy natural maintenance in the future. The significance of the present study is a suggestion for a guideline to create ecological coastal windbreak forest in the Suncheon-bay in which the harmony of human life and the ecological conservation is of great importance. Also, the ecological coastal windbreak forest model should be developed further through the long term monitoring after construction of forest.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.254-263
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• 2012

This study found out the change of spacial form of detached house in Korea on a 10-year basis from 1980s though analysis on the architecture of each period. For the subject houses of this study, the detached houses introduced repeatedly as excellent cases in technical journals for architecture were collected among those completed by architects who designed numerous houses and a survey was conducted on 18 detached houses of 18 architects among the in urban style houses in Seoul and suburban style houses in the suburbs of Seoul. Through this study, it could be found that, as the morphological application of traditional architecture was settled with spatial concept, the external spatial form of the detached houses in Korea after 1980s was changed to westernized form but the internal spacial form had been continuously changing suitable to our emotion by reflecting the living habit and taste with the traditional attitude to perceive and accept the nature. As for the change in the forms of interior space, vertical space with more than two floors became common. Front porch and stair hall, which were located at the center of a house and became an important spacial element that overlapped family's moving line, changed to open and bright space that used transparent glass and increased the space to contact the open air, reflecting our living habit and taste that preferred the feeling of internal openness. A Private space, main room, was more segmented and luxurious, and a public space, living room, secured the independency by getting close to symbolic yard. As for the change in the form of exterior space, the form of façade window has been changing in its location and size and brought free images due to the advancement of technology and material. The shape of roofs was borrowed from western style and a lot of geometrical forms that break away from the concept of angle rater and eaves are appearing.