• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.63 no.6
• /
• pp.56-68
• /
• 2013

A purpose of this study is to do fundamental research of construction of coat patterns in the Daehan Empire in order to make replicas of the costumes. This study is composed of literature research, investigation of artifacts, and experiment of pattern making. The results of this study are as follows. First, even if the 15th Court Dress Rules regulated color, fabric, number of flower, width of braid, and size of button, there was no regulation regarding the shape of the coat. The analysis of the photos in those periods shows that the style of the tailcoat was different from that of today in the length of the front, the shape of breast and collar. Second, six artifacts in the collection showed that the shoulder line and the sideline were located on the further rear side than the current tailcoat. This can be confirmed in the western and Japanese pattern book, and especially the pattern drafting method in the books published in Japan in 1900s is different from current one in setting base lines of front bodice and back bodice. As a result, based on several experiments, this study proposes how to make coat patterns. The shoulder line, the sideline, and the princess line should be located in the back of the dress similar to the shape of swallowtail coats of 1900s. The front bodice should be constructed without the composition line in order to add embroidery on it. The collar, which shape looks like long half moon, should form V-shape neckline in the front breast when adjusting dress. The sleeves should be constructed top and down, and it should curve more than the modern design.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1989

For identifying the cause of the difference from the texture of mealy potatoes-Namjak and soomi- and soggy Potatoes-Daeji and Dowon-, starch and pectic substances and their relating materials were analyzed, and polygalacturonase(PG) activity was measured. The shape and size of Namjak and soomi starch granules were circular and diameter ranged from 0.02 to 0.024 mm. In the meanwhile, Daeji and Dowon had two sizes of starch granules; larger one tend to be oval in shape and diameter of longer side ranged from 0.04 to 0.045 mm, that of narrower side ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 mm and smaller one was rather circular in shape and average deameter was below 0.005 mm. Oval shaped potato starch grancules under polarized light showed dark cross of V-shape, whereas circular granules showed cross shape. Total sharch contents of Namjak and soomi were higher than that of Daeji and Dowon. The changes of pectic substances were the decrease of the insoluble pectin and the increase of the soluble pectin, and the reduction of the total pectic substance content after cooking. This phenomena were more prominent in Namjak and Soomi than in Daeji and Sowon. PG activities of Namjak and Soomi were greater than Daeji and Dowon. Calcium contents of Namjak and Soomi were lower than Daeji and Dowon. Phytic acid contents of Namjak, Soomi, Daeji and Dowon were 0.093%, 0.096%, 0.078%, and 0.081%, respectively. Hardness of Namjak and Soomi were less than Daeji and Dowon. The mealy potatoes had higher starch contents, higher tendency to pectin solubilization, higher PG activities, lower calcium contents and less hardness than the soggy Potatoes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2019

Background Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction is the final stage of breast reconstruction. Ideal reconstruction of the NAC requires symmetry in position, size, shape, texture, pigmentation, and permanent projection, and although many technical descriptions of NAC reconstruction exist in the medical literature, there is no gold standard technique. The technique devised by the authors is very versatile, with excellent results, and it enables 1-step reconstruction with optimal results in terms of shape and nipple projection. Methods Our technique consists of a combination of modified local flaps and a full-thickness skin graft. Patients were observed for 18 months to estimate the amount of retraction. This procedure was performed in 40 patients, four of them bilaterally. The duration of the follow-up was 30 months. Complications occurred in 10% of patients, and included infections (5%), ischemia (2.5%), and hematoma (2.5%). Results No cases of total nipple necrosis were reported. The NAC shape remained optimal in all cases, with a very small reduction of the vertical and horizontal diameters of the areola, which maintained its designed round shape well, and negligible retraction in the diameter and projection of the nipple. Conclusions The oval technique represents a major step forward, involving a combination of existing techniques, such as the C-V flap and the cutaneous graft, to achieve excellent results regarding areola shape and nipple projection, significantly reducing the cases of nipple ischemia. These results were substantially obtained through subcutaneous equatorial sutures, skin grafting, and flattening of the apexes of the flap.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.15 no.4 s.57
• /
• pp.296-304
• /
• 2005

This study is to observe stray currents generated around the steel tower by domestic transmission network system and analysis stability of electric detonator. It is measured the stay current of each ten place at steel tower of 765 kV, 345 tV, 154 tV transmission line among domestic transmission network system. Stay currents measured a total of 40m at intervals of 4m toward a line direction and a line vertical direction centering around steel tower. Temperature of the surface, EC, water content also are measured. Although stay currents show the highest values, that is 12 percent of at 4m and less than 1 percent of 40m with Institute of Makers of Explosives(IME) regulations. It is shown correlation between stay currents and water content$\cdot$EC$\cdot$temperature of the surface. Stay currents measured at line direction and line vertical direction were little different and the shape of diminution was also shown a similar aspect.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.793-798
• /
• 2016

In this work, the memory window characteristics of vertical nanowire device with asymmetric source and drain was analyzed using bipolar junction transistor mode for 1T-DRAM application. A gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFET with higher doping concentration in the drain region than in the source region was used. The shape of GAA MOSFET was a tapered vertical structure that the source area is larger than the drain area. From hysteresis curves using bipolar junction mode, the memory windows were 1.08V in the forward mode and 0.16V in the reverse mode, respectively. We observed that the latch-up point was larger in the forward mode than in the reverse mode by 0.34V. To confirm the measurement results, the device simulation has been performed and the simulation results were consistent in the measurement ones. We knew that the device structure with higher doping concentration in the drain region was desirable for the 1T-DRAM using bipolar junction mode.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2006

Rutile single crystals grown by skull melting method were cut parallel and perpendicular to growth axis, and both sides of the cut wafers (${\phi}5.5mmx1.0mm$) were then polished to be mirror surfaces. The black wafers were changed into pale yellow color by annealing in air at 1200 and $1300^{\circ}C$ for $3{\sim}15\;and\;10{\sim}50$ hours, respectively. After annealing, structural and optical properties were examined by specific gravity (S.G), SEM-electron backscattered pattern (SEM-EBSP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR transmittance spectra, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These results are analyzed increase of weight in air, decrease of weight in water and specific gravity, shown secondary phase of needle shape, diffusion of oxygen ion and increase of $Ti^{3+}$. From the above results, we suggest that the skull melting method grown rutile single crystals contain defect centers such as $O_v,\;Ti^{3+},\;O_v-Ti^{3+}$ interstitials and $F^+-H^+$.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2003

The crystallized stable cobalt silicide$(CoSi_2)$ films were prepared on $poly-Si/SiO_2/Si$substrates for the application of inkjet printing head as a heating element with omega shape. The structural images and temperature resistance coefficient were investigated. The value of temperature resistance coefficient of the heating element was found to be about $0.0014/^{\circ}C$. The maximum power of the heating element was 2 W at the applied voltage of 2 V, 10 kHz in frequency and $1{\mu}s$ in pulse width. From the investigation of fatigue property according to the repeated applied voltages, there was no drastic changes in the resistances of heating element under the condition of $10^8$ pulsed cycles at below 15 V biased voltage. In contrast, the resistance of heating element was greatly increased at $10^6$ pulsed cycles when the heating element was operated at 17 V.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2002

We designed the flyback planar transformer, which had 8 W capacity, with 70 V input voltage and 8.2 V output voltage for the establishment of design method and the confirmation of application possibility. The numerical value of inductance measured under the switching frequency of 120 kHz was 1650 $\mu$H, which was the inductance efficiency of'85∼87% against theoretical value. The A.C. resistance of primary and secondary coil was 4.2 Ω and 0.25 Ω respectively, On the other hand, the quality factor for each wound numbers showed quite a high value of 158 and 75 respectively. And the Coupling Factor was 0.96∼0.97 under 120 kHz switching frequency. The inductance rapidly increased as the thickness of the core plane increased until it became 1.4 mm but under the thickness more than 1.4 mm, there was no substantial change. Therefore, the critical value of the plane thickness of core was 1.4 mm. And the shape of the output wave of the planar transformer at 70V input voltage was a stable square wave.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2002

The use of an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometric amplitude modulator to measure a relatively low frequency electric field strength is described. The sensitivity of an electric field sensor using a Ti:LiNbO$_3$ optical modulator is strongly affected by the shape of a electrode(probe antenna). To measure the low frequency electric field, a probe antenna of wide effective area is more useful than the usual dipole antenna. As a proof of this, the optical modulator was fabricated with a plate-type probe antenna and the usefulness of this antenna tested for measuring low frequency electric field strength. Measurements were performed in the range 0.1V/cm to 60V/cm at 60Hz through 100KHz. Using a probe antenna of 10mm$\times$10mm, the output voltage of 10㎷ was measured with respect to the electric field strength of 0.1V/cm at 60Hz. By increasing the effective area of the probe antenna, better sensitivity is obtainable over the measured range.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.134-145
• /
• 1996

Since the skid-steer loader is able to work for excavating, lifting and transporting load even at the narrow space, they are widely used in the regular farm and the livestock farm. The skid-steer loader normally adopts the hydrostatic transmission because the power to move the machine backward and forward should be delivered independently on both sides of wheels. Contrast to the mechanical system such as chain and belt transmissions, however, the hydrostatic transmission is less efficient in the use of energy and more difficult in the maintenance. This study was intended to investigate the feasibility of using triangular-type belt clutch and V-belt transmission for the newly developed skid-steer loader in order to overcome the problems stated in the hydrostatic transmission. In the developed triangular-type belt clutch, the centers of driving, driven and idler sheaves are arranged in the triangular shape in a plane, and V-belts were loaded loosely on three sheaves. The power is transmitted by pressing the idler connected to a lever on the loosened V-belt. Contrast to the normal belt clutch using two sheaves, the newly developed belt clutch has the characteristics of small contact-angle of the driving sheave at no bucket load and increasing contact-angle at the time of power transmission. The results of research can be summarized as follows: 1) The developed triangular-type belt clutch adopted a spring-loaded slackside idler which could transmit more power than a fixed idler could by sacrificing the belt life. The life of V-belt used in the power transmission reached at 500 hours(6 months) when the engine power of 11.8 ㎾ was transmitted. Also, it was feasible to develop the large industrial skid-loader with the V-belt transmission by using the proper set of sheaves. 2) The developed skid-steer loader changed the rotating radius and speed with bucket loads as the conventional skid steer loader did. The rotating speed was 47 deg/s at the maximum bucket load of 2.74 kN when the minimum rotating radius was 1.5m. 3) The power required in turning at the bucket load of 2.74 kN was 4 ㎾ and the slippage of V-belt was less than 1%.