• Trans-
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• v.1
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• pp.141-166
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• 2016

France owns a unique film production process with the big share of public funding. In its background there is the most developed film support scheme in the world. We consider the French film industry has the fair competition order than any other country. This study follows the French film production process from the project planning to film screening. It looks into various aspects French cinema: production scale of French films, investment/production agreement, actors casting, decision of the film budget, major investors, staffs' wages and collective convention, screening, overseas sales and profit-sharing. It aims to get across the French film industry, especially the film production sector. As a case study, we choose a romantic comedy, Heartbreaker(L'Arnacœur) made in 2010. This study presents a French film industry structure. It will give you some hints to reconsider the existing problems of Korean film industry, for example, screen monopoly, vertical integration of conglomerates, poor secondary market, low earnings rate… etc.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2015

A strategy is needed for a regional survey of geosynchronous orbits (GSOs) to monitor known space objects and detect uncataloged space objects. On the basis of the Inter-Agency Debris Committee's recommendation regarding the protected region of geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO), target satellites with perigee and apogee of $GEO{\pm}200km$ and various inclinations are selected for analysis. The status of the GSO region was analyzed using the satellite distribution based on the orbital characteristics in publicly available two-line element data. Natural perturbation effects cause inactive satellites to drift to two stable longitudinal points. Active satellites usually maintain the designed positions as a result of regular or irregular maneuver operations against their natural drift. To analyze the detection rate of a single optical telescope, 152 out of 412 active satellites and 135 out of 288 inactive satellites in the GSO region were selected on the basis of their visibility at the observation site in Daejeon, Korea. By using various vertical view ranges and various numbers of observations of the GSO region, the detection efficiencies were analyzed for a single night, and the numbers of follow-up observations were determined. The orbital estimation accuracies were also checked using the arc length and number of observed data points to maintain the GSO satellite catalog.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 2009

The blasting has a lot of economic efficiency and speediness but it can damage to a neighbor structure, a domestic animal and a cultured fish due to the blasting vibration, then the public grievance is increased. Therefore, we need to manage the blasting vibration efficiently. The prediction of the correct vibration velocity is not easy because there are lots of different kinds of the scale of blasting vibration and it has a number of a variable effect. So we figure the optimum line through the least-squares regression by using the vibration data measured in hard rock blasting and compared with the design vibration prediction equation. As a result, we confirm that the vibration estimated in this paper is bigger than the design vibration prediction equation in the same charge and distance. If there is a Gaussian normal distribution data on the left-right side of the least squares regression, then we can estimate the vibration prediction equation on reliability 50%(${\beta}=0$), 90%(${\beta}=1.28$), 95%(${\beta}=1.64$). 99.9%(${\beta}=3.09$). As a result, it appears to be suitable that the reliability is 99% at the transverse component, the reliability 95% is at the vertical component, the reliability 90% is at the longitudinal component and the reliability is 95% at the peak vector sum component.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2013

Finite element analysis and welding experiments were performed to evaluate deformation aspect for Flux Cored Arc Welding(FCAW) and Electro Gas Welding(EGW). Numerical researches of FCAW and EGW were performed considering the difference of number of welding pass and welding direction to arc flow. To perform the numerical study of FCAW and EGW, number of welding pass and welding direction to arc flow were considered in the finite element model. FCAW process requires multi pass and its welding direction is vertical to welding torch. On the other hand, EGW process requires single pass and its welding direction is parallel to welding torch. The difference of welding direction and heat input was considered in the finite element analysis. In FCAW process, Goldak's double ellipsoidal heat input model was adopted. In the EGW process, Hemi-spherical power density distribution was adopted. In the results of experiment and finite element analysis, angular deformation of FCAW process is larger than that of EGW process.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.392-404
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• 2020

The focus of this study was to quantify the thermal stratification and analyze the relationship between the stratification structure and the tributaries to understand flow variations in the Paldang Reservoir. The vertical distribution of the temperature and density gradients, and the depth and thickness of the thermocline were quantitatively calculated using a lake physics tool (rLakeAnalyzer) and high-frequency monitoring data. Based on a density gradient of 0.2 kg/㎥/m, the thermocline was formed from mid-May to early-September 2019 and the other periods were weakly stratified or mixed. The thickness of the thermocline was developed until 4.7 m and the depth of the thermocline was formed at a depth of 3 - 6 m at the front of the Paldang Reservoir. During the formation of the thermocline, the Namhangang and Gyeongancheon tributaries with relatively high water temperature (low-density) flowed into the upper layer of the reservoir, and the Bukhangang tributary with low water temperature (high-density) mainly affected the lower layer of the reservoir. This is because the density currents were formed due to the difference in the water temperature of the tributaries. The findings of this study may be used for constructing high-frequency monitoring and quantitative data analyses of reservoirs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.276-280
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• 2016

This study investigated luring distributions by water layer of common squid which were targeted by angling fishing vessels equipped with LED and metal-halide lamps using a scientific echosounder with a 120 kHz frequency in order to develop energy-effective underwater fish aggregation devices. In the analysis, angles of a transducer were changed from $0^{\circ}$ to $45^{\circ}$ and were rotated every $10^{\circ}$ horizontally. It was shown that common squid were densely distributed from the surface to 40 m and they were also distributed in directions of $10^{\circ}{\sim}+30^{\circ}$, $-30^{\circ}{\sim}-60^{\circ}$, and $-120^{\circ}{\sim}-130^{\circ}$with the head of vessel as the center. Comparative results of angles of transducer on acoustical densities of common squid distributing in 21~40 m water depth showed an average $101.8m^2/nm^2$ in vertical direction of $0^{\circ}$, $12.3m^2/nm^2$ in angle of $30^{\circ}$, and $42.4m^2/nm^2$ in angle of $45^{\circ}$, respectively. It implied that more considerations on acoustic scattering strength by incidence angle direction of the transducer and swimming oriental angle direction of common squid would be required.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.235-243
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• 2016

This study is a preliminary study to suggest a distinguished fitted sloper according to body types. To this end, this study classified body types of men in their 20s in an attempt to examine the characteristics of each type. A total of 842 adult men of age 20 to 29 were studied by using the direct measurement data taken in the 6th Size Korea. The subjects' body types were classified based on 48 measurements. We extracted a total of six factors that characterized the body types of adult men in their 20s: horizontal size, vertical length, shoulder development, trunk area length, hip area length and shoulder slope. Result of the cluster analysis, the body shapes of men in their 20s were classified into four types. We developed the overlapped silhouettes for each of the four body types and compared the front and side shapes to clearly identify the differences of each body types. The findings of this study indicated that Korean adult men in their 20s can be classified into the big inverted triangular type that represents healthy and muscular men, the small inverted triangular type that represents short and skinny men, the triangular type that represents men with abdominal obesity, and the rectangular type that represents men that are fat overall, with a fairly even distribution of each body type.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 1998

For detailed characterization of scattering losses occurring in VCSEL's distributed Bragg reflectors, we performed scattering experiment and obtained the information about surface roughness through the analysis of a modified transmission matrix method. The various wafers grown for VCSELs were used for the scattering experiment. The fractal surface assumption and extrapolation is used to estimate the scattered intensity near specular angle. The modified transmission matrix method employed in the analysis considers the scattering loss at each interface and calculates the reflectivity efficiently and easily. As a result, the surface roughness ranges from $4{\AA}$ to $10{\AA}$ The reduction of reflectivity due to the scattering amounts to 0.26% in case of $10{\AA}$ roughness.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the curling behavior of long-span pavement slabs under environmental loads. By developing and using finite element models of the long-span pavement slabs, the stress distribution and the effects of slab length, slab thickness, stiffness of underlying layers, and the restraints of the slab ends on the curling behavior were analyzed. In addition, the field experiments were performed with the actual long-span pavement slab to obtain the curling behavior of the real structure under environmental loads. As a result of this study, it was found that the vertical displacements of the long-span pavement slab along the centerline due to the curling behavior were zero except for the areas near the slab ends, and the curling stresses were maximum and constant where the displacements were zero. The slab length and the stiffness of underlying layers did not affect the maximum curling stresses. The restraints at the slab ends made the curling stresses occur near the slab ends, but did not much affect the maximum curling stresses.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2009

We examined the vertical distribution of specific microbial groups and the patterns of microbial community structure within the soil profile using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA). Samples were collected from the soil surface down to 15 cm in depth from paddy and upland fields located in Daegu, Korea. The two fields have been fertilized with only chemical fertilizers N, P, K for 33 years. Principal component analysis of the PLFA signatures indicated that the composition of the soil microbial communities changed significantly with the cultivation practices and soil depth, suggesting that cultivation practices of paddy and upland fields had more significant influence on soil microbial community than the soil depth did. The soil microbial communities changed more drastically with soil depth in upland field than in paddy field, with making thicker soil surface in paddy field in terms of soil microbial community. The ratios of cyclopropyl/monoenoic precursors and total saturated/total monounsaturated fatty acids increased with soil depth, suggesting that the deeper soil horizons are more carbon-limited and anaerobic than surface soil. The community analysis using PLFAs as biomarkers revealed that Gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes tended to increase in proportional abundance with increasing soil depth, while the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were highest at the soil surface and substantially lower in the subsurface.