• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.393-395
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 RFC 2022에서 제안한 MARS 모델을 기반으로 하여 ATM 망에서 다중의 멀티캐스팅 서버(MCS)를 이용한 두 가지 멀티캐스팅 모델을 제안하였다. 또한 멀티캐스트 주소 해석 서버(MARS) 방안에 기반한 기존의 두 가지 모델과 1:1 VC 및 1:n VC 자원의 소비량을 정량적으로 비교하였다. 하나의 멀티캐스트 그룹을 보다 작은 부그룹들로 나누어 관리하는 "다중 MCS-그룹 분할 모델"이 "다중 MCS-그룹 비 분할 모델"보다 1:n VC 자원 소비량은 많은 단점이 있으나 송신 노드와 수신 그룹 멤버들 사이에 형성되는 멀티캐스트 트리의 종단간 평균 지연 시간을 감소시킬 수 있는 여지를 제공하는 장점이 있다. 있는 여지를 제공하는 장점이 있다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.420-423
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• 2001

Combining ability in mungbean was studied in 15 quantitative traits through a 6 $\times$ 6 diallel cross. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were found conditioning the inheritane of nodes of the first peduncle, clusters per plant, clusters on main stem and branches, pods per plant, 1000 seed weight, grain yield per plant, biomass, and harvest index. The additive gene action was found significant for nodes on main stem, average internodal length, branches per plant, pods per cluster, pod length, and seeds per pod. The predominace of additive genetic variance was observed in all traits. For grain yield and yield components, the best combiner were VC3902A, VC1560D and ML-5, while the best combinations were the crosses VC3902A $\times$ ML-5, VC1560D $\times$ ML-5, and NM 92 $\times$ VC1560D.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.48-55
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify vital capacity (VC) in relation to the changing position of 19 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and 20 normal controls. Among the 19 SCI patients, there were 9 quadriplegics and 10 paraplegics. The vital capacity was measured in each subject during sitting, standing, lying, and head down position of 30 degrees. The data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. For the SCI, significant difference of VC accoring to the 4 positions between quadriplegics and paraplegics. In the control group, significant difference of VC according to the 4 positions. In 4 positions the VC of men were significantly larger than that of women between two groups. No statistical significant difference was shown in VC by the postural change between quadriplegics and paraplegics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.1537-1540
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• 2000

MPLS 는 ATM 과 같은 기존의 레이어 2 계층의 스위칭 기술을 사용하여 IP와 같은 레이어 3 계층기능을 효과적으로 제공하기 위해서 제안되었다. 이러한 MPLS가 코어라우터에 적용될 때 확장성을 제공하기 위한 필수적인 방안으로 VC merging 기능이 요구된다. VC merging 기능은 수신된 ATM 셀들을 VCC 별로 AAL5 프레임 단위로 다중화하고 동일한 목적지를 갖는 ATM 셀에 대해서 동일한 VPI/VCI 값을 갖도록 ATM 셀을 생성한다. 본 논문에서는 최대 1Gbps 데이터를 처리하는 SAR 소자를 사용하여 VC merging 장치를 구현하였다. 그리고 이를 MPLS 망에 적용시키기 위해서 VCC 연결 설정에 제한성을 갖는 SAR 소자에도 적용 가능한 연결 설정 및 해제 절차를 제공하였다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Vehicles have increasingly evolved and become intelligent with convergence of information and communications technologies (ICT). Vehicle communications (VC) has become one of the major necessities for intelligent vehicles. However, VC suffers from serious security problems that hinder its commercialization. Hence, the IEEE 1609 Wireless Access Vehicular Environment (WAVE) protocol defines a security service for VC. This service includes Advanced Encryption Standard-Counter with CBC-MAC (AES-CCM) for data encryption in VC. A high-speed AES-CCM crypto module is necessary, because VC requires a fast communication rate between vehicles. In this study, we propose and implement an efficient AES-CCM hardware architecture for high-speed VC. First, we propose a 32-bit substitution table (S_Box) to reduce the AES module latency. Second, we employ key box register files to save key expansion results. Third, we save the input and processed data to internal register files for secure encryption and to secure data from external attacks. Finally, we design a parallel architecture for both cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) and the counter module in AES-CCM to improve performance. For implementation of the field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware, we use a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA chip. The entire operation of the AES-CCM module is validated by timing simulations in Xilinx ISE at a speed of 166.2 MHz.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.608-610
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• 1998

분산 M/VC 응용 프로그램의 조립식 작성기, DOC(Distributed Object Composer)는 M/VC(Model/View.Controller) 모델 기반 실시간 클라이언트/서버 응용의 신속한 개발을 지원한다. 본 논문에서는 DOC를 이용한 분산 M/VC 응용 프로그램의 조립식 작성 과정과 함께 그 구현을 소개한다. DOC는 개방화 및 표준화를 주도하는 CORBA 미들웨어를 기반으로 하여, 이질적인 통신 환경에서 클라이언트와 서버 객체간의 네트워크 투과성을 제공하고, 분산된 객체들 간의 상호작용(interaction) 패턴을 추상화하여 조립식 분산 응용 프로그램의 작성을 가능하게 한다. 분산 객체들 간의 상호작용을 처리하기 위해 자바의 관찰자/피관찰자(Observer/Observable) 패턴을 분산 관찰자/피관찰자 패턴으로 확장하여, serverDOC와 clientDOC로 구성된 DOC의 구현에 사용한다. 분산 피관찰자는 M/VC의 모델에 해당하고, 분산 관찰자는 뷰.콘트롤러에 해당한다. 개발자는 분산 환경을 고려하지 않고 필요한 관찰자/피관찰자 객체들을 생성하여 로컬상의 DOC에 조립식으로 연결하기만 하면 피관찰자의 상태 변화는 곧 관찰자에게 전달되고, 관찰자를 통한 사용자의 입력은 피관찰자에게 전달되어 반영된다. DOC를 이용한 응용 프로그램의 작성은 구성 객체들을 DOC에 plug-and-play 방식으로 조립하는 과정이다. 따라서 DOC는 분산 환경하의 컴포넌트 재사용성을 개선하고, 분산 응용의 생산성을 높인다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2011

Vitamin C (VC) is an important antioxidant and enzyme co-factor that works by stimulating the immune system and protecting against infections. It is well known that melanoma cells are more susceptible to VC than any other tumor cells. However, the role of VC in the treatment of colon cancer has not been studied. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a DNA damaging agent and is widely used for treating cancer, while the role of p53 in CDDP-induced cell death has been stressed. Using cell growth assays, morphological methods, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation analysis, we measured the expression of p53 level involved in the effect of VC on CDDP-induced apoptosis of HCT116, a human colon cancer cell line. CDDP plus VC treatment resulted in significantly increased apoptosis along with upregulation of p53 compared to untreated cells and/or CDDP-treated cells. These results suggest that VC enhanced CDDP sensitivity and apoptosis via upregulation of p53.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.540-547
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• 1993

Backgrounds: The measurement of volume of isoflow has been considered as a sensitive test for detecting small airway diseases showing normal pulmonary function in a routine pulmonary function test. To evaluate the functions of small airway among dust exposed workers, the changes of volume of isoflow were measured and its applicability of managing early stage pneumoconiosis patients was studied. Method: The subjects were 67 male, pneumoconiosis with small opacity and FEV1>80%, FEV1/FVC>75% in spirometry and the controls were 20 male, no dust-exposed office workers. The maximal epiratory volume curves after inhalation of indoor air and $He-O_2$ gas mixtures were measured and ${\Delta}V_{max50},\;{\Delta}V_{max75},\;V_{iso}V/VC$ between the dust exposed and control workers were compaired. Results: 1) There were no significant differences between two group in ${\Delta}V_{max50}$ and ${\Delta}V_{max75}$. But the ratio of $V_{iso}V/VC$ of the subjects was siginificantly higher than that of the control (p<0.01). This study confirms that $V_{iso}V/VC$ is a very useful index in early detection of small airway dysfunction. 2) The ratio of $V_{iso}V/VC$ of the subjects was signigicantly different between only smoker group and mixed group(smoker and nonsmoker). It suggestes that smoking is an important cousative factor of small airway dysfunction. 3) As the profusion of the chest X-ray increased, the rartio of $V_{iso}V/VC$ increased, but no significant difference of $V_{iso}V/VC$ was found between categories of pneumoconiosis. The categories of pneumoconiosis and small airway dysfunction may not be related. 4) No significant relationship was established between the duration of work and the ratio of $V_{iso}V/VC$. Conclusions : It is concluded that the measurement of $V_{iso}V/VC$ is useful to detect small airway dysfuction of early stage pnuemoconiosis patents with small opacities but showing normal pulmonary function in a routine pulmonary function test.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 2012

Effect of vitamin C (VC) on biochemical, hematological and cortisol profile of growing Holstein calves during summer was investigated. Eighteen calves between 14 and 16 weeks of age were divided equally into two groups. One group received a diet supplemented with VC (20 g/d) for 60 days, while other non-supplemented diet fed group served as a control (CON). The temperature humidity index (THI) was recorded and computed during the experiment. From days 0 to 60, the THI exceeded 70. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each calf at days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60. Serum albumin and total protein decreased (p<0.05) in CON and VC calves with age. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase concentrations were not affected by treatments. Serum creatinine, albumin and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase concentrations were higher in calves in the VC group than the CON group. While red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were lower (p<0.05) in VC calves, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width and mean platelet volume were higher (p<0.05) in these VC supplemented calves. Leukocyte parameters including white blood cells and full term for lymphocytes were not affected by the treatments. Also, serum cortisol was not affected by treatments. At day 15, 30 and 45, the total VC in plasma was higher (p<0.05) in calves fed with VC. In conclusion, serum cortisols were not affected by plasma VC concentration, while some blood parameters were positively influenced in calves fed with VC.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.303-314
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• 2023

Voice conversion, a technology that allows an individual's speech data to be regenerated with the acoustic properties(tone, cadence, gender) of another, has countless applications in education, communication, and entertainment. This paper proposes an approach based on the StarGAN-VC model that generates realistic-sounding speech without requiring parallel utterances. To overcome the constraints of the existing StarGAN-VC model that utilizes one-hot vectors of original and target speaker information, this paper extracts feature vectors of target speakers using a pre-trained version of Rawnet3. This results in a latent space where voice conversion can be performed without direct speaker-to-speaker mappings, enabling an any-to-any structure. In addition to the loss terms used in the original StarGAN-VC model, Wasserstein distance is used as a loss term to ensure that generated voice segments match the acoustic properties of the target voice. Two Time-Scale Update Rule (TTUR) is also used to facilitate stable training. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms previous methods, including the StarGAN-VC network on which it was based.