• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2003

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells can differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes with proper culture conditions and stimulants via embryo-like aggregates. We describe here the use of mouse embryonic stem (mES03) cells as a reproducible differentiation system for cardiomyocyte. mES03 cells growing in colonies were dissociated and allowed to re-aggregated in suspension [embryoid body (EB) formation〕. To induce cardiomyocytic differentiation, cells were exposed to 0.75% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) during EB formation for 4 days and then another 4 days without DMSO (4+/4-). Thus treated EB was plated onto gelatin-coated dishes for differentiation. Spontaneously contracting colonies which appeared in approximately 4~5 days upon differentiation were mechanically dissected, enzymatically dispersed, plated onto coverslips, and then incubated for another 48~72 hrs. By RT-PCR, robust expression of cardiac myosin heavy chain $\alpha$, cardiac muscle heavy polypeptide 7 $\beta$($\beta$-MHC), cardiac transcription factor GATA4, and skeletal muscle-specific $\alpha$$_1$-subunit of the L-type calcium channel ($\alpha$$_1$CaC $h_{sm}$ ) were detected as early as 8 days after EB formation, but message of cardiac muscle-specific $\alpha$$_1$-subunit of the L-type calcium channel ($\alpha$$_1$CaCh) were reveled at a low level. In contrast, expression of myosin light chain (MLC-2V) and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were not detected during EB formation for 8 days. However, a strong expression of the atrial-specific ANF gene was expressed from day 8 onward, which were remained constant in EB. (cardiac specialization and terminal differentiation stage). Electrophysiological examination of spontaneously contracting cells showed ventricle-like action potential 17 days after the EB formation. This study indicates that mES03 cell-derived cardiomyocytes via 4+/4- protocol displayed biochemical and electrophysiological properties of subpopulation of cardiomyocytes.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 1998

Started from the Industrial Revolution in England, the design movement, the concept of plastic arts is spread and developed in many European countries. It meets new phase due to the much more developed industrial techniques and internationalized era since the World War II. The concept of identity in design appeared with industrial diversification, specialization, and inter- nationalization comes out through every visual identification standards. And the concept is used in public facilities and groups such as national institutions, schools, hospitals, or lots of religious bodies, as well as in industries to aim at the most profit from products' sale. Since the opening of Seoul National University of Technology in 1910, the university which has long history and tradition of about 90 years has used the unique visual identification in changing the University name to meet with the surrounding environment and the timely characteristics. However, the English name for the University was changed in 1998, so the new era to leap was open. Therefore, the University introduced formally the concept of U. I. (University Identification) with the new image. It is an inevitable outcome of modern time.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2009

Nitric oxide (NO) has both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects depending on its concentration and the experimental model. We tested the effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and aminoguanidine, a selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor, on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures and hippocampal CA3 neuronal death. L-NAME (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or aminoguanidine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 1 h prior to the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of KA. Pretreatment with L-NAME significantly increased KA-induced CA3 neuronal death, iNOS expression, and activation of microglia. However, pretreatment with aminoguanidine significantly suppressed both the KA-induced and L-NAME-aggravated hippocampal CA3 neuronal death with concomitant decreases in iNOS expression and microglial activation. The protective effect of aminoguanidine was maintained for up to 2 weeks. Furthermore, iNOS knockout mice ($iNOS^{-1-}$) were resistant to KA-induced neuronal death. The present study demonstrates that aminoguanidine attenuates KA-induced neuronal death, whereas L-NAME aggravates neuronal death, in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, suggesting that NOS isoforms play different roles in KA-induced excitotoxicity.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2012

This paper is concerned with the linkages between universities and industry in the information and communications technology (ICT) in Cyberjaya, Malaysia and Cyberabad, India. In the case of the ICT cluster of Cyberjaya, the context can be termed as greenfield cluster development as the whole project is developed from scratch. In the case of Cyberabad, India, the context can be seen as a brownfield development, where the cluster developed based on existing and new organisations in a region. There is extant literature in research, be it from an Innovation systems or a Triple Helix perspective that has given significant attention to the importance of universities as engines of growth and also about the significance of their linkages with industry innovation in regions. But as argued by scholars like Chaminade et al, most of these papers tend to ignore the specific context in which this interaction between the university and the industry takes place - this study aims to fill this gap through an exploratory study from emerging economies and in a greenfield and brownfield contexts. The findings from the two cases point towards (1) the role of intermediary organisations in developing the linkages, (2) the issue of capabilities of universities for supporting industry development and (3) university-industry linkages are different in greenfield and brown field developments. The paper presents the cases and discusses the findings and provides insights to cluster development officials and policy makers and implications to researchers for developing studies of university-industry from a capabilities and context perspectives.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.737-742
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• 2004

Garole, a prolific small sized sheep breed of West Bengal, was introduced in the Mutton project of the Institute in 1997 to explore the possibility of incorporating fecundity gene(s) into monotocus Malpura sheep of Rajasthan. Results of reproduction and production traits in respect of Garole${\times}$Malpura (G${\times}$M) half-breds have been obtained. Of 35 lambing obtained so far from the ewes of Garole${\times}$Malpura, 45.71% were twin lambing, whereas, Malpura sheep produced mostly single lamb except 2.55% twin lambing on an average. Other reproduction traits in G${\times}$M ewes such as lambing rate, litter size at birth and weaning were considerably improved over Malpura ewes. Results revealed that the fecundity genes responsible for increasing ovulation rate and litter size have been incorporated in to the G${\times}$M genotype and it might prove a valuable germ plasm towards evolving a new prolific strain of sheep. Interestingly, survivability of G${\times}$M half-breds was almost at par with the local Malpura sheep in harsh climatic conditions of semi-arid tropics. The body weights at different ages of G${\times}$M half-breds were on little lower side compared to contemporary Malpura lambs. Average kilogram of lambs weaned/ewe lambed in Malpura and G${\times}$M genetic group was 11.86 and 11.07 kg respectively. In view of minimizing the differences in body weights and kg of lambs weaned/ewe lambed between the two genetic groups, G${\times}$M ewes has to be backcrossed with Malpura rams to raise the inheritance of latter up to 75% level. However, further research is needed to reach on certain conclusions regarding net returns from such crosses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 1995

The design of this field experiment was a completely randomized block arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (Gliricidia sepium provenances) and 6 blocks as replications with 12 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), and one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragua (N), panama (P), Costa Rica (R), and Venezuela (V). After 12 months establishment the gliricidia were lopped regularly 4 times a year, twice during the 4 months wet season and twice during the 8 months dry season at 150 cm height. There was variation (p < 0.05) in stem elongation from 22 to 80 cm, leaf retained from 118 to 209%, branch number from 13 to 24, fodder yield from 1,015 to 1,671 g DW/plant and wood yield from 792 to 1,662 g DW/plant among the provenances; and such variations were affected by the seasons. Belen (N14), Retalhuleu (G14) and Bukit Bali (I) provenances were ranked first, second and third, respectively, measured in terms of leaf retention, stem elongation, fodder and wood yields during the wet and dry seasons.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1753-1759
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• 2006

Paenibacillus sp. HY-8 isolated from the digestive tracts of the longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis, produced an extracellular endoxylanase with a molecular weight of 20 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE. The xylanase was purified to near electrophoretic homogeneity from the culture supernatant after ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ionexchange chromatography. The purified xylanase exhibited the highest activities at pH 6.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. The $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ values were 7.2 mg/ml and 16.3 U/mg, respectively, for birchwood xylan as the substrate. Nucleotide sequence of the PCR-cloned gene was determined to have the open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 212 amino acids. The N-terminal amino acid sequence and the nucleotide sequence analyses predicted that the precursor xylanase contained a signal peptide composed of 28 amino acids and a catalytically active 19.9-kDa peptide fragment. The deduced amino acid sequence shared extensive similarity with those of the glycoside hydrolase family 11 of xylanases from other bacteria. The predicted amino acid sequence contained two glutamate residues, previously identified as essential and conserved for active sites in other xylanases of the glycoside hydrolase family 11.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.905-912
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• 2007

A novel ${\beta}-glucosidase$ gene, bglA, was isolated from uncultured soil bacteria and characterized. Using genomic libraries constructed from soil DNA, a gene encoding a protein that hydrolyzes a fluorogenic analog of cellulose, 4-methylumbelliferyl ${\beta}-D-cellobioside$ (MUC), was isolated using a microtiter plate assay. The gene, bglA, was sequenced using a shotgun approach, and expressed in E. coli. The deduced 55-kDa amino acid sequence for bglA showed a 56% identity with the family 1 glycosyl hydrolase Chloroflexus aurantiacus. BglA included two conserved family 1 glycosyl hydrolase regions. When using $p-nitrophenyl-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ (pNPG) as the substrate, the maximum activity of the purified ${\beta}-glucosidase$ exhibited at pH 6.5 and $55^{\circ}C$, and was enhanced in the presence of $Mn^{2+}$. The $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ values for the purified enzyme with pNPG were 0.16 mM and $19.10{\mu}mol/min$, respectively. The purified BglA enzyme hydrolyzed both pNPG and $p-nitrophenyl-{\beta}-D-fucoside$. The enzyme also exhibited substantial glycosyl hydrolase activities with natural glycosyl substrates, such as sophorose, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, and cellopentaose, yet low hydrolytic activities with gentiobiose, salicin, and arbutin. Moreover, BglA was able to convert the major ginsenoside $Rb_1$ into the pharmaceutically active minor ginsenoside Rd within 24 h.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.399-406
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• 2015

In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. After HA/COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. The interior morphologies and in vivo weight change of these hydrogels were also characterized at 1-16 weeks after injection into mice. To evaluate their biocompatibility and durability in vivo, we injected the composite fillers into nude mice subcutaneously. The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10⁵ cP, and injection force of 10-12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. The filler we developed may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2013

Surimi products are among the most prominent seafoods in Korea. Together with fish meat, wheat flour is a major ingredient in the preparation of surimi products. Rice flour, however, can be an effective ingredient in enhancing the rheological characteristics of surimi products. In this study, we evaluated the potential of rice flour as an agent to replace wheat flour in surimi products. The effects of rice flour milling types and addition methods on the rheological and sensory properties of surimi products were investigated. Among different addition methods, the surimi product containing non-treated rice flour showed better gel strength and sensory properties than products containing paste (1:1.3 rice flour/water, w/v) and steamed paste (steamed at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min). According to the gel strength results for surimi products with added roll-mill (40 mesh) and jet-mill (180 mesh) rice flours, the roll-mill rice flour shows good potential as a replacement for wheat flour. When considering gel strength and sensory properties, an effective amount of rice flour to add was 10-15% (w/w). In conclusion, the rheological and sensory properties of surimi products containing rice flour were comparable with those of a premium commercial surimi product. Therefore, rice flour might be an effective alternative to wheat flour for premium surimi products.