• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_1호
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• pp.435-448
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• 1998

The phytosociological investigation was carried out at 32 sites of the riparian vegetation in Musim-Chon stream passed through Choengju-City, Chungcheongbuk-Province by Braun-Blanquet's method from August to October, 1997. The flora of vascular plants in this survey was 202 species. The riparian vegetation was classified into 25 communities as follows. The submerged hydrophytes are Potomogeton malaianus var. latifolius community, Potomogeton crispus community, Myriophyllum verticillatum community-Hydrilla verticillata community and Ceratophyllum demersum community. The floating-leaved hydrophyte is Trapa japonica community. The emerged hydrophytes are Phragmites communis community, Perzicaria thunbergii community, Phragmites japonica community, Oenanthe javanica community, Zizania latifolia community and Persicaria hydropiper community. The herbaceous vegetation of floodplain are Artemisia montana community, Humulus japonicus community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Erigeron anmus community, Impatiens balsamina community, Bidens frondosa community, Setaria viridis community, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community and Eragrostis ferruginea community. The woody vegetation of floodplain are Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Stephanandra incisa community and Clematis apiifolia community. The species diversity was low in the upper and down stream, while the diversity was high in the mid stream situated at the center of Choengju-City because of frequent disturbance by citizens. These results suggested that distribution of communities and species diversity was closely related to the disturbance.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to minimize the forest disturbance around an entry road of a power transmission tower construction site between Taean and Sinsesan, Chungnam. The main study field was classified into existing materials and a GIS, remote sensing analysis, and a field examination. This information was used to identify the most suitable entry road using a degree of green naturality map, eco-naturality map, actual vegetation map, and a forest state map as the existing materials. Also, the study used an normalized difference vegetation index, altitude and slope map in order to make the evaluation materials which used an remote sensing image, and GIS. This data was used to choose an optimum area, and diagnosed the current condition of the vegetation with a field survey of the area. It analyzed vegetation structure, species diversity, the age of trees in a field examination. Subsequently, we proposed four area types based on the analysis results--preservation area, transplantation area, restoration area and development area. As a result, the preservation area was categorized into 8 grades, according to the degree of green naturality, large area of breast diameter at Pinus densiflora community, competition area of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. and Quercus spp. community of over 20 years old. A transplantation area established 46 optimum areas according to the GIS analysis and vegetation investigation results. Vegetation restoration plan for disturbance area should be made based on ecological value of existing vegetation to worthwhile area as Quercus spp. mixing forest proposed. The development area selected a ecological worthless place as an artificial forest where Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii growth is poor. This research results suggest that restoration of vegetation will be possible in the real world. Also, ecological restoration guidelines will be made through building and analyzing data base and routine monitoring of transplantation and restoration area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2002

등산객에 의한 많은 간섭을 받아온 설악산 대청봉의 아고산생태계에서 훼손된 식생의 복원에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 인간에 의한 답압에 따른 입지인자와 식생의 변화를 파악하였다. 본 조사지역에서 인간에 의한 간섭은 경사도 10° 미만의 완만한 남사면 지역에서 두드러졌다. 인간의 간섭은 식생의 키. 식피율 및 종다양성을 감소시켰고, 식생의 종조성의 변화를 통하여 식생구조의 변화를 유발하였다. 또한 인간의 간섭은 파괴된 식생으로 인한 낙엽생산이 감소하고, 고산지대 특유의 바람에 의한 낙엽의 이동으로 인하여 낙엽층과 유기물층의 발달이 저해되었다. 이는 토양수분함량을 감소시키고, 토양침식작용이 활발해져 토심이 얕아지고 표토층이 유실되면서 자갈이 지표면에 노출된 입지환경으로 변화시켰다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1990

This study was executed to investigate the vegetation structure and to propose the vegetation management proposals of the Sansung Nature Park at Cheonju City and the results were as fellows. 1. A damage of vegetation and soil surface around the Namgosa was taken place up to 100m by picnic 2. Pinus rigida forest covered 36.1% of the total area(152.6ha) and total afforested vegetation covered 43.5%, respectively. P. denstflora comm. covered 28.4% arid Carpinus laxiflora Comm. as a climax vegetation in temerate zone covered 0.3%, respectively. 3. 6, 7 and 8 of the degree of human disturbance of vegetation covered 45.3%, 26.6% and 21.4%, respectively and resulted in low quality of naturalness. 4. Physical and chemical properties of soil were pour at high elevation and were poor severely in and around the Namgosa due to human disturbance. 5. Plant community were under rapid succession and had unvalanced structure and heterogeneous composition of species. Rapid vegetational succession from Pinus densiflora and Pf. rigida to Carpinus laxifora, Quercus spp. and Robinina pseudo-acacia were taken place.6. The speeies of Raunkiaer's frequency class I as of high frequency class were Pinus dunsiflora, Carpinus alxiflora, Quercus mmongolica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunrs sargintii, Rhododendron yedoense, Stephanandra incisa and Lespedeza maxinowiczii. 7. Vegetational management proposals were made for three vegetation zones ; Historic landscape restoration and preservation zone, Afforested vegetation zone, Native vegetation conservation zone and recommanded native species for landcape planting.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.38-51
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze of biotope types and to develop assessment for forest ecosystem evaluation method. Vegetation types divided into 27 types. Considering the vegetation types, vegetation structures, DBH, potentials, and disturbance, it was decided to apply 58 biotope types and survey site's biotopes were divided into 24 biotope types. Assessment indicators were naturaliness, diversity, rarity, stability, potential, and disturbance. The areas given the first grade in ecological value included 9.2% of the site's total land. Areas with the second grade accounted for 43.0% of the total land. Areas with the third grade made up 47.8% of the site and mostly they were areas with dominance of fired area and artificial forest. To plan to build naturally-development for Site, there should be plans to conserve areas with the first grades. For the areas with the second, and third grades, plans for ecological land use based on conservation and restoration in terms of securing biodiversity are needed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2016

This study established the definition of invasive disturbance species for a sustainable management and biodiversity, and derived the influence factors caused by the species. To define the species, the paper reviewed similar words such as alien species and invasive species, using standard definitions. Also reviewed the results of recent research on the factors of the species. The paper defined the invasive disturbance species as an species whose establishment and spread threaten ecosystems, habitats or species with economic or environmental harm including native and non-native. Through the reviews, The factors were classified as geographic (altitude, slope, and soil, etc.), climate (temperature, precipitation, climate change, etc.) and, anthropogenic (land use, population, road, and human activity, etc.), and species & vegetation structure (species property, local-species richness, and canopy, etc.). Especially, human activity such as urbanization and highways may be associated with both higher disturbance and higher propagule pressure. In the further study, it is required development of mitigation strategies and vegetation structure model against invasive disturbance species in urban forest based on this study.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.71-87
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• 2007

In order to improve and manage rationally for Youngdam creek in Haman-gun, the channel change, water quality and ecological adaptation etc. were evaluated by monitoring during three years. The distinct differences of channel characteristics appeared in the extents of bed excavation and the revetment methods because overall reconstruction was occurred intense disturbance of width expansion and levee construction etc. The scour and deposition were caused according to channel characteristics of ripple and pool, and the adaptation of vegetation was distinguished from each revetment methods clearly. Water quality was maintained first class on the basis of BOD as 0.5~1.5mg/${\ell}$. The vegetation appeared in 380 species close-to-nature river improvement before, but 64 species it after one year, 159 species it after two year and 158 species it after three year. The animal life appeared in 123 species of close-to-nature river improvement before, but 103 species it after one year, 116 species it after two year and 119 species it after three year.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2009

Fragmentation due to land developments causes disturbances and changes of composition in forest vegetation. The purpose of the study was to develop the impact assessment model for quantitative distance or degree of disturbance by land developments. This study conducted a survey about structure and composition of forest vegetation to determine degree of impact from land developments. The results of field survey, there was a difference in structure and composition of forest vegetation such as tree canopy, herbaceous cover, and number of vine and alien species the distances from edge to interior area such as 0m, 10m, 20m, 40m, and over 60m. To assess the disturbance of forest vegetation, the factors selected were the rate of vine's cover and appearance of alien species. The impact assessment model about vine species explained by a distance, forest patch size, type of forest fragmentation, and type of vegetation ($R^2$=0.44, p<0.001). The other model about alien species explained by a distance, type of forest fragmentation, type of vegetation, and width of road (85.9%, p<0.005). The models applied to Samsong housing development in Goyang-si, Gyunggi-do. The vines and alien species in the study area have had a substantial impact on forest vegetation from edge to 20 or 40m. The impact assessment models were high reliability for estimating impacts to land developments. The impact of forest vegetation by development activities could be minimized thorough the adoption of the models introduced at the stage of EIA.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2018

In a monsoonal climate, the soil seed bank can play an important role in plant regeneration after the severe annual floods that disturb above-ground vegetation within the riparian zone. To investigate the relationship between the soil seed bank and vegetation, we measured the species composition of the soil seed bank and the extant above-ground vegetation in six major plant communities (Artemisia selengensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Persicaria nodosa, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites japonica, and Rorippa palustris) in the Cheongmicheon Stream, Korea. A total of 21 species germinated from the floodplain soil seed banks. The most diverse seed bank (21 species) was found in the A. selengensis community, wheres the lowest number of species was found in the R. palustris community (2 species). Most soil seed banks were composed of annuals (90%), exceptions being Rumex crispus and Artemisia princeps, which are perennial ruderals. The similarity of species composition between the soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation was low with Sorensen's similarity indices averaging 29% (range 12 - 42%). Crucially, existing dominant perennials of the extant vegetation including A. selengensis, M. sacchariflorus, P. japonica and P. arundinacea were absent from the soil seed bank. In conclusion, the soil seed banks of the floodplains of the Cheongmicheon Stream were mainly composed of viable seeds of ruderal plants, which could germinate rapidly after severe flood disturbance. The soil seed bank may, therefore, be useful for the restoration of the early succession stages of riparian vegetation after flood disturbances.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

This study was done to recommend a method for conserving the habitat of Amblyotropis verna grown naturally in campus of the Kyungpook National University at Daegu city. Vegetation characteristics and morphological characteristics of each individual were analyzed for the condition of the population at the growing season from May to June in 2010. Totally 11 vegetation data were collected and analyzed, and one vegetation community including Amblyotropis verna (Amblyotropis verna-Zoysia japonica community) was found. We found that the growing condition was not good with severe stamping and disturbance. The location-determining method by PCoA analysis showed the physical texture in soil was a critical factor determining the spatial distribution of the Amblyotropis verna-Zoysia japonica community. And the analysis of morphological characteristics found that light condition and soil hardness were the main ecological factor determining the size and form of each individual. Finally, this study recommend that minimizing impacts by human stamping and artificial disturbance and reducing the water stress were the best ways for the conservation of Amblyotropis verna habitats.