• 철학연구
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• 제93호
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• pp.175-199
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• 2011

현대 공리주의의 전개는 고전 공리주의의 한계를 극복하려는 시도들의 결집이다. 이런 현대 공리주의는 고전 공리주의의 공통적 요소들로 간주되어 온 '쾌락주의'와 '행위 공리주의'에 대한 대안들을 제시한다. 첫째, 현대 공리주의는 고전 공리주의의 '행복' 혹은 '쾌락' 개념을 '욕망-충족' 혹은 '선호-만족'의 개념으로 대체한다. 이런 대체를 통해 현대 공리주의는 고전 공리주의의 심리상태설에 대해 제기된 회의주의적 도전을 회피하고, 인간 복지에 대한 보다 만족할 만한 공리주의적 설명을 위해 보다 넓은 외연의 공리 개념을 제안한다. 둘째, 행위 공리주의의 '반생산성'과 '반직관성'에 대한 비판들을 모면할 규칙 공리주의들의 전개가 현대 공리주의의 전개의 한 특징을 이룬다. 규칙 공리주의들의 전개는 사회적으로 받아들여진 일반적 규범들을 수용할 수 있는 공리주의적 체계의 모색을 특징으로 한다. 마지막으로 현대 공리주의는 공리주의의 제1원칙에 대한 재해석을 통해 정의의 문제와 관련된 비판들에 대응한다. 이런 재해석은 벤담의 원칙을 통해 공리주의의 평등주의적 토대를 설명하려고 시도한다. 20세기 후반에 제기된 유력한 비판들로 인해 심각한 도전에 직면한 것은 사실이지만, 위와 같은 시도들을 통해 현대 공리주의는 인간의 복지에 대한 보다 나은 설명으로 나아간다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.101-116
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• 2003

After and before the education of business ethics, the recognitive response and interpretation of personnel and information ethics to the standards of business ethics are as follows. 1. In case of personnel ethics, before the education of business ethics, selfishness is at its peak and utilitarianism is in the lowest. It can be understood that it is faithful to the principles of capitalism. 2. In case of personnel ethics, before the education of business ethics, relativism is in the highest level and utilitarianism is in the lowest. Because it means not agreeing on standardized economic equality and the choice of proper ethical standards. It can be understood that the education of business ethics has an effect on ethical making-decision. 3. In case of information ethics, after and before the education of business ethics, righteousness is at its peak and utilitarianism is in the lowest level. I can be interpreted that it means thinking highly of the value of justice and not agreeing to standardized economic equality. 4. The above results show that the education of business ethics has an influence on the recognition of personnel ethics and is effectively used to improve the recognition of personnel and information ethics.

• 철학연구
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• 제123권
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• pp.379-407
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• 2012

이 논문의 주된 목적은 공리주의와 실용주의의 차이를 명료화함으로써 실용주의 윤리학의 현재성을 옹호하는 데 있다. 이 논문에서 필자는 먼저 고전적 공리주의로 분류되는 벤담과 밀이 논점의 상당한 차이에도 불구하고 동일하게 도덕적 행위를 과정적인 것이 아닌 고정적인 것으로 이해한데서 이론적 한계에 부딪힐 수밖에 없었다는 점을 듀이의 시각을 통해 드러낼 것이다. 나아가 행위의 완성이 아닌 개선적인 측면에 주목하는 실용주의의 기본 입장을 바탕으로 공리주의와 실용주의 윤리학의 차이를 드러낼 것이다. 실용주의 윤리학이 갖는 특징들의 배경에는 도덕이 의식적 경험속에서만 발생한다는 가정이 있다. 여기서 의식은 인간에게 선험적으로 주어진 능력이 아니라 인간과 환경의 상호작용의 산물이다. 그러므로 도덕성은 초월이나 선험이 아닌 구체적인 경험에 기반을 두기 때문에 경험으로부터 확장되고 제약된다. 다원성을 수용하면서도 객관적 지반의 요구를 간과하지 않음으로써 원리 없는 윤리학의 가능성을 제안하는 실용주의는 오늘날 윤리학이 부딪친 커다란 분기 상황을 극복할 수 있는 유력한 이론이 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 달리 말하면 그것은 경험으로부터 출발한다는 점에서 위로부터의 윤리학이 아닌 아래로부터의 윤리학을 제안하는 일이다. 공리주의와 구별되는 것으로서 실용주의 윤리학에 대한 이러한 새로운 읽기는 다원적 가치가 공존하는 세계 속에서 살아가고 있는 오늘날 우리의 삶을 보다 포괄적으로 해명하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.167-191
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• 1997

1. Today mass communication informs us of the unethical behaviors of business almost everyday and the social interest about them including individuals implicated in loss and gain grows larger. It is the real aspect that business manager and scholars do not cope with the situation. 2. Five business ethical scales as justice theory, relativism, egoism, utilitarianism, deontological theory and information ethics were applied to this thesis. 3. Hypothesis : There will he a difference in the response on five ethical scales and the recognition degree of information ethics with consumers. 4. The response on five ethical scales with the sex of consumers showed a significant difference but that with the age showed a little difference that with the academic career showed a significant difference in justice theory, relativism, utilitarianism and deontological theory 5. The recognition degree of information ethics with the age and academic career of consumers showed a significant difference and the hypothesis was accepted, but that with the sex showed a little difference.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.365-379
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• 2001

The contents of summarizing this study are as follows. 1. The elements of ethical decision making depend upon the individual characteristics. 2. The elements of ethical decision making depend upon the two aspects of the individual characteristics. 3. The ethical decision making processes of business managements consist of the three steps of utilitarianism, individual righteousness, fair distributions. 4. The ethical decision making processes of multinational corporations consist of the three steps of utilitarianism, individual righteousness, and fair distributions. The utilization methods of this study are as follows. 1. They can be reflected in the formulations of business ethics codes. 2. They can be utilized in the executions of business ethics educations. 3. They can be utilized as means to heighten the ethics standards of business interests groups.

• 수완나부미
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.157-180
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• 2018

Area studies, including Asian and Southeast Asian studies, in the post-Cold War era have been facing an epochal challenge that is rooted in two conditions: on the one hand, the end of the Cold War and the fading geopolitical rationale, and on the other, the emergence of the technology-driven transformation of the global economy and society. The consequences thus far are paradoxical: 1) While the technology-led transformation needs a workforce with critical and innovative abilities, higher education becomes more hyper-utilitarian; 2) While the transformation instigates increasing diversity of identities in global cultures, many countries thrive for STEM education at the expense of learning languages and cultures, including area studies which are essential for diversity. Southeast Asian studies programs need to change in response to these new conditions. These changing conditions and paradoxes, nevertheless, take different forms and degrees in the American, European and Asian academies, thanks to their different histories of higher education. The prospects for Southeast Asian Studies in these various academies are likely to be different too.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

본 연구는 간호학생의 윤리적 가치관에 의무론과 공리주의가 윤리적 가치관 확립에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 시행되었다. 자료 수집은 2018년 5월 14일부터 6월1일까지 D지역에 소재한 일개 대학교 간호학과 학생 180명을 대상에게 연구를 설명 후 동의한 학생을 대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 program을 이용하여 일반적 특성은 기술통계를 사용하여 실수와 백분율로 나타내고, 대상자의 인구학적 특성과 간호 관련 특성에 따른 차이를 확인하기 위하여 independent t-test, ANOVA 로 분석하고 사후검정은 $Sch{\acute{e}}ffe$ 사후 검정을 실시하였다. 간호학생의 윤리적 가치관은 150점 만점에 $97.51{\pm}8.96$점 인 것으로 나타나 의무론의 입장에 기울어져 있는 것으로 나타났다. 1학년 학생들은 의무론적 입장이 더 우세했으며 학년이 높아질수록 공리주의 입장으로 더 기울어지는 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 토대로 임상현장에서 있을 여러 가지 간호딜레마 상황에 놓였을 때, 철학적인 사고를 통한 따라 윤리적 의사결정을 할 수 있도록 윤리적 가치관 확립에 교육 개발이 필요하다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-41
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• 1996

In the situation of rapid industrialization based on the lopsided development of economy since 1960, Korean rural society has faced a crisis of disruption. As a result, the civilian government has tried a few actions to change the circumstance. However, it is said that the coral polices were not satisfactory. Those who were concerned with the rural problems of these days argue that it is necessary to adopt new policies and further to change the policymakers` philosophies concerning the matter. The arguments are certainly based on the beliefs that the sound policies come from the sound philosophies. This study aims to analyze the existing rural polices and their policymakers` philosophies and to design of a new paradigm. For the purpose, this study was set there specific objectives: First, to overview the moor points of Quantitative Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and the Social Justice Theory of John Rawls, the contrasting frameworks of the moral philosophies; Second, to trace the major or trade of the rural policies since 1960s in Korea; Third, to analyze the policymakers` philosophies reflected on the rural policies; Fourth, to design a new paradigm of the rural policies. This study mainly adopted descriptive method based on the various source of government and non-government statistics, white papers and other researches. The major findings of this study may be summarized as follows: 1. The historical epochs of the rural policies in Korea was divided into the periods: (1) An organizational and institutional establishment for self-reliance of main crops and the New Village Movement $(1969{\sim}70)$; (2) An initiation of `open-door` policies to the foreign farm products $(1970{\sim}80)$; (3) Completion of the UR meetings and the recommendations of the Rural and Fishery Development Commission (1980-present). 2. It was found that the philosophical foundations of coral policies were directly reflected from the utilitarianism of the national development. Under the philosophy it was the modem sector of economy that was to spearhead the national development, and the rural sector was situated to the peripheral position and hardly in the spot-light. Therefore, it may be said that the present situation of the rural society was largely rooted in the model of economic development. 3. As a new direction of the coral policies, many studies were focussing on the NTC (non-trade concerns) functions of agriculture for the present and future society. The researchers argue that the cost of protecting and supporting agriculture and rural society may be higher than that of the burden which the nation should be bear in the case of failure of agriculture. Although it tray be true, however, it should be noted that the argument is another type of utilitarianism which prevailed in the past. As a philosophy of rural policies, utilitarianism is straight forward and persuasive, however, it has also limitations in terms of relativism in broad sense or social justice in specific manna. 4. This study suggests to set the philosophical foundations of rural policies on the basis of Rawl`s Theory of Justice mentioned earlier. It emphasizes the inviolability of social justice which was neglected for the national benefits timing the period of development dictatorship in 1960s and 1970s. The principles of social justice for coral people were identified as twofold; (1) The principle of the t equal liberty; (2) (a) Difference principle, (b) The principle of fair equality of opportunity.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.813-820
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between professional vocation and ethical inclination in clinical dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 221 clinical dental hygienist in Busan and Kyeongnam from April 1 to 30, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of structured questions including demographic characteristics(9 questions), vocational calling(9 questions), deontology(12 questions), asceticism(13 questions), and utilitarianism(8 questions). Questionnaire was carried out by Likert scale. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS Window 19.0 for frequency, mean and standard deviation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression. Results: There was a significantly positive correlation between professional vocation and ethical inclination. The deontology was associated with education, dental service career, duty hours, and number of clients in multivariate analysis after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and professional vocation. Asceticism was also correlated with education, and utilitarianism was closely associated with vocational calling, work place, number of clients, and monthly income. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop the curricula including vocational calling and ethical inclination in the dental hygiene education. The dental hygienists should learn the ethical and vocational calling as a professional career.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2017

자율주행차량은 다양한 사회 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 각광받고 있다. 자율주행차량의 도입 및 관련 기술 개발 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나 자율주행차량에 탑재된 운행 알고리즘에 따른 실제 운행의 영향력에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 한정된 물리적 환경에서 공리주의와 사회적 합의를 고려하여 차량 운행 중 발생 가능한 상황인 중앙선 침범 상황에 대한 시나리오를 설정하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 윤리적 판단이 필요한 상황에서의 자율주행차량의 운행에 따른 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 자율주행차량이 안전도를 판단하여 옆 차선으로 차선을 변경한 시나리오에서 사고에 따른 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자율주행차량의 판단에 따라 전방 충돌한 경우, 자율주행차량의 기능에 의해 교통류 개선 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.