• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the clinical usefulness of transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS) in detecting peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in children. Methods: Twenty-four patients (19 boys, 5 girls; mean age, $10.6{\pm}4.5years$ [range, 3.0-17.9 years]) who were admitted to the hospital for acute abdomen or gastrointestinal bleeding and diagnosed with PUD by endoscopy and who underwent TUS were included. Clinical data were retrospectively collected by reviewing patient medical records. Gastric ulcer (GU) was suspected when the gastric wall exceeded 8 mm in thickness and had lost its five-layer structure on TUS. Duodenal ulcer (DU) was suspected if the duodenal wall thickness exceeded 5 mm. Results: Sensitivity of TUS in diagnosing PUD was 66.7% for GU and 38.9% for DU. Mean age and body weight of the 11 patients suspected with PUD on TUS were $10.9{\pm}4.4years$ and $38.1{\pm}17.2kg$, respectively. For 13 patients without suspected PUD, they were $12.1{\pm}4.1years$ and $39.6{\pm}17.0kg$, respectively. There was a significant difference in height, weight, and body mass index between patients who were suspected to have PUD and those who were not suspected on TUS (p=0.014, 0.008, and 0.005, respectively). A significant difference in the sensitivity of TUS in diagnosing PUD was found between patients under 30 kg and those over 30 kg (88.9% and 20.0%, respectively; p=0.003). Conclusion: TUS investigation of the stomach and duodenum is an efficient method for PUD detection in children with low body weight. TUS can be used in preliminary diagnostic work-up before further invasive tests.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.240-250
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the advantages and usefulness of transient elastography (Fibroscan^®) in diagnosing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in children and adolescents compared to those of abdominal computed tomography and liver ultrasonography. Methods: Forty-six children and adolescent participants aged between 6 and 16 years who underwent transient elastography (Fibroscan^®) as well as liver ultrasonography or abdominal computed tomography were included. Thirty-nine participants underwent liver ultrasonography and 11 underwent computed tomography. The physical measurements, blood test results, presence of metabolic syndrome, and the degree of liver steatosis and liver fibrosis were analyzed, and their correlations with transient elastography (Fibroscan^®), abdominal computed tomography, and liver ultrasonography, as well as the correlations between examinations, were analyzed. Results: Thirty-six participants (78.3%) were boys, and the mean age was 12.29±2.57 years, with a mean body mass index of 27.88±4.28. In the 46 participants, the mean values for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin were 89.87±118.69 IU/L, 138.54±141.79 IU/L, and 0.77±0.61 mg/dL, respectively. Although transient elastography (Fibroscan^®) and abdominal computed tomography grading had a statistically significant positive correlation with aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values, the correlations between the results of grading performed by transient elastography (Fibroscan^®), abdominal computed tomography, and liver ultrasonography were not statistically. Conclusion: We confirmed that each examination was correlated with the results of some blood tests, suggesting the usefulness and possibility of diagnosis and treatment of steatohepatitis mediated by transient elastography (Fibroscan^®) in the department of pediatrics.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2008

Vaginal cytology with behavioral observation was performed in 34 estrous cycles in 16 Miniature Schnauzer dogs to evaluate the its usefulness. The mean duration of proestrus and estrus in Miniature Schnauzer based on behavioral observation and vaginal cytology was $7.58{\pm}1.50$ (Mean ${\pm}$S.D., range: $5{\sim}10$) and $8.46{\pm}2.82\;(6{\sim}17)$ days for proestrus, and $6.97{\pm}1.66\;(4{\sim}10)$ and $10.29{\pm}2.61\;(6{\sim}19)$ days for estrus, respectively. The duration of each phase of the estrous cycle was not significantly different based on between behavioral observation and vaginal cytology. The gestational length from the first day of male acceptance was $66.55{\pm}2.91\;(64{\sim}76)$ days, $57.70{\pm}1.92\;(54{\sim}62)$ days from the first male refusal, and $56.90{\pm}1.62\;(54{\sim}60)$ days from the onset of cytologic diestrus, respectively. Vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were significantly characteristic of large intermediate cells in proestrus, anuclear cells in estrus, small intermediate cells in diestrus, and parabasal cells and small intermediate cells in anestrus (p<0.001), respectively. Cornification index (CI) by vaginal cytology was higher in proestrus ($69.90{\pm}1.44%$) and estrus ($91.35{\pm}1.09%$), then it was decreased in diestrus ($13.53{\pm}1.28%$) and anestrus ($1.16{\pm}1.26%$).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.576-593
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• 2021

In this study, in order to investigate the factors that affect the percentage of correct answers and the degree of discrimination of the TOEIC test, a regression analysis was performed using corpus indicators that influence correct answer rate and the degree of discrimination for each part derived from the item analysis. The basic calculation word_length, consistency index LSA_overlap_adjacent_sentences, lexical diversity MTLD_VOCD, conjunction All_logical_causal_connectives_incidence, situational model casual_particles_causal_verbs_Ratio, syntactic complexity Left_embeddedness, and syntactic pattern density Infinitive_density were found to have negative effects. These factors that lower the correct answer rate can be utilized when setting learning goals. Vocabulary diversity index MTLD_VOCD, conjunction Additive_connectives_incidence, syntactic pattern density Infinitive_density, and lexical information person1_2_pronoun_incidence were found to have a positive effect. Factors influencing the increase in discrimination may provide important information for developing a learning program.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2017

As a result of the Four-River Restoration Project in Korea, the habitat of endangered plant species of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and Polygonatum stenophyllum, which had been natively grown in the riparian zone of Namhan River, was destroyed and artificial replacement habitats were created. In this study, Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) was used to determine whether the replacement habitats are suitable for each species or not. From October 2015 to July 2016, Habitat Evaluate Procedures (HEP) were conducted on two replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae (Gangcheonsum and Sum-River) and on two replacement habitats of P. stenophyllum (Gangcheonsum and Youngjuk) in the Namhan River watershed. As evaluation parameters for A. altaicus var. uchiyamae habitat, habitat matrix (ratio of unburied gravel), height above the ordinary water level, soil nutrients, and light conditions were selected and for P. stenophyllum habitat, soil texture, light conditions, and coverage of companion species were selected. HSI was applied to evaluate the suitability of each replacement habitat. According to the result of the evaluation, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae and P. stenophyllum located in Gangcheonsum have relatively high HSI values as 0.839 and 0.846, respectively. On the other hand, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae in Sum-River and P. stenophyllum in Youngjuk zone have HSI value of 0, indicating unsuitable habitats for these species. This is the first attempt to apply HSI for plant species in Korea and proved the usefulness of HSI on plants.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2014

A trading system is a computer trading program that automatically submits trades to an exchange. Mechanical a trading system to execute trade is spreading in the stock market. However, a trading system to trade a single asset might occur instability of the profit because payoff of this system is determined a asset movement. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a trading system that is trade two assets such as a pair trading that is to sell overvalued assets and buy the undervalued ones. The aim of this study is to propose a relative value based trading system designed to yield stable and profitable profits regardless of market conditions. In fact, we propose a procedure for building a trading system that is based on the rough set analysis of indicators derived from a price ratio between two assets. KOSPI 200 index futures and S&P 500 index futures are used as a data for evaluation of the proposed trading system. We intend to examine the usefulness of this model through an empirical study.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.469-483
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• 2006

An algorithm was developed to estimate stability indices (SI) over the Korean peninsula using Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) infrared brightness temperatures (TBs). The SI is defined as the stability of the atmosphere in the hydrostatic equilibrium with respect to the vertical displacements and is used as an index for the potential severe storm development. Using atmosphere temperature and moisture profiles from Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) as initial guess data for a nonlinear physical relaxation method, K index (KI), KO Index (KO), lifted index (LI), and maximum buoyancy (MB) were estimated. A fast radiative transfer model, RTTOV-7, is utilized for reducing the computational burden related to the physical relaxation method. The estimated TBs from the radiative transfer simulation are in good agreement with observed MODIS TBs. To test usefulness for the short-term forecast of severe storms, the algorithm is applied to the rapidly developed convective storms. Compared with the SIs from the RDAPS forecasts and NASA products, the MODIS SI obtained in this research predicts the instability better over the pre-convection areas. Thus, it is expected that the nowcasting and short-term forecast can be improved by utilizing the algorithms developed in this study.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.5
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• pp.207-214
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• 2013

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of death among the elderly. Several studies have reported the clinical usefulness of serum procalcitonin, a biomarker of bacterial infection. However, the association between the levels of procalcitonin and the severity in the elderly with CAP has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate usefulness of procalcitonin as a predictor of severity and mortality in the elderly with CAP. Methods: This study covers 155 CAP cases admitted to Pusan National University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2010. Patients were divided into two groups (${\geq}65$ years, n=99; <65 years, n=56) and were measured for procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell, confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure, 65 years or older (CURB-65) and pneumonia severity of index (PSI). Results: The levels of procalcitonin were significantly correlated with the CURB-65, PSI in totals. Especially stronger correlation was observed between the levels of procalcitonin and CURB-65 in the elderly (procalcitonin and CURB-65, ${\rho}$=0.408 with p<0.001; procalcitonin and PSI, ${\rho}$=0.293 with p=0.003; procalcitonin and mortality, ${\rho}$=0.229 with p=0.023). The correlation between the levels of CRP or WBC and CAP severity was low. The existing cut-off value of procalcitonin was correlated with mortality rate, however, it was not correlated with mortality within the elderly. Conclusion: The levels of procalcitonin are more useful than the levels of CRP or WBC to predict the severity of CAP. However, there was no association between the levels of procalcitonin and mortality in the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2008

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness in Podosan of Yeongyang, Gyeongbuk (748m, N $36^{\circ}$ $31^{\prime}$ $79.1^{\prime\prime}$$\sim$$36^{\circ}$ $30^{\prime}$ $16.8^{\prime\prime}$$\sim$, E $129^{\circ}$ $12^{\prime}$ $43.8^{\prime\prime}$$\sim$$129^{\circ}$ $14^{\prime}$ $07.1^{\prime\prime}$). The vascular plants collected 5 times (from May to September 2007) were consisted of total 437 taxa; 88 famailies, 267 genera, 384 species, 4 subspecies, 43 varieties and 6 forms. Among them, edible, medicinal, industrial, ornamental and usefulness unknown plants were 211 taxa, 229 taxa, 85 taxa, 71 taxa, 105 taxa, respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 9 taxa, and the special plants species based on floral region by Ministry of Environment were 13 taxa in grade III category, 4 taxa in grade IV category. The naturalized plants were 17 taxa, therefore naturalized ratio was 3.9%, and urban index 6.3%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.270-280
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• 2008

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness in Gongdeoksan of Mungyeong, Gyeongbuk (913m, N $36^{\circ}$ $46^{\prime}$ $37.5^{\prime\prime}$${\sim}$$36^{\circ}$ $43^{\prime}$ $61.0^{\prime\prime}$, $E128^{\circ}$ $15^{\prime}$ $00.3^{\prime\prime}$${\sim}$$128^{\circ}$ $17^{\prime}$ $57.9^{\prime\prime}$). The vascular plants collected 5 times (from May to September 2007) were consisted of total 429 taxa; 86 famailies, 279 genera, 374 species, 4 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. Among them, edible, medicinal, industrial, ornamental and usefulness unknown plants were 233 taxa, 297 taxa, 113 taxa, 111 taxa, 43 taxa, respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 5 taxa, and Law-protected plants by Ministry of Environment were 1 taxa, and the special plants species based on floral region by Ministry of Environment were 5 taxa in grade III category, 1 taxa in grade IV and grade V category. The naturalized plants were 15 taxa, therefore naturalized ratio was 3.5%, and urban index 5.5%.