• 대한화학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.216-224
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• 1963

有機含鹽素 에스테르, 알콜, 및 산과 金屬亞鉛 및 錫을 dimethyl formanmide 溶媒存在下에서 反應시킨 結果 有機金屬 콤프렉스를 좋은 收率로 生成하였다. 같은 反應을 混合紫外線照射下에서 進行시킨 結果 高溫 以外에서는 콤프렉스의 生成이 크지못하였다. D.M.F.에 依한 金屬 콤프렉스의 溶解效果는 토루엘이나 사이크로헥산보다 훨씬 컸었다. 鹽素를 含有한 酸에서는 酸의 金屬鹽의 金屬 콤프렉스가 生成됨을 觀察하였다. 카보닐 precursor와의 反應에 있어서는 少量의 雙合物과 함께 附加物을 生成하였으나 收率이 높지 못하였다(산 30∼40%, 에스테르 73%, 알콜 14.6%). 그러나 이 方法은 從來法에 比하여 簡便한 것임을 알았다. 硏究結果를 溶媒效果에 關聯시켜 論議하였으며 實驗方式을 報告하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.710-715
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• 1997

김치를 제조하기 위해 배추를 절이는 과정에서 배추 중의 lipoxygenase를 측정하였다. 조효소액을 증가시킬수록 lipoxygenase의 활성이 증가하였고 최적 pH는 7.0이었다. Lipoxygenase를 억제하기 위하여 절임과 열처리를 사용하였다. 온도가 높아질수록 lipoxygenase는 억제되었고, $90^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 열처리를 한 경우 효소활성이 약 50%로 되었다. 13% 소금물에서 20시간 절임을 한 것과 열처리한 경우 효소의 저해효과는 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 온도가 높을수록 열처리 시간이 길수록 효소의 불활성 속도가 빨라짐을 볼 수 있었다. D값은 $70,\;80,\;90^{\circ}C$에서 각각 42, 20, 14분이었다. 염화칼슘을 첨가한 상태에서 열처리한 경우 염화칼슘을 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비하여 lipoxygenase의 활성이 높게 나타났다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence, morphology, and calcification pattern of the elongated styloid process in the Mathura population and its relation to gender, age, and mandibular movements. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 2,706 adults. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The limits of mandibular protrusion were evaluated for each subject. The data were analyzed by using a Student's t-test and chi-squared test with significance set at p=0.05. Results: Bilateral elongation having an "elongated" type styloid process with a "partially mineralized" pattern was the most frequent type of styloid process. No correlation was found between styloid process type and calcification pattern on the one hand and gender on the other, although elongated styloid was more prevalent in older and male populations (p<0.05). Further styloid process elongation showed no effect on mandibular protrusive movement (p>0.05). Conclusion: Dentists should recognize the existence of morphological variation in elongated styloid process or Eagle syndrome apparent on panoramic radiographs. We found higher prevalence of elongated styloid process in the population of the Mathura region when compared with other Indian populations. The calcification of the styloid process was more common in the older age group with no correlation to gender, mandibular movement and site. "Type I" with a "partially calcified" styloid process was observed more frequently in the population studied.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2018

The target area of the proposed study, Mamaia beach, is a narrow stretch of sand barrier island that sits between the Siutghiol Lake and the Black Sea. In the northern part of the bay, is located the Midia Port, where between 1966 and 1971 a long extension of 5 km of the offshore was built. Because of this extension, the natural flow of sediments has been significantly changed. Thus, the southern part of the Mamaia Bay had less sand nourishment which meant that the coast was eroding and to prevent it a protection of six dikes was built. After approximately forty years of coastal erosion, the south of the Mamaia Bay had in 2016 a new protection scheme, which includes first of all the beach nourishment and a new dike structure (groins scheme for protection) to protect it. From this perspective, the objective of the proposed study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the old Master plan against the new one by modeling the outcome of the two scenarios and to perform a comparison with a third one, in which the protection dikes do not exist and only the artificial nourishment has been done. In order to assess the wave processes and the current patterns along the shoreline, a complex computational framework has been applied in the target area. This joins the SWAN spectral phase averaged model with the 1D surf model. Furthermore, new UAV technology was also used to map out, chart and validate the numerical model outputs within the target zone for a better evaluation of the trends expected in the shoreline dynamics.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2011

Diabetes has been one of major health risks in industrialized countries. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been focused as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, because AMPK increases glucose uptake through independent insulin signal pathway. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of Angelica gigas Nakai extract (AGNEX), a mixture of decursin and decursinol angelate (53 : 47), decursin and decursinol angelate on blood glucose, glucose transport (GLUT) and AMPK expression levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To induce diabetes, 50 mg/kg of STZ was injected via i.v. route and AGNEX 2 mg/kg (STZ+AG), decursin 2 mg/kg (STZ+D), decursinol angelate 2 mg/kg (STZ+DA), and metformin 100 mg/kg (STZ+M) were administered orally for 21 days. STZ+DA group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels compared to the other groups. Decursinol angelate significantly upregulated expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) in skeletal muscle of rats. In pancreas of rats, decursinol angelate significantly increased expression of GLUT2 through down-regulation of p-AMPK. In addition to the result of pancreatic islets morphology, AGNEX, decursin, decursinol angelate, and metformin treated group recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage by hyperglycemia. These results indicate that decursinol angelate might be a potential anti-diabetic agent and AGNEX could be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.146.2-146.2
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• 2012

2008년부터 2012년에 걸친 관측기간 동안 총 21일간 관측하여 AA UMa의 BVRI 광도 곡선을 획득하였다. AA UMa의 I 필터 광도 곡선은 이번에 처음으로 얻어진 것이다. 또한 극심시각을 추가적으로 획득하기 위하여 2005 ~ 2008년까지 총 8일간 AA UMa의 극심 부근의 측광관측을 수행하였고, SuperWASP에서 공개하는 AA UMa의 측광 자료를 수집하여 총 31개의 새로운 극심시각을 결정하였다. 우리의 새로운 극심시각을 포함하여 83년 동안의 AA UMa 극심시각을 수집하여 총 250개의 극심시각으로 주기 변화연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 AA UMa 계는 $3.30{\times}10^{-11}d/yr$의 영년 주기 증가 위에 58.7년의 주기적인 변화가 겹쳐 발생한다. 주기적인 변화의 원인이 제3천체에 의해 발생한다고 가정했을 때 제3천체의 최소 질량은 $0.28M_{\odot}$이다. 이전 연구자의 광도곡선(Meinunger(1976), Wang et al.(1988), Lee et al(2011))을 수집하여 우리의 광도곡선(2008, 2012)과 함께 각각 주기변화가 보정된 통일된 기산점을 사용하여 광도곡선을 분석하였다. 모든 광도곡선에서 0.75 위상에서 밝기가 더 어두워지는 O'Connell effect가 발생하였고, 일부 광도곡선은 부식에서 식의 깊이가 주식보다 깊어지는 시기를 가진다. 이는 스펙트럼 유형이 F0-F5보다 만기형 별에서 흑점이 부식의 깊이에 영향을 주어 주식보다 깊어지는 AC Boo, TY UMa 등에서 보여 지는 특징이다. 우리는 WD 프로그램을 이용하여 광도곡선 중 B-V 색지수 그래프에서 식 이외부분에서 변화가 적고 광도곡선의 O'Connell effect의 크기가 작은 2008 광도곡선으로 광도해를 결정하였다. 전형적인 TY UMa형 별과 같이, 우리의 광도해 역시 W-subtype의 결과를 나타낸다. 결정된 광도해를 다른 광도곡선에도 적용시켜 광도곡선에 나타나는 흑점의 영향을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 주기 분석 결과와는 달리 제 3천체의 광도는 검출 되지 않았다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.637-654
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• 2011

The present paper studies the variation of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of rectangular plates carrying a three degree-of-freedom spring-mass system (subsystem), when the subsystem changes (stiffness, mass, moment of inertia, location). An analytical approach based on Lagrange multipliers as well as a finite element formulation are employed and compared. Numerically reliable results are presented for the first time, illustrating the convenience of using the present analytical method which requires only the solution of a linear eigenvalue problem. Results obtained through the variation of the mass, stiffness and moment of inertia of the 3-DOF system can be understood under the effective mass concept or Rayleigh's statement. The analysis of frequency values of the whole system, when the 3-DOF system approaches or moves away from the center, shows that the variations depend on each particular mode of vibration. When the 3-DOF system is placed in the center of the plate, "new" modes are found to be a combination of the subsystem's modes (two rotations, traslation) and the bare plate's modes that possess the same symmetry. This situation no longer exists as the 3-DOF system moves away from the center of the plate, since different bare plate's modes enable distinct motions of the 3-DOF system contributing differently to the "new' modes as its location is modified. Also the natural frequencies of the compound system are nearly uncoupled have been calculated by means of a first order eigenvalue perturbation analysis.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The ignition delay of a dual fuel system has been numerically investigated by adopting a constant volume chamber as a model problem simulating diesel engine relevant conditions. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism, consisting of 28 species and 135 elementary reactions, of dimethyl ether (DME) with methane ($CH_{4}$) sub-mechanism has been used in conjunction with the multi-dimensional reactive flow KIVA-3V code to simulate the autoignition process. The start of ignition was defined as the moment when the maximum temperature in the combustion vessel reached to 1900 K with which a best agreement with existing experiment was achieved. Ignition delays of liquid DME injected into air at various high pressures and temperatures compared well with the existing experimental results in a combustion bomb. When a small quantity of liquid DME was injected into premixtures of $CH_{4}$/air, the ignition delay times of the dual fuel system are longer than that observed with DME only, especially at higher initial temperatures. The variation in the ignition delay between DME only and dual fuel case tend to be constant for lower initial temperatures. It was also found that the predicted values of the ignition delay in dual fuel operation are dependent on the concentration of the gaseous $CH_{4}$ in the chamber charge and less dependent on the injected mass of DME. Temperature and equivalence ratio contours of the combustion process showed that the ignition commonly starts in the boundary at which near stoichiometric mixtures could exists. Parametric studies are also conducted to show the effect of additive such as hydrogen peroxide in the ignition delay. Apart from accurate predictions of ignition delay, the coupling between multi-dimensional flow and multi-step chemistry is essential to reveal detailed features of the ignition process.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
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• pp.206-233
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• 1994

The Medical Research Council has for some years encouraged collaborative clinical trials in leukaemia and other cancers, reporting the results in the medical literature. One unreported result which deserves such publication is the development of the expertise to design and analyse such trials. This report was prepared by a group of British and American statisticians, but it is intended for people without any statistical expertise. Part!, which appears in this issue, discusses the design of such trials; Part II, which will appear separately in the January 1977 issue of the Journal, gives full instructions for the statistical analysis of such trials by means of life tables and the logrank test, including a worked example, and discusses the interpretation of trial results, including brief reports of particular trials. Both parts of this report are relevant to all clinical trials which study time to death, and would be equally relevant to clinical trials which study time to other particular classes of untoward event: first stroke, perhaps, or first relapse, metastasis, disease recurrence, thrombosis, transplant rejection, or death from a particular cause. Part I, in this issue, collects together ideas that have mostly already appeared in the medical literature, but Part II, next month, is the first simple account yet published for non-statistical physicians of how to analyse efficiently data from clinical trials of survival duration. Such trials include the majority of all clinical trials of cancer therapy; in cancer trials, however, it may be preferable to use these statistical methods to study time to local recurrence of tumour, or to study time to detectable metastatic spread, in addition to studying total survival. Solid tumours can be staged at diagnosis; if this, or any other available information in some other disease is an important determinant of outcome, it can be used to make the overall logrank test for the whole heterogeneous trial population more sensitive, and more intuitively satisfactory, for it will then only be necessary to compare like with like, and not, by chance, Stage I with Stage III.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

토브라마이신은 그람음성균 감염에 사용하는 아미노글리코사이드계 항생제로 이독성 및 신독성 등의 부작용과 큰 개인차로 혈중농도 모니터를 통한 투여계획이 필요한 약물이다. 본 연구에서는 16명의 위암환자에서 비선형 최소자승 회귀분석과 베이시안 분석에 의한 토브라마이신의 약물동태에 분석오차의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 약물투여는 토브라마이신 1-2 mg/kg을 30분에 걸쳐 8시간 간격으로 등속 주입하였으며, 혈액 채취는 정상상태에 도달되었다고 판단되는 첫 약물투여 72시간 후에, 약물 주입 5분전과 주입이 끝난 뒤 30분과 2시간에서 세차례 채취하였다. 혈청중 약물농도는 형광편광면역법으로 측정 하였다. 분석오차를 위해 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 및 12 ${\mu}g/mL$에 해당하는 토브라마이신 혈중농도(C)을 네차례 측정하여 각 혈중농도의 표준편차 (SD)을 구하였다. 토브라마이신 분석오차를 구하기 위한 다항식이 SD = 0.0224+0.0540C+0.00173C2, $R^2$ = 0.935이었다. 이 식에서 구한 SD 값으로 분석시 가중치를 주었을 때, 비선형 최소자승 회귀분석에 의한 토브라마이신의 약물동태학적 파라메타 ($V_d$, $K_{el}$, $K_{slpoe}$, $t_{1/2}$)에 유의성있는 영향을 주었으나, 베이시안 분석에 의한 토브라마이신의 약물동태학적 파라메타에는 영향이 없었다. 이 다항식으로 부터 구한 분석오차를 토브라마이신의 비선형 최소자승 회귀분석을 이용한 약물동태 연구 및 파라메타 분석에 적용하여 좀 더 정확한 투여용량을 결정할 수 있으며, 더 나아가 토브라마이신 약물동태 시뮬레이션 연구에 응용할 수 있다.