• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-51
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• 2008

Researchers have been continuously interested in the adoption of information technology (IT) since it is of great importance to the information systems success and it is also an important stage to the success. Adoption alone, however, does not ensure information systems success because it does not necessarily lead to achieving organizational or individual objectives. When an organization or an individual decide to adopt certain information technologies, they have objectives to accomplish by using those technologies. Adoption itself is not the ultimate goal. The period after adoption is when users continue to use IT and intended objectives can be accomplished. Therefore, continued IT use in the post-adoption period accounts more for the accomplishment of the objectives and thus information systems success. Previous studies also suggest that continued IT use in the post-adoption period is one of the important factors to improve long-term productivity. Despite the importance there are few empirical studies focusing on the user behavior of continued IT use in the post-adoption period. User behavior in the post-adoption period is different from that in the pre-adoption period. According to the technology acceptance model, which explains well about the IT adoption, users decide to adopt IT assessing the usefulness and the ease of use. After adoption, users are exposed to new experiences and they shape new beliefs different from the thoughts they had before. Users come to make decisions based on their experiences of IT use whether they will continue to use it or not. Most theories about the user behaviors in the pre-adoption period are limited in describing them after adoption since they do not consider user's experiences of using the adopted IT and the beliefs formed by those experiences. Therefore, in this study, we explore user's experiences and beliefs in the post-adoption period and examine how they affect user's intention to continue to use IT. Through deep literature reviews on the construction of subjective beliefs by experiences, we draw three meaningful constructs which theoretically have great impacts on the continued use of IT: perceived habit, confirmation, and computer self-efficacy. Then, we examine the role of the subjective beliefs on the cognitive/affective attitudes and intention to continue to use that IT. We set up a research model and conducted survey research. Since IT use implies interactions among a user, IT, and a task, we carefully selected the sample of users using same/similar IT to perform same/similar tasks, to exclude unwanted influences of other factors than subjective beliefs on the IT use. We also considered that the sample of users were able to make decisions to continue to use IT volitionally or at least quasi-volitionally. For each construct, we used measurement items recognized for reliability and widely used in the previous research. We slightly modified some items proper to the research context and a pilot test was carried out for forty users of a portal service in a university. We performed a full-scale survey after verifying the reliability of the measurement. The results show that the intention to continue to use IT is strongly influenced by cognitive/affective attitudes, perceived habits, and computer self-efficacy. Confirmation affects the intention to continue indirectly through cognitive/affective attitudes. All the constructs representing the subjective beliefs built by the experiences of IT use have direct and/or indirect impacts on the intention of users. The results also show that the attitudes in the post-adoption period are formed, at least partly, by the experiences of IT use and newly shaped beliefs after adoption. The findings suggest that subjective beliefs built by the experiences have deep impacts on the continued use. The results of the study signify that while experiencing IT in the post-adoption period users form new beliefs, attitudes, and intentions which may be different from those of the pre-adoption period. The results of this study partly demonstrate that the beliefs shaped by the behaviors, those are the experiences of IT use, influence users' attitudes and intention. The results also suggest that behaviors (experiences) also change attitudes while attitudes shape behaviors. If we combine the findings of this study with the results of the previous research on IT adoption, we can propose a cycle of IT adoption and use where behavior shapes attitude, the attitude forms new behavior, and that behavior shapes new attitude. Different from the previous research, the study focused on the user experience after IT adoption and empirically demonstrated the strong influence of the subjective beliefs formed in the post-adoption period on the continued use. This partly confirms the differences between attitudes in the pre-adoption and in the post-adoption period. Users continuously change their attitudes and intentions while experiencing (using) IT. Therefore, to make users adopt IT and to make them use IT after adoption is a different problem. To encourage users to use IT after adoption, experiential variables such as perceived habit, confirmation, and computer self-efficacy should be managed properly.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2017

In recent years, some service providers have introduced chatbot agents to provide engagement in the healthcare field. However, current research on chatbot agents is still limited to designing various chatbot identities for healthcare services. By contrast, this study aims to investigate how various agent identities affect users' perceptions and behaviors differently. We developed three chatbot agents with different identities: a doctor (an individual), a hospital (an institution), and a virtual agent (a machine). Then, we recruited 36 users and divided them into three groups, each using a different chatbot agent. They were asked to track their behaviors and review advice from the chatbot agent for six days. Post-hoc surveys and interviews were conducted in order to investigate users' perceptions. The findings are as follows: participants felt more trusting and intimate with the doctor and hospital agents than with the virtual agent. Many of the participants preferred the hospital agent due to its higher reliability. However, all three agents did not lead the participants to change their behaviors. This study contributes to providing practical guidelines for designing chatbots in the healthcare field by studying users' perceptions and behaviors depending on chatbot identities.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.59-77
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• 2009

Microblog services are such new communication channels with some considerable potential to improve information sharing. The idea of sharing short messages using multiple access points seems to be appealing to people worldwide. Through the lens of flow and social identity, we explored factors that influence information sharing behaviors in microblog services. With an empirical study, we examined enjoyment and concentration(flow) and self-presentation(social identity) in microblog services like twitter can contribute to the user behaviors. Our aim was to gain insight into ways of creating an environment that facilitating voluntary sharing of information. Our findings suggested that enjoyment, concentration, and selfpresentation were crucial determinants of information sharing behaviors in microblog services. This study has important implications for academic researchers and practitioners who seek to understand why microblog service users share their information with other members in microblog services.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.513-520
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• 2023

The exponential proliferation of cutting-edge computing technologies has spurred organizations to outsource their data and computational needs. In the realm of cloud-based computing environments, ensuring robust security, encompassing principles such as confidentiality, availability, and integrity, stands as an overarching imperative. Elevating security measures beyond conventional strategies hinges on a profound comprehension of malware's multifaceted behavioral landscape. This paper presents an innovative paradigm aimed at empowering cloud service providers to adeptly model user behaviors. Our approach harnesses the power of a Particle Swarm Optimization-based Probabilistic Neural Network (PSO-PNN) for detection and recognition processes. Within the initial recognition module, user behaviors are translated into a comprehensible format, and the identification of malicious nano-structures behaviors is orchestrated through a multi-layer neural network. Leveraging the UNSW-NB15 dataset, we meticulously validate our approach, effectively characterizing diverse manifestations of malicious nano-structures behaviors exhibited by users. The experimental results unequivocally underscore the promise of our method in fortifying security monitoring and the discernment of malicious nano-structures behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2011

The elderly is a target group for health functional foods (HFFs). We surveyed 825 Korean elderly (71.4- years-of-age) for HFF use and significant variables for HFF use including demographic characteristics, health related variables, and nutritional beliefs. The prevalence of HFF use was 48.7%, and among all types of HFF, red ginseng products were eaten most frequently, followed by ginseng products, nutritional supplements, and mushroom products. The mean age of users of HFFs was lower than nonusers (p<.01). HFFs were eaten more frequently by subjects from families living with a spouse or unmarried children (p<.01) and those with higher levels of monthly pocket money (p<.001). HFFs were also eaten more frequently by subjects or their spouses with a higher education level (p<.001). The social activity participation ratio (p<.01) of subjects and the HFF usage ratio by the spouse (p<.001) were higher in users of HFF than in nonusers. Dietary assessment scores were not different between the two groups, and users had a more positive view concerning the potential health benefits of HFFs than did nonusers (p<.001). Most users of HFF ate HFFs "when they were healthy" (52.2%) and experienced some effect through HFF use (45.8%). Most users of HFFs received information on HFFs through their families or relatives (38.1%) and most purchased HFFs at the pharmacy or oriental medicine clinic (44.8%). HFF users preferred multivitamin- and Ca-supplements most among the vitamin and mineral supplements belonged to HFFs. The above results show that HFF use is widely spread among subjects, and that use of HFF is influenced by various factors. Thus, practical guidelines for HFF use should be provided for the elderly through elderly focused-nutrition education based upon significant variables and consumption behaviors for their HFF use of present study.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.186-199
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• 2021

SNS (social networking service) plays an important role in delivering information regarding fashion brands and providing a space for communication between fashion retailers and SNS users, as well as between users. This study primarily focuses on exploring the relationships among the motivation of SNS users and social comparison, clothing purchasing behaviors and the difference in the relationships according to individual characteristics. An online survey was conducted on Chinese female consumers in their 20's and 30's who had experience in fashion SNS. A total of 297 women completed online survey. The results of the study revealed that: (1) consumers who have stronger motivation of information seeking and interpersonal communication through fashion SNS reached more active upward comparison and peer comparison accordingly; (2) upward comparison had a significant effect on conspicuous consumption and bandwagon, while peer comparison had no significant effect; and (3) the self-esteem of fashion SNS users significantly moderated the effect of social comparison on conspicuous consumption and conformity consumption. This study contributed to expanding the knowledge on the relationships among the motivations of SNS users and social comparison, and shed light on Chinese SNS users' characteristics and purchasing behaviors in the fashion SNS context. This study also provides vital implications to fashion brands and retailers.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.179-199
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• 2017

As users' cross-over shopping behaviors become more popular, many studies have attempted to describe a theoretical mechanism in multichannel environments. Apart from explaining a simplified multichannel user behavior, relevant researchers must deeply understand the mechanism of users' cross-over shopping behavior, which cannot be discovered by employing either existing theories or traditional research methods. Thus, this study explores why, how, and when users conduct cross-over shopping behaviors in multichannel environments by employing a grounded theory approach. In this study, we have interviewed 25 participants who have prior experiences in cross-over shopping. By analyzing the interview manuscripts using the grounded theory approach, we have extracted 118 codes in the coding steps and ultimately presented 28 categories by incorporating similar concepts from those codes. In this qualitative grounded theory study, we have discussed why, how, and when users do cross-over shopping behavior based on our selected codes and categories as well as by listening to the stories of our interviewees. By grounding our proposed framework, which can capture both dynamic information search and purchasing behavior, this study provides an alternative research approach to explain user behavior, thereby bolstering our current understanding of the cross-over shopping behavior of users in multichannel environments.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.123-153
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• 1999

This article aims at finding the ways, on the basis of the studies about the behaviors to search the existing CD-ROM databases, so that the searchers who retrieve the on-line MEDLINE used in the medical libraries can use the data more efficiently than now. We gave the questionnaires to the librarians in 60 medical libraries and searched the literatures and realities on the behaviors of the data uses to examine the search behaviors of the MEDLINE in the medical libraries. The result is as follows: 1) The medical data system rate for single users was $53\%$ and the ons for multi users $43\%$. As for the time which users retrieve for a week, under two hours was $75\%$, between 3 and 8 hours $18.3\%$, and eve. 9 hours $6.7\%$. 2) The increasing factors of the search result are (1) an enough discussion and interview between librarians and users, and (2) the use of the correct indexing terms, Thesaurus, and Keyword. In principle users must search directly. However, the librarians searched instead in case that the retrieval result was under two hours a week$(75\%)$. 3) As for the search fee, $91\%$ was free and $9\%$ was charged. Also search effectiveness was enhanced by the means of Inter-Library Loan Service & Information Network. 4) The medical librarians answered the questionnaire that they need the application education of professional knowledge, medical terms(thesaurus) and electronic medium, and also they need the computer education, interview technique and reeducation to give a satisfactory service. 5) As for the satisfactory degree of MEDLINE application, they answered $44.6\%$ for economy, $38.2\%$ for the conveniency of the time required, and $58.9\%$ for the users' search satisfaction answered respectively. 6) The application of MEDLINE system enhanced the medical libraries' image and had an effect on the users' satisfaction of using the data and search, the data activities and the research achievement. 7) In the past MeSH was used but as the time passes CD-ROM MEDLINE search behavior was preferred to On-line one.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.43-69
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• 2021

Purpose Although companies occupied the network market take the advantageous position first and can be successful in securing users over a certain size, it is important to satisfy the customers' demand and prevent the outflow of users toward a new alternative SNS. What is more, there are frequent changes in the flow of users toward new SNSs. Despite these dynamic market circumstances, there is a lack of research to explain the switching behaviors of SNS users. Design/methodology/approach The objective of this study is to explain and verify a specified migration theory(Push-Pull-Mooring model) focused on SNS fatigue in the psychological point of view, as well as reviewing previous studies on functional and technical characteristics of SNSs themselves. Moreover, this study tried to highlight factors affecting users actual SNS switch rather than their switching intention. Findings According to the statistical analysis, the most influenced pull factor to switch SNS was the alternative attractiveness. On the other hand, undesired relationship burden, service innovation and important mooring factors to prevent users' SNS switch. This study has a significant contribution to the theory, which analyzed users' actual SNS switch, and examined SNS users' psychological factors(SNS fatigue), reviewing the characteristics of existing services. To secure more users and to keep them, companies providing social network service need to develop differentiated strategies by analyzing psychological characteristics of various users.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.211-230
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• 2016

Social commerce is a new type of e-commence that is based on social networking technologies and aggressive marketing strategies, such as one-deal-a-day. However, although social commerce has become very popular, little is known of customers' substantive purchasing behaviors when using social commerce sites. These behaviors, namely visiting and purchasing behaviors, are the focus of this study. Hence, this study aims to provide comprehensive understanding of the visiting and purchasing behaviors of customers in relation to social commerce sites. A research model based on the utilitarian and hedonic values of shopping, social influence, and convenience, which represent social commerce features, was developed and empirically analyzed using data from social commerce site users. The results revealed that purchasing behaviors of consumers when they use social commerce sites are affected directly by the utilitarian value (perceived usefulness) of the site as well as their purchase intention. Purchase intention is affected by perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and visiting behaviors. The visiting behaviors of consumers in relation to social commerce sites are also affected directly by the hedonic value (playfulness) of the site as well as their intention to visit the site. The findings of this study have implications for practitioners with regard to understanding and promoting the use of social commerce sites.