• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2014

Directly searching for undiscovered hydrothermal vent sites is inefficient due to the practical difficulty of comprehensively imaging vent fields. Thus, most searches for hydrothermal vent sites rely on the detection of hydrothermal plumes from water column observation. Detecting and measuring the hydrothermal plumes are the most efficient way to infer the presence and distribution of hydrothermal vents. Both the array of vertical casting and lateral towing are the most common methods to discover hydrothermal plumes. In this study, we compared results of cast and tow-yo operations along the same section of a spreading center with a distance of 20.5 km in the North Fiji Basin for mapping hydrothermal plumes. Operation of CTD tow-yo provides a detailed pattern of plumes which enable us to locate the hydrothermal vents. On the other hand, identification of hydrothermal activity can be determined effectively by CTD cast with additional analysis of geochemical tracers. Reduction in the operating time is another advantage of CTD cast operation, especially for regional-scale survey. Our results show that the combination of CTD cast and tow-yo would improve the efficiency of the hydrothermal plume survey to locate new hydrothermal vent sites.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of atmospheric stability on near-field pollutant dispersion from rooftop emissions of a single cubic building using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This paper used the shear stress transport (here after SST) k-${\omega}$ model for predicting the flow and pollutant dispersion around an isolated cubic building. CFD simulations were performed with two emission rates and six atmospheric stability conditions. The results of the simulations were compared with the data from wind tunnel experiments and the result of simulations obtained by previous studies in neutral atmospheric condition. The results indicate that the reattachment length on the roof ($X_R$) obtained by computations show good agreement with the experimental results. However, the reattachment length of the rooftop of the building ($X_F$) is greatly overestimated compared to the findings of wind tunnel test. The result also shows that the general distribution of dimensionless concentration given by SST k-${\omega}$ at the side and leeward wall surfaces is similar to that of the experiment. In unstable conditions, the length of the rooftop cavity was decreased. In stable conditions, the horizontal velocity in the lower part around the building was increased and the vertical velocity around the building was decreased. Stratification increased the horizontal cavity length and width near surface and unstable stratification decreased the horizontal cavity length and width near surface. Maintained stability increases the lateral spread of the plume on the leeward surface. The concentration levels close to the ground's surface under stable conditions were higher than under unstable and neutral conditions.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2008

The species composition and variation of benthic marine algae at Daejin and Jukbyeon on the mid-east coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from August 2006 to April 2007. As a result, the total of 85 species, including 8 chlorophytes, 26 phaeophytes, 50 rhodophytes and 1 sea grass were identified. 52 species were found at Daejin and 74 species at Jukbyeon. Dominant species in importance value were Corallina pilulifera, Chondrus ocellatus, melobesioidean algae, Sargassum horneri, Sargassum yezoense and Phyllospadix japonica at Daejin, and Corallina pilulifera, melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica, Acrosorium polyneurum, Sargassum siliquastrum and Hizikia fusiformis at Jukbyeon, respectively. The vertical distribution of algae were characterized by Corallina pilulifera, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp. (S. siliquastrum, S. yezoense) and Symphyocladia latiuscula at intertidal zone, Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. serratifolium, S. yezoense), melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica and Corallina pilulifera at 1 m depth, melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica and Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. yezoense) at 5 m depth and melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica and Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. micracanthum, S. yezoense) at 10 m depth.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 연속방정식, 운동량방정식, 2차흐름의 연직분포식, 횡방향 하상경사식 등을 이용하여 단일만곡수로 뿐만 아니라 연속만곡수로에서 흐름특성과 하상변동을 분석할 수 있는 수치모형을 계산하였다. 단일만곡수로에서는 흐름특성치와 하상변동을 실험치와 비교하였으며, 연속만곡수로에서는 최대유속의 이동경로를 Vadnal 수치모형의 계산치, Chang의 실험치와 비교하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 중심각 $180^{\circ}$ 인 유로만곡부에서 고정상 및 이동상의 조건으로 실험을 실시하였으며, 하상재료로는 모래와 안트라싸이트를 선택하였다. 모래와 안트라싸이트의 경우에도 실험치와 계산치가 비교적 일치하고 있어서 하상재료가 변화되는 유로만곡부에서도 수치모형의 적용성을 확인하였다. 이 연구는 유로만곡부의 설계, 시공, 유지 및 관리 등에 필요한 흐름특성과 하상변동에 관한 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 투과성 잠제의 형상 및 평면배치에 따른 방류 흐름제어 기능을 분석하기 위하여 유체 투과성 구조물 해저지반의 비선형 상호간섭을 직접해석 할 수 있는 PBM (Porous Body Model) 기반의 3차원 수치파동수조(NWT; numerical water tank) LES-WASS-3D를 이용하였다. 먼저 이용하는 LES-WASS-3D의 타당성 및 유효성을 확보하기 위하여 투과성 구조물를 통과하는 댐 붕괴파의 전파특성에 관한 수리모형실험과 계산결과를 비교 분석하였다. 투과성 잠제를 고려한 방류시뮬레이션으로부터 투과성 잠제의 적절한 형상 및 평면배치는 방류유속을 저감하고 흐름을 유도하는 데 상당히 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 투과성 잠제의 형상 및 평면배치에 따른 흐름제어에 대한 적용성은 평균류분포, 연직유속분포를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권1C호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 정지 영상의 압축 방식인 JPEG2000에서 영상의 질을 일정하게 유지하면서 부호화 시간을 단축시키는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 전체 이미지의 주파수 분포를 추정하여 출력 비트스트림을 위한 최적의 자름점(Truncation Point)을 찾아 선택된 비트플레인만 부호화하는 방법이다. 다해상도의 특징을 갖는 웨이블렛은 각각의 해상도마다 수직, 수평 및 대각선 주파수 성분을 얻을 수 있다. 이 주파수 상관관계는 전체 레벨에서 유지되며 입력영상에 따라 고유한 주파수 특징을 나타낸다. 따라서, 최상위 레벨의 주파수 관계로 각각의 코드블럭에서 부호화할 비트를 예측하여 적절한 자름점을 선택할 수 있어 부호화 시간을 단축시켰다. 또한 명도 성분보다는 에너지가 작은 컬러 성분에서 부호화 되지 않는 하위 레벨은 단순한 다운 샘플링만으로 저주파 통과 필터를 대신함으로써 부호화 시간을 줄이는 성과를 보였다. 이러한 제안된 알고리즘으로 부호화 시간을 약 15~36% 줄였으며 PSNR을 30$\pm$0.5㏈로 유지하였다.

• 대기
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.317-338
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• 2008

Analyses of observational data and numerical simulations were performed to understand the mechanism of MCSs (Mesoscale Convective Systems) occurred on 13-14 July 2004 over Jindo area of the Korean Peninsula. Observations indicated that synoptic environment was favorable for the occurrence of heavy rainfall. This heavy rainfall appeared to have been enhanced by convergence around the Changma front and synoptic scale lifting. From the analyses of storm environment using Haenam upper-air observation data, it was confirmed that strong convective instability was present around the Jindo area. Instability indices such as K-index, SSI-index showed favorable condition for strong convection. In addition, warm advection in the lower troposphere and cold advection in the middle troposphere were detected from wind profiler data. The size of storm, that produced heavy rainfall over Jindo area, was smaller than $50{\times}50km^2$ according to radar observation. The storm developed more than 10 km in height, but high reflectivity (rain rate 30 mm/hr) was limited under 6 km. It can be judged that convection cells, which form cloud clusters, occurred on the inflow area of the Changma front. In numerical simulation, high CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) was found in the southwest of the Korean Peninsula. However, heavy rainfall was restricted to the Jindo area with high CIN (Convective INhibition) and high CAPE. From the observations of vertical drop size distribution from MRR (Micro Rain Radar) and the analyses of numerically simulated hydrometeors such as graupel etc., it can be inferred that melted graupels enhanced collision and coalescence process of heavy precipitation systems.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.193-206
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• 1993

쇄파대(碎波帶)에서 undertow에 관한 해석적(解釋的) 모형(模型)을 제시(提示)하였다. 유도(誘導)된 기초방정식(基礎方程式)의 각 항(項)은 크기 비교(比較)로 평가(評價)되었으며, 이에 따라 난류법선응력(亂流法線應力)와 streaming velocity 항(項)이 무시(無視)될 수 있었다. undertow의 기동력(起動力)이 되는 파종성분(波動成分)의 각 항(項)은 Chebyshev 4차(次) 다항식(多項式)으로 근사(近似)한 파형(波形)으로 산정(算定)하였다. 그리고 과동점성계수(過動點性係數)의 연직분포(鉛直分布)를 3가지 형태(形熊)의 함수(凾數)로 가정(假定)하였으며, 과동점성계수(過動點性係數)의 상수(常數)는 새로운 경계조건(境界條件)을 도입(導入)하여 결정(決定)하였다. 그 결과(結果), undertow의 해(解)를 구하는데 필요한 인력(入力) 매개변수(媒介變數)가 간단화(簡單化) 되었다. 여러가지 수리실험자료(水理實驗資料)와 본(本) 모형(模型)의 해(解)를 비교(比較)한 결과(結果), 저면경사(底面傾斜)가 완만(緩慢)할수록 그리고 과동점성계수(過動點性係數)의 연직분포(鉛直分布)를 선형함수(線形凾數)로 가정(假定)하였을 때 좋은 결과(結果)를 나타내었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2011

The benthic algal community structures of the seaweed biomass, vertical distribution of dominant seaweeds, and species composition were examined on the rocky shores of Ongdo, Jusamdo, and Woejodo Islands, Korea, in August 2006. A total of 68 seaweeds were identified, comprising 5 green, 11 brown, and 52 red algae from the three study sites. The number of species at Ongdo (32 species) was less than that at Jusamdo (45 species) and Woejodo (44 species). Jusamdo exhibited the maximum seaweed biomass (73.99 g dry $wt/m^2$), while the minimum value was found at Woejodo (36.90 g dry $wt/m^2$). On the three islands, coarsely branched forms were the most dominant functional group in terms of species number and biomass among benthic algal species. The dominant species were Gelidium amansii, Chondrus ocellatus, and Chrysymenia wrightii at Ongdo, Sargasum thunbergii, Ulva pertusa, and Sargassum fusiformis at Jusamdo, and U. pertusa, Undaria pinnatifida, and Corallina pilulifera at Woejodo. Perennial seaweeds were abundant at Ongdo (G. amansii and C. ocellatus) and Jusamdo (S. thunbergii and S. fusiformis), whereas the sheet form of U. pertusa was relatively abundant at Woejodo Island.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.293-301
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of load on root that was applied to edentulous area in three simulated situation, in each case the guiding planes of abutment were right vertical, 95 degrees, or 100 degrees to residual ridge. The 2-dimensional finite element method was used and the finite element model was prepared as fellows. Right mandibular 1st and 2nd molar was lost and the 2nd premolar with distal rest was used as primary abutment which had three different degrees of guiding plane. Then 150N of compressive force was applied to central fossae of the 1st and 2nd molars and von Mises stress and displacement was measured. The results were as follows; 1. Irrespective of slopes of guiding planes, the stress was concentrated on mesial side of root apex and distal side of coronal portion of root, in particular on junction with distal alveolar bone. As slopes of guiding planes were increased. stress on root and compact bone surrounding abutment was increased but no considerable effect was seen on compact bone of residual ridge. 2. Distal side of coronal portion of root limited by periodontal ligament was displaced distally and mesial side of apical portion was mesially. With slope of guiding plane increasing, the pattern of displacement was similar with one another but the quantity was increased. 3. Both abutment & alveolar bone were displaced downward and root of abutment, especially distal side of coronal portion, was displaced severely. As the guiding plane was tiffed more mesially over $90^{\circ}$, the degree of displacement was also increased.