• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1990

The first-best pricing rule which achieves economic efficiency is to equate price with marginal cost. Since public transport demand is derived from some other demand, the user cost as well as the producer cost are considered in its pricing. The optimal price is derived from a derivative of the total social cost with respect to demand. In case of the bus, if there is enough capacity for demand increase, the optimal price is determined by the marginal producer cost resulting from bus sped decrease and by the marginal user cost resulting from journey time increase. Both are caused by boarding and fare collecting time of an additional passenger. Because of the budget constraints, the marginal cost pricing cannot be applied in practice. Then price discrimination as the second-best pricing is introduced. The Ramsey pricing, to charge different prices for different demand elasticities, and nonuniform prices such as travelcards can be applied. However, there is practical difficulty in implementing these prices because of great informational requirements, the costs of administration and the ease to users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2005

In this study, we first define user requirements to fulfill the reconnaissance and the search missions, by analyzing the system characteristics and operation environment. By investigating the design technology level, the development and procurement costs, the strong system design concepts and possible alternatives will be proposed. To analyze the system requirements, the Quality Function Deployment of the systems engineering approach will be implemented. The promising design alternatives that satisfy the user requirements are extracted by constructing the Morphological Matrix, then the best design concept will be obtained using the Pugh Concept Selection Matrix and the TOPSIS(Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07g
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• pp.3141-3143
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• 1999

Fuel cell systems offer high energy efficiencies for transportation application. In addition, they can use alcohols and alternative fuels as the fuel, while producing little or no noxious emissions. Fuel cell-powered energy source should be competitive in performance characteristics and in capital and maintenance costs with internal combustion engine systems. From computer simulation program, battery and fuel cell energy output and total power profile, motor power, battery energy output, fuel cell energy output. It simulates the performance of fuelcell/battery powered energy source operation over any user inputted transit route cycle, and provides performance criteria through user specifications for preliminary design consideration.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.117-145
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• 1991

IS changeback is regarded as an offective way to control the usage of computers and communication systems which are very much limited resources and whose costs are very high, In this paper, the problem of combining the optimal chargeback system which guarantees the efficiency with the Rawls'(1971) concept of fairness. Primary conclusion of this paper is that if the value function which represents the contributions of IS user to the firm's profit is evidit and there is no uncertainty about this contribution information, optimality can be achived without any loss of fairness using full cost allocation pricing. But if there is no significant differences among contribution of each user and there is no significant differences among users because of the managerial arbitrariness, From this point of view contingent chargeback system with which manager can find the golden middle between optimality and fairness by adjusting the 'efficiency coefficient' according to his/her organizational characterisics and environments is proposed. A heuristic of finding the appropriate efficiency coefficient is also suggested.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.582-585
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• 2009

VoIP technology for transmitting voice over IP network such as packet-based network has a lot of benefits by integrating services and reducing costs. The network is different from PSTN-based communications in some aspect such as transmitting not only voice but also text, image, multimedia data. In addition, portable terminals like a mobile phone, and ubiquitous communicator can easily access the internet for VoIP. Therefore, To prevent illegal users, offering certificate services is necessary, This study proposes a solution of user certification for a VoIP environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.447-450
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• 2023

Blockchain technology has paved the way for the rise of non-fungible tokens(NFTs) in recent years. NFTs enable the unique ownership of digital assets and harness the power of blockchain's transparency and decentralization. However, existing NFT platforms often pose barriers to entry for the public due to their technical complexity and high issuance costs. To address the problem, this paper proposes a user-friendly NFT platform with a simplified issuance process. A home page is created to allow easy NFT issuance for anyone. These advancements are expected to foster the growth of the NFT market and facilitate the development of new business models.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.2 s.75
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• pp.115-130
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• 2005

This paper presents the effects of indirect costs on Life-Cycle-Cost(LCC) effective optimum design of steel-box girder bridges. The LCC formulations considered in the LCC optimization of the bridges consist of initial cost and expected rehabilitation costs including repair/replacement costs, loss of contents or fatality and injury losses, and indirect costs such as road user costs and indirect socio-economic losses. To demonstrate the LCC-effectiveness for optimum design of the bridges, an actual steel box girder bridge having two continuous spans(2@50m=100m) is considered as a numerical example. And also, in this paper, various sensitivity analyses are performed to investigate the effects of indirect costs caused by traffic conditions such as number of detour route, number of lane on detour route, length of detour route, and traffic volumes on the LCC-effective optimum design. From the numerical investigations, it may be concluded that indirect costs caused by traffic network may sensitively influence on the LCC-effective optimum design of steel-box girder bridges. Therefore, it may be stated that the traffic conditions should be considered as one of the important items in the LCC-effective optimum design of the bridges.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.99-108
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• 2007

This paper presents an elastic demand stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment that could not be easily tackled. The elastic demand coupled with a travel performance function is known to converge to a supply-demand equilibrium, where a stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) is obtained. SUE is the state in which all equivalent path costs are equal, and thus no user can reduce his perceived travel cost. The elastic demand SUE traffic assignment can be formulated based on a dynamic system, which is a means of describing how one state develops into another state over the course of time. Traditionally it has been used for control engineering, but it is also useful for transportation problems in that it can describe time-variant traffic movements. Through the Lyapunov Function Theorem, the author proves that the model has a stable solution and confirms it with a numerical example.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.515-524
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• 2017

In this paper, we design and implement an expert system for diagnosing ADHD. As a result of the analysis with DSM-IV-TR, the ADHD diagnostic criteria are changed according to the age group. With this analyzed diagnostic, objects and their values are set and rules are created. We design a diagnostic system consisting of 'ADHD diagnostic system engine' and 'user query response program'. The ADHD diagnostic system engine is a rule-based reasoning engine that is implemented in the Prolog language and receives INPUT from the user query response program. By INPUT, the rule is executed based on the ADHD diagnostic criteria and the OUTPUT is sent back to the 'user query response program' by inferring the diagnostic result. The 'user query response program' is implemented in the Python language and serves as an interface for handling conversation with the user. The bridge between 'ADHD diagnostic system engine' and 'user query response program' is performed through the Pyswip library. As a result, the ADHD Diagnostic Expert System will help you plan your treatment with reduced diagnostic costs and use-complexity.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2018

Software metrics as a way to evaluate software play a significant role in reducing software development costs and improving quality. However, the emergence of various software metrics creates the problem that the user must select the correct metric. Various strategies have been studied to solve this problem. However, existing studies still have difficulties in selecting metrics by requiring high user interventions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method that helps to select the right metric and the metric tools by using their various characteristics as selection criteria, instead of using weighted expressions to minimize user intervention.