• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 1982

Correlation between the sensory quality characteristics of commercial ice creams and chemical properties of fat extracted from those was studied. The results of evaluation of preference for appearance, flavor, texture and total quality of four commercial ice cream samples by multiple paired comparison test indicated that sample C was the best among samples in both type of carton and cone. There was some correlation between the sensory quality characteristics of commercial ice creams and chemical properties of fat extracted from those in carton, but that was not shown in cone. The results showed that flavor of ice cream in carton and appearance and flavor of ice cream in cone affected total quality, but texture did not.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1438-1446
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• 2011

Palmitoyl-oleoyl-oleoyl (POO) and palmitoyl-oleoyl-palmitoyl triacylglycerol rich fraction (PSL) was obtained from the acetone fractionation of palm stearin. The fatty acid composition (total and positional), tri-acylglycerol species, and solid fat index (SFI) were compared among the blends of natural vegetable fats (sal fat, illipe fat, kokum fat, shea stearin fat, and shea butter) and PSL with different ratios (50:50, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30). In total fatty acid composition of PSL, palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids, whereas in natural vegetable fats stearic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids. Moreover, oleic acid was a major fatty acid at sn-2 position in sal fat, illipe fat, and kokum fat. The TAG species was analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC, from which the PN value ranged from 46 to 54. When natural vegetable fats and PSL were blended with different ratios, decreasing the amount of PSL resulted in increasing SFI in most cases. Among blends, the SFI of sal fat and PSL were most similar to commercial cocoa butter equivalent (CBE).

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2007

In-cryostat helium lines are under installation to transfer a cryogenic helium into cold components in KSTAR device. In KSTAR, three kinds of helium should be supplied into the cold components, which are supercritical helium Into superconduction(SC) magnet system, liquid helium into current lead system, and gas helium into thermal shields. Cryogenic helium lines consist of transfer lines outside the cryostat, in-cryostat helium lines, and electrical breaks. In-cryostat helium lines should be guaranteed of leak tightness for tong time operation at high internal helium pressure of 20 bar. We wrapped the helium line with multi-layer insulator(MLI) to reduce radiation heat and insulated the surface of the high potential part with prepreg tape. The electrical break was fabricated by brazing ceramic tube with stainless steel tube. To ensure the operation reliability at operation temperature, all the electrical break have been examined by the thermal cycle test at liquid nitrogen and by the hydraulic test at 30 bar. And additional surface insulation was prepared with prepreg tape to give structural safety. At present most of the in-cryostat helium lines have been installed and the final inspection test is progressing.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.363-373
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• 1986

This study was devised to elucidate whether soused shrimp exhibits a digestive action on boiled pork meats. and the mechanism by which sousing with a high concentration of sodium chloride preserves nutrients in foods for a prolonged pe\ulcornerriod. Protease was isolated from soused shrimp using a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation. DEAE - cellulose ion exchange chromatography and gel filtra\ulcornertion. The isolated protease had specific activity of 1.560 units. 210 purification fo\ulcornerld with an yield of 38%. Its optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and $43^{\circ}C$ respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 35.000. The Km value of the enzyme for casein was 1.6 x $10^{-6}$ M The e=yme required the presence of cu\ulcornerpric ion to exhibit its full activity. Eighty eight percent of the enzyme activity was in\ulcornerhibited by 3.5M NaCI showing a reversibly linear decrease of the enzyme activity as NaCI concentration increased. The nature of the inhibition by NaCl was rever\ulcornersible and noncompetitive. The protease activity in soused shrimp was well preser\ulcornerved with the elapse of time at least in part due to NaCI induced suppression of autodigestion. The enzyme was denatured by acid easily. i.e. 1% of the original activity remained after staying at pH 2 for 10 minutes. which is within the norm\ulcorneral range of pH of the human stomach. Soused shrimp was observed to be one of those containing the highest protease activity compared with the other soused foo\ulcornerds such as soused oyster. squid. clam. and Pollack intestine with respect to spec\ulcornerific activities of dialized 1:4 whole homogenates(w/v) in 5 mM sodium phospha\ulcornerte - 2.4 mM j3 - mercaptoethanol buffer. pH 8.0. Casein and boiled meats including pork, beef, and chicken appeared to be the good substrates for the protease. Casein was the best. Therefore. the ingestion of boiled meats including pork together with soused sh\ulcornerrimp would help digestion of boiled pork in human not only by increasing appe\ulcornertite also by the direct proteolytic digestion of boiled meats by soused shrimp to\ulcorner some extent. And a high concentration of sodium chloride inhibited the protease activity reversibly in a remarkable degree, which ensued in a significant retardat\ulcornerion of autodigestion of protein in foods by proteases, and hereby contributed to the preservation of foods for an extended period.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2003

This study were investigated the effects to the starting-time of the applied aquatic exercise to the functional healing phase on the Achilles tendon injured rats. The Spraque-Dawley female rats weights($246{\pm}18g$) were assigned to the four groups(24 rats), all experimental groups were able to walling training for 20 min. on the rolling bar motor before injured, one group; control group and three groups; aquatic exercise groups, The aquatic groups were derived into the first day, fourth day and seventh day groups after injuring Achilles tendon according to the levels of aquatic exercise. This studied were investigated the effects of functional healing after appling the aquatic exercising after first day, fourth day and seven days after injured Achilles tendon by the method of rolling bar-motor(Jc-35L-H/GEAR MOTOR, DC, 12V-20RPM, TAIWAN)R.O.C. and to the phase of healing phase to the Achilles tendon. After injuring Achilles tendon, the starting-times of walling on the rolling bar motor were showed from 10th day in the first day aquatic groups, after injuring, from the eight day of fourth day and seventh day aquatic groups, but those, of the all aquatic groups were not significantly showed from the ninth day after injured in the control group. There were showed healing phase without adherence like normal tissue from the fourth day group after injured to the control group. The results stewed that aquatic exercising were effected the healing phase to the injured Achilles tendon to apply exercise, after being the late period of inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1301-1306
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• 2008

The physiological and microbiological characteristics of various mul-kimchis prepared with omija (Schiznadra chinensis) water extract (1, 2, 3 v/w%) (omija mul-kimchi ) or water (control) were investigated during fermentation for 21 days at $10^{\circ}C$. The pH of omija mul-kimchi was lower than that of control and lowered with increasing the concentration of omija between 1% and 3%. The pH did not change significantly during fermentation in omija mul-kimchi compared with control. The changes in titratable acidity were similar in pH. The change of total microbs and lactic bacteria during fermentation was similar in various mul-kimchis and the viable cell numbers in omija mul-kimchi were lower than in control. The viable cell of mul-kimchi decreased with increasing the concentration of omija water extract. The texture of various mul-kimchi such as hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and springiness, was decreased but the texture of 1% omija mul-kimchi was maintained significantly higher than that of control during fermentation. The DPPH radical and nitrite scavenging activity of omija mul-kimchi were higher than those of control and the activities increased with increasing concentrations of omija water extract. The sensory quality of 1% omija mul-kimchi showed the highest value in taste and overall acceptability among the tested mul-kimchis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.174-174
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• 2008

초음파를 이용하여 액체 연료를 분사하면 균일한 입경과 미립화가 우수하며 에너지 절약과 공해방지등을 할 수 있다. 또한 유속과 유량에 관계없이 이용할 수 있어 반도체 분야의 웨이퍼와 평판 표시기상에 사진 석판용 화학물질의 균일도포 컴퓨터 하드 디스크의 광택제 도포등에 사용할 수 있다. 이처럼 초저의 유출 용량을 요구하는 모든 공정 및 액체연료의 분사가 요구되는 모든 산업에 적용할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만 현제까지 주로 사용되고 있는 초음파노즐의 액츄에이터는 단판액츄에이터형로 높은 교류전압을 인가해주어야 하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이 단점을 해결하기 위해 적층액츄에이터형을 사용하여 초음파 노즐 구동하면 낮은 교류 입력전압에서도 단판액츄에이터형 초음파 노즐과 같은 특성을 가질 수 있다. 또한 초음파 노즐의 구동시 기계적인 진동을 이용하므로 많은 열을 발생시켜 노즐의 온도가 상승하여 세라믹 액츄에이터에도 그 영향을 미치게 되어 열적 열화 현상이 일어날 수 있기에 높은 큐리온도를 가지는 액츄에이터가 필요하다. 본 실험에서는 $Pb(Mn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_{0.02}(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_{0.12}(Zr_{0.50}Ti_{0.50})_{0.86}O_3$ 조성을 사용하여 $900^{\circ}C$의 저온에서 액상 소결하여 적층혈액츄에이터를 제작하였으며 압전 및 유전 특성을 조사하였다. 제작된 초음파노즐을 구동하기 위해서는 약 36kHz의 30V이상의 교류입력전압 할 수 있는 구동회로가 필요로 한다. 압전액츄에이터의 구동을 위해서는 정확한 정현파 입력이 필요 없다. 압전액츄에이터의 특성상 유사 정현파 입력 만으로도 임피던스 매칭이 이루어지기 때문에 설계가 쉽고 간편한 Push-Pull 방식을 이용한 PWM인버터를 사용하였고 인버터의 출력 주파수를 34~38kHz까지 가변 할 수 있게 설계하였다. 제작된 적층액츄에이터형 초음파 노즐을 PWM인버터로 실제 액체 연료인 경유를 분사하였을 때의 액츄에이터의 온도 변화에 따른 공진주파수와 온도 의존성, 전기적 특성을 조사하고 미립화 분사되는 경유의 미립자 크기 및 최대 분사량을 조사 하였다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Korean alveolar sibilant sounds of children with cerebral palsy by acoustic analysis. Thirteen children with spastic cerebral palsy aging from 6 to 10 years old, were selected by an articulation test, and compared with a control group of thirty children. The meaningless monosyllable CV, disyllable VCV(/asa/) and frame sentence including target syllables CV were measured. C was from the /s, s'/, and V was from the set /a, i, u, ${\varepsilon}$, o, ɯ, ʌ/. Multi-Speech was used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the frication duration of lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly shorter than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The vowel duration in the following lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly longer than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The children with cerebral palsy showed frequency and intensity of friction intervals which were significantly lower than in the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. In the comparison of the lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant by the children with cerebral palsy group's phonation types, the frication duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, VCV and between the phonetic contexts. The glottalized-sibilant was longer than the lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. The subsequent vowel duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in VCV and between the phonetic contexts(p<.05). The vowel duration in the following glottalized-sibilant was longer than the vowel duration in the following lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. In the frequency there was a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, and in the intensity there was a significant difference between the phonation type in CV and VCV. The children with spastic cerebral palsy had difficulty in articulating the alveolar sibilant due to poor control ability in laryngeal, respiration and articulatory movements which require fine motor coordination. This study quantitatively analyzes the acoustic parameters of the alveolar sibilant in various phonetic contexts. Therefore, the results are expected to help provide fundamental data for an intervention of articulation treatment for children with cerebral palsy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7689-7694
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• 2015

Background: Bone tumors are neoplasias with a high overall mortality; one of the main factors that reduce survival is their high capacity to develop metastases. It has been reported that finding lung metastases at diagnosis of osteosarcoma (OS), chondrosarcoma (CS) and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTb) is quite common. In this study, we inquire the relationship of metastases caused by these tumors with different clinical and pathological aspects, in order to guide medical personnel in the diagnosis and opportune treatment of metastases or micro metastases. Materials and Methods: We collected data of 384 patients with clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis of OS, GCTb and CS that attended the National Rehabilitation Institute (INR) during 2006 to 2014. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed for data analysis. Results: In the three tumor types, the presence of metastases at diagnosis was variable (p=0.0001). Frequency of metastases was 36.7%, 31.7% and 13.2% for OS, CS and GCTb respectively. The average age had no significant difference (p>0.05) in relation to metastases, even so, patients with OS and GCTb and metastases, were older while patients with CS and metastases were younger, in comparison to patients without metastases. Males had a higher frequency of metastases (68.2%, p = 0.09) in contrast to CS and GCTb, in which the metastases was more frequent in women with 51.9% (p = 0.44) and 57.9% (p = 0.56) respectively. Broadly, metastasis was associated with primary tumors located in the femur (44.4%), followed by the tibia (15.6%); metastases was more frequent when primary tumor of GCTb and OS were in the same bones, but were located in the hip (26.3%) for CS. Conclusions: The frequency of metastases in OS, GCTb and CS is high in our population and is determined by different clinicopathological variables related to the kind of tumor. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate metastases subsequent to diagnosis and associations with survival and clinicopathological factors, as well as to determine the sensitivity and specificity of current methods of detection.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.186-190
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• 2003

Purpose: The balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is crucial for homeostatic maintenance in a cell population. Decreased apoptosis or uncontrolled proliferation can lead to cancer. The Fas receptor signal through a cytoplasmic death domain is very important in the apoptotic pathway. To identify the effect of the death domain of the Fas gene in the development and/or progression of gastric cancer, we examined the apoptotic potential of five known Fas mutants detected in gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: A wild-type Fas gene was cloned with cDNA from normal liver tissue and full length Fas was sequenced. Mutants of the gene were generated with sitedirected mutagenesis by using the wild-type gene and specific primers. Wild- and mutant-type genes were transfected to HEK293 cells. Forty-eight hours after transfection the cells were stained with DAPI and cell death was counted under fluorescent microscopy. Results: In wild-type Fas-transfected cells, the percentage of apoptotic cells was $85.9\pm3.6\%$, and significant cell death and classic morphologic signs of apoptosis were observed. However, the percentages of apoptotic cells transfected with N239D, E240G, D244V, and R263H of tumor-derived mutant Fas were $29.5\pm2.08\%,\;28.5\pm3.34\%,\;25.225\pm2.06\%,\;and\;36.625\pm4.49\%$, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that inactivation of Fas caused by mutations in the death domain of the Fas gene may be one of the possible escape mechanisms against Fas-mediated apoptosis and that inactivating mutation of the Fas may contribute to the development or progression of gastric cancers.