• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.34-42
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• 2023

Simulation-based virtual testing is known to be a major requirement for verifying the safety of autonomous driving functions. However, in the simulation environment, there is a difficulty in that all driving environments related to the autonomous driving system must be realistically modeled. In particular, C-ITS (Cooperative-Intelligent Transport Systems) is essential for urban autonomous driving of Lv.4, but the approach to modeling for C-ITS service in the MILS (Model in the Loop Simulation) environment is not yet clear. Therefore, this paper aims to deal with V2X (Vehicle to Everything) modeling methods to effectively apply C-ITS-based autonomous cooperative driving services in the MILS environment. First, major C-ITS services and use cases for autonomous cooperative driving are analyzed, and a modeling method of V2X signals for C-ITS service simulation is proposed. Based on the modeled V2X messages, the validity of the proposed approach is reviewed through simulations on the C-ITS service use case.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, pH, and UV light on-the survival of life-threatening Vibrio vulnificus. In the temperature range of 15 to $25^{\circ}C$, the numbers of V. vulnificus incieased during the 6-day incubation, but outside this range, the survival of V. vulnificus was poor. Incubation between 1 and $10^{\circ}C$ showed that V. vulnifcts survived poorly below $10^{\circ}C$. At sal:nities between 5 and 25ppt, the numbers of V. vulnificus increased or remained unchanged for 6-day. At salinities above this range, the numbers of V. vulnificus decreased. The optimal pH range was 6.5 to 8.0 and outside this range, the survival ratio of V. vulnificus was small. At 15-and $25^{\circ}C$, UV radiation was bactericidal for cultures of V, vulnificus. The counts of V. vulnificus were reduced approximately 10, 000-fold after 2h of UV light treatment at both temperatures. Above results mowed 1ha't environmental factors were effective on the survival of V. vulniucus in the environment.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.18-21
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• 1991

청록색 영역에서 발진하는 XeF(C$\longrightarrow$A)엑사이머 레이저 여기용 2.56MeV 전자빔 가속기를 개발하였다. 대출력 전자빔 가속기는 $\pm$80kV로 충전하는 Marx Generator를 동축구조로 꾸밈으로서 낮은 임퍼던스와 인덕턴스를 유지할 수 있었고, 빠른 전압상승과 유사구형파 출력을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 대출력 전자빔가속기 (2.56 MeV, 2.2KJ)의 파라메터와 동작특성, 전압측정 등을 기술한다.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.4-7
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• 2002

Samples of $Nb/Al-AlO_x/Nb$ tunnel junction with the size of $50 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ {\times} 50 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$ were fabricated by using self-aligning and reactive ion etching technique In the high quality samples, the $V_m$ value (the product of the critical current and subgap resistance measured at 2 mV) was 34 mV at the critical current density of $J_c: 500 A/cm^2 and the V_g$ value (the gap voltage) was 2.8 mV. For the higher $J_c$ sample, voltage fluctuation at the gap voltage was observed. The $V_m and J_c$ values for this sample were 8 mV and 900 A/cm$^2$, respectively. Also, the relationship between critical current density $J_c$ and specific normal conductance $G_s$ of the junctions with $J_c$ in the range of 28 A/cm$^2$~940 A/cm$^2$was investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.216-221
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• 2006

An investigation of the influence of $WO_3$ and $V_2O_5$ catalysts on the microstructure, phase formation and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) efficiency of the synthesized SCR powders has been carried out. A commercial anatase-$TiO_2$ was used as the catalysts support. For $WO_3(10wt%)/TiO_2$, the W loading to the $TiO_2$ support led to the lower in anatase to rutile transition temperature from $1200^{\circ}C$ of $TiO_2$ support to ${\sim}900^{\circ}C$. The transition temperature was also lowered to below $650^{\circ}C$ in the $V_2O_5$(5 and 10 wt%) added composition. The $WO_3(10wt%)/TiO_2$ SCR powder obtained at $450^{\circ}C$ showed near 100% of $NO_x$ conversion efficiency at $350{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ and for the powder prepared at $650^{\circ}C$ the same efficiency was achieved in wider temperature range $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$. The highest $NO_x$ conversion efficiency of 100% was obtained in the $V_2O_5(5wt%)/TiO_2$ SCR composition calcined at $650^{\circ}C$ in the relatively wider temperature range $250{\sim}350^{\circ}C$, while the catalytic efficiency considerably decreased for the $V_2O_5(10wt%)/TiO_2$. The lowered conversion efficiency of $NO_x$ observed in the $V_2O_5(10wt%)/TiO_2$ composition calcined at $650^{\circ}C$ was considered to be correlated with the lowered surface area resulting from the increased crystallite growth by highly reactive vanadium loading.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1983

The study was carried out to suggest on opinion of the standardization of size deviation in the existing raw silk testing method. 1. The present grade A of size deviation stipulates 4.61 to 5.80 of standard deviation for 50 to 69 denier of mean value, however, the 5.80 standard deviation with the mean values of 50 and 69 denier belong to different distribution. 2. It is reasonable that the variation coefficients of grade 2A should be lower than that of grade A. However, the present testing method shows larger variation in grade 2A than in grade A. This is illustrated 9.00 for 69 denier in grade 2A and 8.41 for 70 denier in grade A. 3. The size deviation value compares the quality of raw silk with different mean value. Therefore, the standard deviation is recommended to be replaced by the C.V. value in determining the grade of silk. 4. The C.V. have a tendency to increase with lower grades below 6A for the size deviation below 33 denier with some inconsistencies. The figures should be adjusted so that the C.V. inconsistencies size deviation below 33 denier will be corrected. 5. The standard deviation increases with size under the same grade for the size deviations above 33 denier, however, the C.V. does not vary greatly with size deviation. 6. To rectify the above-mentioned inconsistencies the C.V. conversion and curvilinear regresion correction is recommended to improve the present silk testing method 7. The table of size deviation standard are as follows: Suggested standard of size deviation, unit: C.V. Value

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1988

In the case of white cocoon, the fluorescence colors are classified as a yellowish fluorescence cocoon(Y.F.C.) and a violet fluorescence cocoon(V.F.C.) by exposing to ultra-violet ray. Accordingly, experiments were carried out to investigate the difference of sericin behaviors between Y.F.C. and V.F.C. by measuring the sericin solubility, surface tension and viscosity of the sericin solution. Also, the reelability of two different type of cocoons was investigated in the silk reeling process. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The sericin solubility of Y.F.C. shell is higher than that of V.F.C. shell with the dissolution temperature and time. It is shown that the sericin solubility curves of Y.F.c. and V.F.C. are similar in shape, but the difference of sericin solubility between Y.F.C. and V.F.C. is more significant at higher bath temperature. 2. The initial sericin dissolution curves of Y.F.C. and V.F.C. cocoon shell can be divided by four parts within the range of dissolving time from 5 minutes to 60 minutes. The initial dissolution velocity of Y.F.C. shell is faster than that of V.F.C. but the velocity difference is negligible after 30 minutes of dissolving time. 3. The gelation of V.F.C. sericin solution is faster than that of Y.F.C. at early stage(in the range of 15 minutes to 60 minutes). 4. In the silk reeling process, the reelability of Y.F.C. is better than that of V.F.C. with about 11%. This is mainly due to the higher sericin solubility in Y.F.C. followed by the fast dissolution velocity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1185-1189
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• 2005

Two new copper vanadium borophosphate compounds, $(NH_4)(C_2H_{10}N_2)_{5.5}[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_3[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6{\cdot}17H_2O,\;Cu-VBPO1\;and\;(NH_4)(C_2H_{10}N_2)_{3.5}[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_5[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6{\cdot}18H_2O$, Cu-VBPO2 have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The structure of Cu-VBPO1 contains a layer anion, {$[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_3[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6$}$^{12-}$, whereas Cu-VBPO2 has an open framework anion, {$[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_5[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6$}$^{8-}$. Crystal Data: $(NH_4)(C_2H_{10}N_2)_{5.5}[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_3[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6{\cdot}17H_2O$, monoclinic, space group I2/m (no. 12), $\alpha$ = 15.809(1) $\AA$, b = 31.107(2) $\AA$, c = 12.9343(8) $\AA$, $\beta$ = 104.325(1)$^{\circ}$, Z = 2; $(NH_4)(C_2H_{10}N_2)_{3.5}[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_5[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6{\cdot}18H_2O$, tetragonal, space group $P4_2$/mnm (no.136), $\alpha$ = 26.832(1) $\AA$, c = 18.021(1) $\AA$, Z = 4.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.637-640
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• 2009

In this work, we demonstrate 800 V 4H-SiC power DMOSFETs with several structural alterations to obtain a low threshold voltage ($V_{TH}$) and a high figure of merit ($V_B\;^2/R_{SP,ON}$), To optimize the device performance, we consider four design parameters; (a) the doping concentration ($N_{CSL}$) of current spreading layer (CSL) beneath the p-base region, (b) the thickness of p-base ($t_{BASE}$), (c) the doping concentration ($N_J$) and width ($W_J$) of a JFET region, (d) the doping concentration ($N_{EPI}$) and thickness ($t_{EPI}$) of epi-layer. These parameters are optimized using 2D numerical simulation and the 4H-SiC DMOSFET structure results in a threshold voltage ($V_{TH}$) below $^{\sim}$3.8 V, and high figure of merit ($V_B\;^2/R_{SP,ON}$>$^{\sim}$200 $MW/cm^2$) for a power MOSFET in $V_B\;^{\sim}$800 V range.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 1998

The ZnS:Mn thin film electroluminescent(TFEL) devices fabricated by ALE system were investigated. Yellow-orange light emission was observed when the applied voltage exceeded 134 V and luminance increased sharply as the applied voltage increased. Luminance of 568 Cd/c $m^{2}$ was obtained under 1 KHz sinusoidal voltage wave application at the peak applied voltage of 230 V. The peak wavelength of the emissionwas 577 nm. The C-V, Q-V, $Q_{t}$ - $F_{p}$ , L- $Q_{cond}$, and V- $Q_{pol}$ have been measured under theapplication of the trapezoidal wave with its pulse width varying 0 to 75 .mu.sec. The phoshor and the insulator capacitance of the TFEL device under test were 24.3 nF/c $m^{2}$ and 9 nF/c $m^{2}$, respectively. It was observed that the threshold voltage changed from 137V to 100V as the pulse width varied from 0 to 75 .mu.sec. The L- $Q_{cond}$ characteristics showed that the light emission increased in proportion to the $Q_{cond}$. The luminance increased from 386 Cd/ $m^{2}$ to 607 Cd/ $m^{2}$ when the $Q^{+}$$_{cond}$ increased from 1.3 .mu.C/c $m^{2}$ to 2.3 .mu.C/c $m^{2}$. The V- $Q_{pol}$ characteristics showed that the V was inversely proportional to $Q_{pol}$./. th/ was inversely proportional to $Q_{pol}$./. pol/./.