• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

Common utility tunnel is essential to the daily lives of people underground utilities (electricity, gas and supply facilities such as water, communication facilities, sewer facilities, etc.) to improve the appearance by co-acceptance and disaster prevention, important for the conservation of the city's population was concentrated road construction the city-based facilities. There is recognition of the importance of the various supply treatment facilities in common utility tunnel as infrastructure to accommodate joint according to the city expanded, the demand for infrastructure. In this paper, a cost-benefit analysis using a one-time occurrence, without simply relying on cost or current cost, project manager for the city-dimensional feasibility study conducted, the user level of the maintenance costs and user costs, including social costs items from various angles can be investigated and proposed a mechanism of economic feasibility common utility tunnel. Evaluation of the proposed technique is cost-benefit and cost caused by installing common utility tunnel the existing pipeline area - was investigated by the benefit analysis, extended and repeated common utility tunnel installation depends much affected by the excavation, so users of reducing the number of repeat excavation convenience can be seen that this occurs.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2015

This study examined the factors which have influence on the welfare facilities for the elderly and analyzes their efficiency. It investigated theoretical studies and preceding studies and divided the efficiency evaluation factors into input and output factors. Input factors included budget, the number of workers and clients and facility area and output factors were operation management, the number of clients, profitability and welfare for the elderly. To sum up the analysis results of evaluation factors of welfare facilities for the elderly, the analysis of relative importance of input showed that budget was most important. As a result of analyzing the relative importance among detailed items, balance sheet and professional manpower were highest. Input factors by facility types showed that the budget for utility facilities and living facilities were highest. In output factors, utility facilities and living facilities were highest in management systematization and welfare for the elderly, respectively. In efficiency evaluation, utility facilities for the elderly showed 100% of efficiency in CCR and BCC models. In welfare facilities for the elderly, while CCR model showed 100% of efficiency in facility types A, C, D, and F, the efficiency was low in facility B (79.89%), E (77.14%), and G (80.72%). In BCC model, facility E was low as 78.69%. In efficiency comparison between utility facilities and living facilities for the elderly welfare, the efficiency of utility facilities for the elderly welfare was higher. Therefore, this study investigated the efficiency of welfare facilities for the elderly as its main purpose and presented policy suggestions based on the research results as the alternative.

• 기술사
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2000

The automatic utility program in electrical facilities has specially developed to fulfill the needs of electric CAD designers . Designers had separately managed the designing factors such as design, estimates and calculation sheets . However, this automatic utility program produces calculation sheets and volume reports simultaneously while designed. The program also accumulates all data automatically in database in order to be utilized as the statistics and the design data for later project management. Moreover, it is easy for new and inexperienced users to access by using the standard electric symbol libraries and utility modules.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.115-131
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• 1997

지하매설물은 지방자치단체, 통신공사, 전력공사, 도시가스회사, 지역난방공사 등 관리주체가 다양하며, 서로 다른 기본도 사용에 따른 중복투자발생, 관리부서별 다양한 도면 및 대장자료의 산재, 다양한 관리기관별 업무협조체제의 부재로 인해 통합된 정보부재 등의 문제를 안고 있다. 선진외국에서 GIS를 이용하여 지하매설물을 체계적으로 관리하고, 도시안전관리에도 기여함을 고려할 때, 지하매설물의 효율적 관리방안으로서 GIS 도입에 대한 연구가 절실함을 느낀다. 본 연구에서는 첫째 지하매설물 관리기관별 지하매설물 관리실태를 파악하고 둘째 서울시 지하매설물 관련기관에서 사용할 수 있는 확장성있는 데이터베이스 표준안을 작성하였으며 셋째 지하매설물 데이터베이스 구축에 있어 탐사에 의한 방법과 기존의 각 관리기관에서 보유하고 있는 도면을 이용하는 방법에 대한 가능성 검증 및 기존도면을 이용하여 데이터베이스를 구축하는 경우의 입력절차를 제안하고, 넷째 데이터베이스 구축 후 유지관리를 위한 방안에 대한 대안을 제시하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2011

This study examined the emission characteristics of impure gas-like hydrogen sulfide and siloxane contained in landfill gas (LFG) and investigated the effect of impure gas on LFG utility facilities. As a result of an LFG component analysis from eight landfills in the same environment, hydrogen sulfide averaged 436 ppmv (22-1,211 ppmv), and the concentration of total siloxane averaged 7.95 mg/$m^3$ (1.85-21.18 mg/$m^3$). In case of siloxane concentration by component, the ratio of D4 (average 3.79 mg/$m^3$) and D5 (average 2.64 mg/$m^3$) indicated the highest level. Different kinds of scales were found on the gas air heater (GAH) and inside the boiler. The major component of scale from the GAH was $Fe_2O_3$ of 38.5%, and it was caused by hydrogen sulfide. Other scale was found on the bottom and the wall of the boiler and the scale was silicon dioxide of 92.8% and 98.9%. The silicon dioxide scale was caused by combustion of siloxane. As a result of a scanning electron microscopy analysis, the structure of the silicon dioxide scale from the boiler was an immediate filamentous type. Consequently, as silicon dioxide scale is bulky, such bad effects were worsening, as an interruption in heat conduction, increase in fuel consumption, damage to the boiler by overheating, and clogged emission pipeline could occur in LFG utility facilities.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.188-195
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• 2022

Although issuing change orders is a common practice in the construction phase of any project, non-structural utility subcontractors are struggling and seek to find a way to reduce change orders. Therefore, this paper presents the analysis results on change orders to cultivate possible suggestions and solutions on how to reduce or minimize change orders in mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) works. Change orders in non-structural utility works are analyzed based on six categories such as rerouting and change of location, changes in weight, rejected design by Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, District Structural Engineer, or the Structural Engineer of Record, unforeseen conditions, changed equipment, and owner-initiated change. The analysis findings showed that rerouting and changing location is the most significant cause, followed by unforeseen conditions. The results not only contribute to the existing body of knowledge on change order research area, but also help MEP contractors reduce the time and cost of change orders.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

지하공동구는 도시 및 공동주택 단지에 반드시 필요한 전력, 통신, 가스, 송유관, 급 배수, 에너지시설 등을 효과적으로 수용하고 도시기반시설의 확장에 따라 파생되는 여러 가지의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 시설물을 한곳으로 모아 유지 및 관리하는 시설이다. 지하공동구가 훼손될 경우 국가안보는 물론 사회전반에 미치는 파장이 지대하므로 화재예방 활동 및 진압대 책상 취약점 등을 분석하여 우리 실정에 맞는 방재 대책을 도출하여 공동구의 설계, 제도적인 문제, 방화시설의 문제, 화재확산현상 등을 분석하여 종합적인 화재위험을 분석하여 화재예방활동과 진압대책을 수립하여야 한다. 지하공동구는 밀폐 폐쇄된 공간이므로 산소공급 부족으로 인한 불완전 연소 등으로 농연, 일산화탄소 등 유독성연소생성물의 발생과 열기의 충만 및 시야장해로 진입이 곤란 하는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 현상은 지상화재보다는 지하 화재의 특수성에 비추어 볼 때 화재예방활동은 물론이고 소방전술에서 취약하므로 화재의 효율적인 소방전술이 되기 위해서는 화재의 특이성을 감안하여 유관기관에서는 현장대응 지휘체제를 확립하고, 대응기관에서는 평상시 공동구에 대한 구조파악과 필요한 각종 정보를 수집 기록하고 24시간 관리공조체제 유지 및 대응기관에서 가상종합훈련을 강화하여야하며 근본적으로 공동구내에 설치되어 있는 케이블의 난연화 불연화 및 연소 확대 방지를 위한 대책 등이 필요하다.

• 전기저널
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• 9호통권93호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1984

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 도시 특성변수와 도시계획시설 공급패턴의 상관성을 업무 담당자의 직무에 대한 견해와 다변량분석을 시행하여 도시관리계획 수립단계에서 사업의 효과를 극대화 할 수 있도록 자발적인 주민 참여와 의견을 행정에 반영하여 제도적으로 주민참여를 적극적으로 유도할 수 있도록 하였으며 도시계획시설의 공급특성에 따른 관리방안으로서 중요도와 효용성이 높은 시설인 도로, 공원, 상하수도 시설 동은 선계획 및 후개발 정책을 강화하고 효율과 형평의 요소를 조화시킬 수 있도록 정부의 서비스 공급을 축소하고 민간서비스가 가능한 행정에 대해서는 민간참여를 확대해 나가는 관리방안이 필요하고 향후 효율적인 도시관리를 수행하기 위해서는 공공서비스의 공급 수행을 정부가 공급하는 확대지향적인 성향을 억제하고, 민간참여를 위축하는 각종 규제를 대폭 완화하여 민영화를 확대하는 방향으로 법과 제도를 보완하는 도시계획시설의 관리방안 체계를 구축해야 한다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2016

This research was completed to provide fundamental data regarding the guidelines to installing and managing utility facilities & structures in wetland protected area to advance the functions and sustainable use of ecology services by preserving the ecology within wetland protected area. There were 5 on-site researching areas that were used as the main subject with these areas chosen and considered from 21 inland wetlands that have been designated and are being managed from the Ministry of Environment and by their designated dates as a wetland protected area. The utility facilities in these wetland areas were categorized by their types and a detailed on-site investigation was proceeded with investigation items chosen whereas these facilities are working by their roles from their location, size, used materials, types, information contents and etc., The results showed that regarding informational structures, several locations of information boards were distanced from the main exploring routes which did not consider the visitor's eye level which had their readability dropped and by sunlight, time lapse and water penetration, many information boards were damaged or corrupted so that it was hard to confirm the information noticed or understanding an image. Insufficient observation and educational structures were installed that considered the ecological characteristics of wild animals and their living conditions. Regarding convenience facilities, there were parking lots that were installed on the fore-land and to decrease non-point solution sources, some parking lots needed to be located in protected lowlands while some facilities' shape and colors did not harmonize with their natural surroundings, creating a sense of awareness, which will need some more consideration. As for safety facilities, they were very insufficient compared to other facilities. This means that additional safety structures are needed so that related personnel can be aware of where a visitor is located when an accident occurs. Protectional facilities strongly needed new structures and a management system to cut off entrances and do surveillance so that visitors do not go into areas outside of the managed areas and bring damages to restricted locations. Research labs needed to expand the use of automatic weather systems and water gauge equipments to build fundamental data regarding floodgates that are intimated to the forming of wetlands. Sensor cameras and other types of monitoring systems are needed to monitor the majority types of animals living in the wetlands as well.