• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.121-139
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze randomized controlled trial, which studied the effect of Saenghwa-tang treatment on postpartum prolonged lochia and uterine subinvolution. Methods: Researchers searched for randomized controlled trial of based on postpartum prolonged lochia, uterine subinvolution and Saenghwa-tang. The paper search was conducted through 6 online databases on August 10, 2023. Results: 8 studies were included after selection and exclusion criteria. 5 studies compared Saenghwa-tang alone with western medicine. 3 studies compared combined treatment of Saenghwa-tang and western medicine, with western medicine alone. Comparing with control group, the treatment group showed statistically significant improvement on total effective rate, uterine involution, serum fibrinogen, D-dimer, viscosity of blood and plasma, Erythrocyte aggregation, and various symptoms. Conclusions: This study suggests that Saenghwa-tang has benefit for treating prolonged lochia and uterine subinvolution. For reliable evidence, further research is needed to establish safety of Saenghwa-tang, standardize diagnosis criteria and specify the treatment course.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.313-316
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• 2004

Ultrasonographic studies were conducted on eight Murrah buffaloes daily from day 6 postpartum (pp) onwards till day 77 pp to monitor changes in the cervix, uterine horn and ovarian follicular growth and development. The mean size of horn and cervix on day six ($9.07{\pm}0.74$ and $8.58{\pm}0.00cm$) decreased significantly to $4.09{\pm}0.09$ and $3.56{\pm}0.08cm$ by day 27 pp, respectively. Follicles in 50% of the buffaloes ovulated within 24 to 54 days pp and the size of the largest follicle on different days increased to more than 5 mm. The remaining 50 percent of animals ovulated after 65 days postpartum. Large size follicles (>8.5 mm) appeared in six out of eight buffaloes between 10 to 30 days pp and five animals had ovulated during early postpartum period. Waves pattern of follicular growth was observed during early postpartum period. Ovulatory follicles growth rate was more than the anovulatory follicles and increase in size was more as compared to the subordinate follicle. Anovulatory follicles persisted for longer period. Mean size of large follicle was more from day 6 to 41 pp and again from 50 to 65 pp in cyclic animals. Second large follicle were large during early postpartum (18days), thereafter, its size was more in acyclic animals. Small follicles population was less in cyclic animals upto day 50 postpartum. Mean medium size follicle growth pattern did not differ in cyclic and acyclic groups. Large size follicle number was more in cyclic group (5/8) during 14 to 20 days postpartum. Presence of large follicles (>8.5 mm) showed initiation of ovarian activity.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.163-163
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• 2007

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1995

These studies were carried out to examine the estradiol-17$\beta$ levelsin plasma and ovarian tissues, as well as the contents of collagen and catecholamines in the uterus, and to determine the effects of GnRH administrations of uterine involution in postpartum Korean native goats. Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17$\beta$ were 63.81$\pm$8.00 pg/ml at day 1 of kidding, declined to 36.78$\pm$22.90 ng/ml at day 24 and decreased progressively to 27.81$\pm$17.06 and 12.46$\pm$8.13 pg/ml at days 30 and 36 postpartum, respectively. In ovarian tissues, the concentrations of estaiol-17$\beta$ were increased just before parturition and decreased immediately after parturition. The plasma estradiol-17$\beta$ levels were slightly higher on days 12 and then decreased gradually after parturition. The concentraitons of estradiol-17$\beta$ in the ovaries of postpartum goats were increased at day 36 after treatments with GnRH. The total hydroxyproline contents in the uterus was slightly higher prior to parturition and decreased gradually with the postpartum intervals after parturition. Hydroxyproline concentraitons in the uterus were decreased at days 24 and 36 postpartum after treatments with GnRH. The norepinephrine concentrations in myometrium from the pregnant and postpartum goats were correspondingly low both immediately before and after partuition. Norepinephrine concentrations in the pregnant horn of the uterus were increased from days 12 to 36 of postpartum and those levels of the non-pregnant horn were also increased from days 24 to 36 postpartum. Slightly higher concentrations were present in the non-pregnant horn in comparison to the pregnant horn but these differences were not significant. Postpartum, the uterine norepinephrine concentration was slightly increased at day 36 after treatments with GnRH. Dopamine concentrations were greater than those of norepinephrine. The concentrations of dopamine in the uterus of pregnant goats was not significantly different from that in the postpartum animals. Dopamine concentraitons of pregnant horn in postpartum goats were increased at day 24 after treatments with GnRH.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.305-309
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• 2013

개에서 자궁축농증은 발정휴지기에 주로 발생하는 질병으로서 급성으로 발병하여 만성 질병 경과를 나타낸다. 또한 장막성 낭포는 분만 후 자궁의 퇴축이 급속하게 일어나는 수복기 동안 흔히 발생한다. 10세 암컷 골든 리트리버견이 무기력, 식욕부진, 빈호흡, 복부팽만 및 비정상적인 외음부 분비물의 증상으로 내원하였다. 방사선 검사, 초음파 검사 및 실험실적 검사를 통하여 자궁축농증으로 진단되었고 난소자궁적출술이 시행되었다. 육안으로 관찰한 결과, 자궁은 팽만 되어 있었으며, 부분적으로 복벽과 유착되어있었다. 또한, 자궁 전반에 걸쳐 맑은 액체로 충만해 있는 낭포들이 관찰되었다. 세균배양검사를 통하여 자궁내강에 차있던 농에서 대장균이 감염되어있다는 것을 확인하였으며, enrofloxacin에 감수성이 있었다. 낭포에 대한 조직검사를 실시하여 자궁축농증과 장막성 낭포로 최종 진단하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2011

Peri-partum metabolic profile was evaluated in winter and summer calving, with 15 Murrah buffaloes in each seasonal group. In summer calvers, significantly lower values were observed for blood plasma urea nitrogen (BUN) at day 30 pre-partum (p<0.05), on calving day (p<0.05) and at all other stages (p<0.01); plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values were significantly lower on day 30 pre-partum (p<0.01) and on day 60 post-partum (p<0.05). This was associated with significant reduction in days to first service (DFS) and service per conception (SPC) and an overall better reproductive performance in terms of service period, risk to first service on days 60, 90 and >90, and pregnancy risk to first service up to days 60 and 90. This may be attributed to better pre-partum nutritional status. Cervical and uterine involution were completed in fewer days, involutional changes took place at a faster pace and there were a lower number of abnormal involutional changes in winter compared to summer season. This may be attributed to better post-partum nutrition and less environmental stress. However, validation requires further targeted cohort investigation with a large sample size.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1406-1415
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• 2013

The study was conducted to correlate the periparturient immune status in terms of neutrophil functions and cytokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture with impending postpartum reproductive disorders in buffaloes. Forty pregnant buffaloes were observed for occurrence of postpartum reproductive disorders (PRD), i.e., metritis, endometritis and delayed uterine involution etc., during one week prepartum to four weeks postpartum period. A representative number (n = 6) of buffaloes that did not develop any PRD were included in group I (healthy, control), while the animals which experienced PRD were assigned into group II (PRD, n = 8). The blood samples were collected at weekly interval from one week prepartum to four weeks postpartum period considering the day of calving as 'd 0'. Differential leucocytes counts, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production activity in isolated neutrophils and the mRNA expression profile of cytokines i.e., IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in PBMC culture were studied in all the samples. A higher total leucocytes, neutrophil and band cells count along with impaired neutrophil functions i.e., lowered level of production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide before parturition and during early postpartum period were observed in buffaloes developing PRD. Further, a lower expression of IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 mRNA in PBMC culture was observed at calving in buffaloes that subsequently developed PRD at later postpartum. Thus, suppression in neutrophil function and cytokine expression at prepartum to early postpartum period predisposes the buffaloes to develop postpartum reproductive disorders. Hence, monitoring of neutrophils function and cytokine expression profile would be effective to predict certain reproductive disorders at late pregnancy or immediately after parturition in buffaloes. In future, this may be a novel approach for determining suitable management and therapeutic decisions for prevention of commonly occurring reproductive disorders in farm animals.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.230-242
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a maternal nursing competency reinforcement program for nursing students and assess the program's effectiveness in Korea. Methods: The maternal nursing competency reinforcement program was developed following the ADDIE model. This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design that applied a non-blinded, randomized controlled trial with nursing students (28 experimental, 33 control) followed by open-ended interviews with a subset (n=7). Data were analyzed by both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that significant differences according to group and time in maternal nursing performance; assessment of and intervention in postpartum uterine involution and vaginal discharge (F=24.04, p<.001), assessment of and intervention in amniotic membrane rupture (F=36.39, p<.001), assessment of and intervention in delivery process through vaginal examination (F=32.42, p<.001), and nursing care of patients undergoing induced labor (F=48.03, p<.001). Group and time improvements were also noted for problem-solving ability (F=9.73, p<.001) and emotional intelligence (F=4.32, p=.016). There were significant differences between groups in self-directed learning ability (F=13.09, p=.001), but not over time. The three main categories derived from content analysis include "learning with a colleague by simulation promotes self-reflection and learning," "improvement in maternal nursing knowledge and performance by learning various countermeasures," and "learning of emotionally supportive care, but being insufficient." Conclusion: The maternal nursing competency reinforcement program can be effectively utilized to improve maternal nursing performance, problem-solving ability, and emotional intelligence for nursing students.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2007

포유류에서 옥시토신은 다양한 기능을 가지고 있는 신경뇌하수체 호르몬이다. 옥시토신은 주로 젖의 분비를 일으키고 분만 시 자궁의 수축 및 모성 행동과 관계가 있다. 모성 행동은 스트레스에 의해 억압을 받으며 옥시토신에 의해 촉진된다. 본 연구는 제왕절개의 스트레스와 자궁내 옥시투여에 따른 모성 행동의 변화를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 본 실험 결과, 자연 분만 예에서 스트레스를 준 개체와 스트레스를 주지 않은 개체에서 새끼의 생존율을 비교한 결과, 스트레스를 준 군에서 새끼의 생존율이 낮아 스트레스가 모성 행동에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 제왕절개 수술을 실시한 예에서 옥시토신을 투여한 군은 마취의 회복 후 일정 시간이 경과한 다음 새끼를 잡아먹는 식자증이 나타난 반면, 옥시토신을 투여한 군에서는 마취에서 회복한 다음 곧바로 새끼를 확인한 다음 살해하는 행동을 보였다. 결과적으로 새끼를 관리하고자 하는 모성 행동을 발현하기 위해서는 말초에 옥시토신을 투여하는 것은 의미가 없다는 것을 확인하였으며, 분만 시 모체에 대한 스트레스는 새끼의 관리에 좋지 않은 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 본 실험은 랫드를 대상으로 제왕절개라는 새로운 스트레스의 실험적 이용, 임상적으로 제왕절개시 수행하는 자궁 내 옥시토신 투여의 임상적 평가, 그리고 제왕절개 수술을 실시한 다음 마취 회복 후 새끼를 탐색하는 모성 행동관찰의 요인을 추가한 새로운 실험이라는데 의의가 있다.