• 제목/요약/키워드: Utility Factors

검색결과 526건 처리시간 0.029초

소세포 폐암에서 DNA 배수성과 생존 기간과의 관계 (Relationship between DNA ploidy and Survival Time in Small Cell Lung Cancer)

  • 송중호;양세훈;정병학;정은택
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.314-321
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    • 1995
  • 연구배경: 종양세포는 세포의 비정상적인 분열성장이 증가되므로, 세포내의 DNA가 양적인 변화를 일으킨다. DNA의 양적변화인 DNA ploidy 여부는 종양의 생물학적 특성을 반영하므로, 소세포 폐임에서 DNA ploidy의 변화와 생존기간을 비교하였다. 방법: 1990년 1월부터 1991년 12월까지 원광의대 부속병원에서 원발성 소세포 폐암으로 조직병리학적 진단을 받고나서, 2회 이상의 화학요법을 실시받은 후, 최소 2년이상의 후향적 추적에 의해 사망이 확인된 42례를 대상으로 하였다. DNA ploidy 분석방법은 paraffin에 보관된 병리조직을 이용하여 유식세포 분석법에 의한 DNA histogram으로 분석하였다. DNA ploidy 여부와 평균 생존기간을 비교하였으며, 다시 TNM 병기, PS scale, 화학요법 실시 횟수 등으로 세분하여 DNA ploidy 여부와 생존기간과의 관계를 재비교하였다. 결과: 1) 전 군의 평균 생존기간은 190(${\pm}156$)일이었으며, TNM 병기, PS scale이 진행할 수록 생존기간은 단축되었다. 2) 전 군에서 DNA aneuploidy의 발현 비율은 60%(26/42)였으며, 암의 진행정도와는 관계없었다. 3) 전 군에서의 평균 생존기간은 diploidy군이 272(${\pm}197$)일로서 aneuploidy 군의 138(${\pm}90$)일보다 유의하게 연장되었다(p<0.001). 4) DNA ploidy 여부에 의한 생존기간의 차이에 대한 TNM 병기, PS scale의 영향은 없었다. 결론: 소세포 폐암 환자에서 DNA aneuploidy 군은 diploidy 군보다 유의하게 생존기간이 짧았으며, DNA ploidy 여부는 TNM 병기, PS scale과는 무관한 예후추정 인자로서 임상적 이용아 가능하다고 생각된다.

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오리나무 열매를 이용한 생물처리장치에서의 톨루엔 가스 처리효율 특성 (Characterization of Toluene Vapor Removal Efficiency Using Alnus Firma Fruit in a Biological Treatment Process)

  • 공남식;차수길;서정윤
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.689-699
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    • 2003
  • This study was to examine characteristics of treating toluene vapor, which gets to be problematic due to its harmful carcinogenicity and mass generation from various sources, through a biological treatment facility which is environment-friendly and adopts a high-efficient and low-cost clean technology. In order to identify whether Alnus Firma Fruit (AFF) can be used as a media for a bioreactor, its utility and basic operating factors, a study was conducted on pressure drop, supply of nutrient substances and retention time which are operating factors of a biofilter, and eliminating characteristics were compared between AFF and the conventional biological activatedcarbon (BAC) widely used as filter media. In the case of AFF, the initial microbial deposits was 2.3${\times}$10$^{7}$ CFU/g dry AFF, which represents the initial microbial density higher than the case of BAC showing 5.5${\times}$10$^{6}$ CFU/g dry BAC And it took about 2 weeks to acclimate until its eliminating rate got to be increased over 90%. As a result of comparing pressure loss taking place with the lapse of time between BAC and AFF, after 130 days passed at SV 25h$^{-1}$ , BAC showed that its eliminating efficiency had a tendency to drop greatly due to a great pressure loss (0.53\longrightarrow54.7 mm$H_2O$/m) caused by an excess of biomass as accumulated. On the other hand. AFF showed that the pressure drop was 0.53 mm$H_2O$/m, about 2 times as much as the initial pressure loss of 0.4 mm$H_2O$/m, which represents no great change in the pressure loss, and its eliminating efficiency was also shown to be continuously high. Therefore, when AFF was used as a filler for a biological treatment facility, a biological filter enabling improvement of the purifying efficiency to be promoted could be provided, and moreover, the pressure loss was so small that the filler replacement cycle or the back flushing cycle could be extended. So, even in terms of the operating cost, it was identified to be an economical filler When an inorganic material was used as a filler, the biofilters performance acted sensitively on whether nutrient substances were supplied or not. In the case of AFF with low adsorptivity, addition of ethyl-alcohol increased the solubility of toluene, and consequently, biodegradation got to be actively made by microbes, and thus, its eliminating rate could be increased. As the flow velocity and the inflow concentration got to be more increased, its eliminating rate got to be lower, and particularly, an increase in the flow velocity made its eliminating rate drop more greatly than an increase in the concentration.

호텔기업의 서번트 리더십이 리더만족과 추가적 노력에 미치는 영향 (A Study on the Influence of Servant Leadership in Hotel Organization on the Attitude of Employees)

  • 윤대균;장병주
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.107-123
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 선행요인인 서번트 리더십, 매개요인인 리더에 대한 신뢰, 그리고 결과요인인 리더만족, 추가적 노력 사이에 어떠한 관계가 있는지에 대한 모형을 제시하고 이들 요인 상호간의 관련성을 검증해 보고자 한다. 실증분석을 위한 측정대상은 서울, 경주, 부산 대구 지역의 특1급 관광호텔 종사원으로 한정하였으며, 특히 호텔종사원을 측정대상으로 한 것은 호텔 조직이 리더와 구성원간의 행동반응이 민감하게 나타나므로 본 연구의 유용성을 정확하게 판별하기 위해서이다. 본 연구에서는 서번트 리더십에 대한 기초이론을 체계화하였고 다음으로 서번트 리더십 관련 기존 연구에서는 서번트 리더십에 대한 요인구조를 제시하여 주지 못하고 있으나, 본 연구에서는 호텔종사원을 대상으로 서번트 리더십의 요인구조를 탐색적으로 보여 주었다는 점이고 또한 호텔기업의 인사관리자의 입장에서 리더십 프로그램을 분별하는데 있어 하나의 기준이 될 수 있다. 특히, 신입사원의 서번트 리더십을 배양하기 위해서는 서번트 리터십의 하위 행동특성이라고 할 수 있는 도덕성과 자긍심 정도는 검증해 볼 필요가 있다. 그리고 조직의 목표를 효과적으로 달성하기 위한 중간관리자의 변화를 위해 서번트 리더십 육성프로그램을 개발하는데 사용될 수 있다.

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엔트로피 개념을 이용한 개수로에서 등류 및 부등류 흐름의 전단응력 산정 (The Estimation of Shear Stress in Uniform and Nonuniform Flow by the Entropy Concept)

  • 추연문;추태호;양다운;김중훈
    • 한국습지학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.202-210
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    • 2017
  • 전단응력은 여러 분야에서 사용하는 매우 중요한 역학 인자 중 하나이며, 인공수로의 설계를 위해서 중요하다. 현재 전단응력은 과거에 정해진 계산법을 사용하고 있지만, 사용되는 식에서 바닥전단응력과 에너지경사와 같이 실제로 측정하거나 계산하기 어려운 요소들이 존재한다. 특히, 에너지경사는 산정하기 매우 어려운 인자이며, 전단응력분포를 구하기위해서는 에너지경사가 있어야만 산정할 수 있지만, 경계층의 유속기울기와 유속을 측정하는 것은 현실적으로 어려운 부분이다. 또한 전단응력분포 중 바닥전단응력은 직접 측정하기 매우 어렵고, 유속에 비해 연구가 다소 더딘 실정이다. 전단응력분포를 정확하게 산정할 수 있다면, 바닥전단응력과 에너지경사를 손쉽게 산정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 에너지경사를 반영하지 않고 엔트로피 M을 이용하여 평균유속과 전단응력분포를 간단히 산정하는 연구를 진행하였고, 적용한 식의 효용성을 증명하기 위해 기존의 실험실 실측 자료를 사용하였다. 이는 그래프를 통해 응력분포를 나타내어 비교분석을 하였으며, 등류와 부등류에서 각각 결정계수는 0.930-0.998까지로 거의 일치하였다.

답(沓) 이용도(利用度) 제고(提高)를 위(爲)한 조사(調査) 연구(硏究) (Investigation on the Efficient Utilization of Paddies in Korea)

  • 최범열;김영래;김문규;최창열;조재성;김달웅;김충수
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.151-177
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    • 1975
  • 충남지방(忠南地方)의 답이용도(沓利用度) 제고(提高)를 위(爲)한 기초정보(基礎情報)를 얻기 위(爲)하여 충남(忠南)의 입지적(立地的)인 조건(條件)과 아울러 답이용현황(沓利用現況) 및 답이용도(沓利用度)의 제고(提高)를 조해(阻害)하는 요인(要人)을 분석(分析)하고 보다 생산성(生産性) 높은 작업(作業) 및 경종체계를 모색(摸索)하였던바 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 답전후작(沓前後作)을 기피(忌避)하는 일차적(一次的)인 원인(原因)은 논의 배수불량(排水不良)이었고 이차적(二次的)인 원인(原因)은 이앙기(移秧期)에 지장(支障)을 초래(招來)한다는 점(点)이었고 삼차적(三次的)인 원인(原因)은 노동력(勞動力) 부족(不足)이었다. 2. 답전후작(沓前後作)을 수행(遂行)하는 농가(農家)는 대부분영세농(大部分零細農)으로서 자가식량(自家食糧)을 대보를 위(爲)한 소규모재배(小規模栽培)가 많았으며 주작목(主作目)은 보리였다. 3. 충남(忠南)의 기조적(氣條的)인 조건(條件)을 고려(考慮)할 때 대체로 답전후작물(沓前後作物)의 수확기(收穫期)는 6월(月)10일(日)이 한계(限界)이며 수도(水稻)의 이앙기(移秧期)는 6월(月)25일(日)이 한계(限界)이다. 4. 답전후작(沓前後作)으로 보리를 파종(播種)할 경우(境遇) 경운전(耕耘前) 로타리살파(撒播)가 가장 능률적(能率的)이었을 뿐아니라 적은 경비(經費)가 소요(所要)되었다. 5 소득(所得)과 아울러 수확(收穫) 및 이앙작업소요기간(移秧作業所要期間)을 고려(考慮)할 경우(境遇) 일반적(一般的)으로 조생(早生)통일+올보리의 작부방식(作付方式)이 유리(有利)하였다.

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A Study on the User Acceptance Model of Artificial Intelligence Music Based on UTAUT

  • Zhang, Weiwei
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 정보 기술 수용 모델(UTAUT)을 사용하여 이 모형은 중국 내 적용성을 검증하였으며, 중국 시장의 실태에 따라 UTAUT에 새로운 변수 2개를 추가하여 연구 모델을 설립하였다. 이와 같이 본 연구의 목적은 성과기대, 노력기대, 사회영향력, 개인혁신성, 지각된 가치가 사용의도와 사용행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 한다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 인터넷 조사 방식으로 중국에 있는 인공지능음악 제품을 사용 경험 있는 음악 창작자들을 대상으로 345부의 설문지가 수집되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS V. 22.0와 AMOS V 22.0을 통해 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 구조방정식모형분석을 실시하여 결과를 분석하였다. 연구모델에서 제시된 가설의 검증을 통해 중국 사용자들의 인공지능 음악 수용에 대한 사용에 결정적인 영향 요인을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 UTAUT모형이 중국 배경에서의 적용성을 검증하고, 중국 배경에서의 인공지능 음악 사용자 수용 모델을 구축하였으며, 3 가지 영향 요소가 사용자의 사용 의도에 영향을 미치며, 이러한 영향요소의 역할이 영향의 크기에 따라 정렬하는 것이 효과적이다. 본 연구는 인공지능 음악의 유용성을 높이고, 인공지능 음악의 유용성을 높이며, 개인 혁신적인 사용자를 활용해 경쟁력 있고 매력적인 가격 전략을 수립하고, 입소문 홍보에 주력할 것을 관리 조언하였다.

호흡기질환자의 기상 및 대기질 정보 활용현황과 요구도 조사 (Survey on the Utilization of Weather and Air Quality Information and Needs of Patients with Respiratory Diseases)

  • 조은정;박혜경;김창훈;원경미;김유근;정주희;안혜연;황미경
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 2019
  • Meteorological factors and air pollutants are associated with respiratory diseases, and appropriate use of weather and air quality information is helpful in the management of patients with such diseases. This study was performed to investigate both the utilization of weather and air quality information by, and the needs of, patients with respiratory diseases. Questionnaires were administered to 112 patients with respiratory diseases, 60.7% of whom were female. The rates of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients were 67.0% and 10.7%, respectively. The majority of subjects (90%) responded that prevention was important for respiratory disease management and indicated that they used weather and air quality information either every day or occasionally. However, respondents underestimated the importance of weather and air quality information for disease management and were unaware of some types of weather information. The subjects agreed that respiratory diseases were sensitive to weather and air quality. The most important weather-related factors were diurnal temperature range, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and wind, while those for air quality were particulate matter and Asian dust. Information was gleaned mainly from television programs in patients aged 60 years and older and from smartphone applications for those below 60 years of age. The subjects desired additional information on the management and prevention of respiratory diseases. This study identified problems regarding the utility of weather and air quality information currently available for patients with respiratory diseases, who indicated that they desired disease-related information, including information in the form of action plans, rather than simple health- and air quality-related information. This study highlights the necessity for notification services that can be used to easily obtain information, specifically regarding disease management.

Why Genuine Luxury Brands Are Consumed? Counterfeits? Examining Consumer Identification

  • Suh, Hyunsuk
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.69-102
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    • 2012
  • Owing to increased number of luxury brand users, both genuine and counterfeit luxury product consumption continues to increase every year. Luxury brand is defined as use or display of a particular branded products which brings the ownership prestige apart from its functional utility(Grossmand and Shapiro 1988). Some luxury brands have imitations sold in marketplace due to their popularity. These imitations or counterfeits have been jumping on the bandwagon of the upturn in sales of their originals. The purpose of our study is to understand consumer's underlying motives to consume luxury brands, genuine and or counterfeits. To do this, we propose functional theories of attitudes, decision-making styles, and life attitudes to form the determining causes for different consumption choices of luxury brands: genuine brands, counterfeit brands, both genuine and counterfeit brands, and no consumption on luxury brands types. In proposed causal pathways, we examine moderated effects of socio-psychological factors to further investigate if consumer profiles would exert influences in causal relationships. From the existing theories of functional attitudes: value-expressive and social-adjustive attitudes, we developed and introduced a new measure of rationality-consumptive attitude. From the existing eight decision-making characteristics of consumer styles inventory(CSI), three measures of high-quality, hedonic-shopping, and price-shopping styles were primarily applied in the study along with newly introduced measure of 'high-price' being added, which makes four total. Seven life attitude measures of life purpose, life control, will to meaning, goal seeking, future mean to fulfill, life satisfaction, and religiosity were applied. Finally, such socio-psychological measures as age, gender, marital status, income, and age-gap between couples were assumed to function as moderators. With 430 valid study samples, ages from 20s to 50s, with more females(316) than males(114), with average personal possessions of 5 genuine and 9 counterfeit luxury brands, we conducted questionnaire survey. Results indicated that social-adjustive function is totally disappeared in the relationship due to current social trend of widespread consumptions on both genuine and counterfeit brands which in turn, make consumers feel less special on wearing or carrying them unlike in the past. Self-expressive function and rationality-consumptive functions act as strong catalysts for genuine brand consumption and counterfeit brand consumption, respectively. On consumers' decision-making styles, high-price sublation is the most powerful indicator anticipating counterfeit consumption, even more powerful than personal incomes. In life attitude, the overall model fit was not validated, and only life control and life satisfaction are proven to be significant on both genuine and counterfeit product consumptions. Employment of socio-psychological factors in the model improved understanding of users further. Young consumers tend to go for genuine products over counterfeits. Consumers in different income groups; low, medium and high, all significantly consume genuine products for reasons of different decision-making styles. The results indicated that consumers whose personal disposition is predisposed to consume products in the form of reflection of his or her personality, go only for genuine brands for quality reason, while consumers who rationally consume products for its function or usability, go only for counterfeits for high-price sublation reason. Meanwhile, both product users support for high-price orientation who are not well off.

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Cardiometabolic Index, Triglyceride-glucose Index를 이용한 대사증후군 진단 예측지수에 대한 고찰: 부산지역 건강검진대상자 중심으로 (Consideration of Predictive Indices for Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis Using Cardiometabolic Index and Triglyceride-glucose Index: Focusing on Those Subject to Health Checkups in the Busan Area)

  • 안현;윤현서;박충무
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제46권5호
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    • pp.367-377
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    • 2023
  • This study investigates the utility of the Triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index and Cardiometabolic Index(CMI) as predictors for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. The study involved 1970 males, 1459 females, totaling 3429 participants who underwent health checkups at P Hospital in Busan between January 2023 and June 2023. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was based on the presence of 3 or more risk factors out of the 5 criteria outlined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute(AHA/NHLBI), and participants with 2 or fewer risk factors were categorized as normal. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) program. Significance was established at p<0.05. The comparison revealed that the metabolic syndrome group exhibited attributes such as advanced age, male gender, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures, high blood sugar, elevated triglycerides, reduced LDL-C, elevated HDL-C, higher Cardiometabolic Index, Triglyceride-glucose index, and components linked to abdominal obesity. Pearson correlation analysis showed strong positive correlations between waist circumference/height ratio, waist circumference, Cardiometabolic Index, and triglycerides. Weak positive correlations were observed between LDL-C, body mass index, and Cardiometabolic index, while a strong negative correlation was found between Cardiometabolic Index and HDL-C. ROC analysis indicated that the Cardiometabolic Index(CMI), Triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index, and waist circumference demonstrated the highest Area Under the Curve(AUC) values, indicating their efficacy in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Optimal cut-off values were determined as >1.34, >8.86, and >84.5 for the Cardiometabolic Index, Triglyceride-glucose index, and waist circumference, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences for age(p=0.037), waist circumference(p<0.001), systolic blood pressure(p<0.001), triglycerides(p<0.001), LDL-C(p=0.028), fasting blood sugar(p<0.001), Cardiometabolic Index(p<0.001), and Triglyceride-glucose index (p<0.001). The odds ratios for these variables were 1.015, 1.179, 1.090, 3.03, and 69.16, respectively. In conclusion, the Cardiometabolic Index and Triglyceride-glucose index are robust predictive indicators closely associated with metabolic syndrome diagnosis, and waist circumference is identified as an excellent predictor. Integrating these variables into clinical practice holds the potential for enhancing early diagnosis and prevention of metabolic syndrome.

스마트폰의 지각된 가치와 지속적 사용의도, 그리고 개인 혁신성의 조절효과 (An Empirical Study on Perceived Value and Continuous Intention to Use of Smart Phone, and the Moderating Effect of Personal Innovativeness)

  • 한준형;강성배;문태수
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.53-84
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    • 2013
  • With rapid development of ICT (Information and Communications Technology), new services by the convergence of mobile network and application technology began to appear. Today, smart phone with new ICT convergence network capabilities is exceedingly popular and very useful as a new tool for the development of business opportunities. Previous studies based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) suggested critical factors, which should be considered for acquiring new customers and maintaining existing users in smart phone market. However, they had a limitation to focus on technology acceptance, not value based approach. Prior studies on customer's adoption of electronic utilities like smart phone product showed that the antecedents such as the perceived benefit and the perceived sacrifice could explain the causality between what is perceived and what is acquired over diverse contexts. So, this research conceptualizes perceived value as a trade-off between perceived benefit and perceived sacrifice, and we need to research the perceived value to grasp user's continuous intention to use of smart phone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structured relationship between benefit (quality, usefulness, playfulness) and sacrifice (technicality, cost, security risk) of smart phone users, perceived value, and continuous intention to use. In addition, this study intends to analyze the differences between two subgroups of smart phone users by the degree of personal innovativeness. Personal innovativeness could help us to understand the moderating effect between how perceptions are formed and continuous intention to use smart phone. This study conducted survey through e-mail, direct mail, and interview with smart phone users. Empirical analysis based on 330 respondents was conducted in order to test the hypotheses. First, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived usefulness among three factors of perceived benefit has the highest positive impact on perceived value, and then followed by perceived playfulness and perceived quality. Second, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived cost among three factors of perceived sacrifice has significantly negative impact on perceived value, however, technicality and security risk have no significant impact on perceived value. Also, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived value has significant direct impact on continuous intention to use of smart phone. In this regard, marketing managers of smart phone company should pay more attention to improve task efficiency and performance of smart phone, including rate systems of smart phone. Additionally, to test the moderating effect of personal innovativeness, this research conducted multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users. In a group with high level of innovativeness, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived playfulness was the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result of the group with high level of innovativeness explains that innovators and early adopters are able to cope with higher level of cost and risk, and they expect to develop more positive intentions toward higher performance through the use of an innovation. Also, hedonic behavior in the case of the group with low level of innovativeness aims to provide self-fulfilling value to the users, in contrast to utilitarian perspective, which aims to provide instrumental value to the users. However, with regard to perceived sacrifice, both groups in general showed negative impact on perceived value. Also, the group with high level of innovativeness had less overall negative impact on perceived value compared to the group with low level of innovativeness across all factors. In both group with high level of innovativeness and with low level of innovativeness, perceived cost has the highest negative influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with high level of innovativeness showed that perceived technicality was the positive factor to influence perceived value than others. However, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived security risk was the second high negative factor to influence perceived value than others. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on influencing factors on continuous intention to use of smart phone, rather than considering initial purchase and adoption of smart phone. First, perceived value, which was used to identify user's adoption behavior, has a mediating effect among perceived benefit, perceived sacrifice, and continuous intention to use smart phone. Second, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value, while perceived cost has significant negative influence on perceived value. Third, perceived value, like prior studies, has high level of positive influence on continuous intention to use smart phone. Fourth, in multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users, perceived usefulness, in a group with high level of innovativeness, has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, perceived playfulness, in a group with low level of innovativeness, has the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result shows that early adopters intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their job useful, instead market followers intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their time enjoyable. In terms of marketing strategy for smart phone company, marketing managers should pay more attention to identify their customers' lifetime value by the phase of smart phone adoption, as well as to understand their behavior intention to accept the risk and uncertainty positively. The academic contribution of this study primarily is to employ the VAM (Value-based Adoption Model) as a conceptual foundation, compared to TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) used widely by previous studies. VAM is useful for understanding continuous intention to use smart phone in comparison with TAM as a new IT utility by individual adoption. Perceived value dominantly influences continuous intention to use smart phone. The results of this study justify our research model adoption on each antecedent of perceived value as a benefit and a sacrifice component. While TAM could be widely used in user acceptance of new technology, it has a limitation to explain the new IT adoption like smart phone, because of customer behavior intention to choose the value of the object. In terms of theoretical approach, this study provides theoretical contribution to the development, design, and marketing of smart phone. The practical contribution of this study is to suggest useful decision alternatives concerned to marketing strategy formulation for acquiring and retaining long-term customers related to smart phone business. Since potential customers are interested in both benefit and sacrifice when evaluating the value of smart phone, marketing managers in smart phone company has to put more effort into creating customer's value of low sacrifice and high benefit so that customers will continuously have higher adoption on smart phone. Especially, this study shows that innovators and early adopters with high level of innovativeness have higher adoption than market followers with low level of innovativeness, in terms of perceived usefulness and perceived cost. To formulate marketing strategy for smart phone diffusion, marketing managers have to pay more attention to identify not only their customers' benefit and sacrifice components but also their customers' lifetime value to adopt smart phone.