• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2006

A high performance liquid chromatography assay method for spiramycin in fish muscle was developed. The developed method was evaluated and validated by monitoring spiramycin in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli) and in live conger eel (Anguilla japonica) in fish farms and distribution centers. Using the developed method, the recovery rate was up to 82.4-88.8%, which was higher than that of conventional methods (77.6-87.1%). In particular, the proposed sample treatment protocol was suitable for use with fish samples to remove low molecular weight materials and pigments that could interfere an accurate analysis. The prepared stock solution was very stable, and it remained chemically stable for 5 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. The performance limit of the developed method for spiramycin acid in fish muscle was 0.05 ppm. One hundred thirty-four fish samples including olive flounder, black rock fish and live conger eel were analyzed to evaluate the overall efficiency of the modified method and to monitor the actual condition of spiramycin usage in fish farms. Olive flounder and black rock fish were collected from fish farms in coastal areas of Korea, and live conger eels were purchased from a fish market in the Busan area from September 2001 to March 2002. According to the overall performance of the developed method, it was considered suitable for the monitoring of spiramycin in fish muscle. The suggested method of analysis for spiramycin in fish muscle is registered in the Korean Official Methods of Food Analysis and is currently tieing utilized for fishery products inspection by the Korea Food and Drug Administration and the National Fisheries Products Quality Inspection Service.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2011

The rate of disposable diaper usage has been increased continuously from convenience of disposable diapers and increment of women's entry in workforce. However, a new perspective toward disposable diapers has been come to the fore in various sides like babies' health, environment, and cost. Furthermore, cloth diaper has started to attract more attention. Since parents and grandparents pay more attention to children as birth rate dropped, they tend to purchase expensive goods if the quality or design of the goods is worthy enough. Therefore, this study has the purpose in presenting the basic data for developing functional and pleasant cloth diaper with analyzing the consuming patterns (convergence in nature, health and technology) and cloth diaper characteristics. The research on the actual condition about children cloth diapers and environmental-friendly materials is as follows. Firstly, as a result of analyzing pros and cons about disposable diapers and cloth diapers, the cloth diapers are estimated to have better health, environment, and cost factors than disposable diapers, only excluding convenience. Secondly, as a result of examining patent registered diapers, the disposable diapers have been improved from shape-centered development to well-being material development, and the cloth diapers have mainly developed functional shape-centered. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing children's goods made with environmental-friendly materials, the children's clothes already use organics and natural resources like beans, bamboo trees, ginkgo, and chitosan. Recently, the diaper industry starts to pay attention to environmental-friendly because the skin ailment from environmental pollution has been an issue. To conclude, children's cloth diaper should be appropriate to their body shape and optimized to have convenient form and functional materials. If environmental-friendly materials are used, quality, functionality, various demands from customers and vitalization of goods industry will be all satisfied.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.52-59
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• 2013

It was described the measured friction loss depending on pressure used and changes in water flow rates for a fire hose used at a fire scene on this study. As a result of actual measurement based on the result obtained by analyzing the use situation of a fire hose such as the kind, quantity, pressure used, etc. of a fire hose, the friction loss in a fire hose under the condition of using by a fire officer at a fire scene was measured as up to 56.8 %. This is much different from the equivalent length of a fire hose used to calculate the pump head in an indoor and outdoor fire-fighting facility. There is no related restrictive regulation on friction loss, there are even no data on friction loss measured by fire hose makers, and spreading a fire hose without considering friction loss at a fire scene can result in an increased length of hose used and a high-pressure water discharge from a fire engine, so this study aims to establish a standard for an equivalent length to friction loss in a fire hose and to propose a spreading method considering friction loss in a fire hose at a fire scene.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2020

In this work, tensile tests, one of the most common test method to assess the condition of a corroded pipe, were conducted. According to ASTM E8 method, the use of flat or curved uni-axial tension test is allowed under the recommendation with the usage of grips corresponding to a curvature of the pipe. However, this method is not for corroded specimen. Furthermore, in the case of performing the multiple tensile tests with various curvatures, it is desirable not to produce zigs that fit each curvatures, if merely processing the specimen grip with curvature into the flat grip can show almost identical tensile behavior. Therefore, various tension simulations were conducted first to check if there exist any differences. Also, experiments on corroded tensile specimen were conducted and compared with the FEM simulation that reflects the actual geometry acquired from the 3D scanner.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

Asbestos have been used around the world because of reliable and cost-effective physicochemical characteristics. After incubation period about 15-40 years asbestos can cause various cancers, including malignant mesothelioma when inhaled into the air. These properties turned out, asbestos have been banned from using in developed countries. Also in Korea also, the use of asbestos was banned across the board by revision of Industry Safety and Health Act in February 2009. Therefore, the problem of asbestos is not when using. It is about dismantling, maintenance, and the final processing of asbestos waste. Asbestos Cement slates which is Widely distributed throughout the country as roofing materials has much scattering potential compare with inside materials. Also Ministry of Environment is planning to introduce legislation 'Asbestos Safety Management Act' through Environment Announcement and The same Act. 24 show as follows. Minister of Environment or governor should do survey on the actual condition targeting rural buildings with slates and partly or fully fund to dissolve, remove asbestos slate which was used in each buildings. Therefore, to solve these problems, database-building and necessity of management strategies have been continually arisen. So this study was performed. Its application value is very high in terms of its political, economic. Asbestos Cement Slates database could build to collect national registered building data and then using GIS, asbestos cement Slates distribution map were constructed in each province's cities and counties of the country. And this map by Application, construction was to visualize by application, construction of year. Through these results, information of Asbestos Cement Slates could visually inform to policy makers, asbestos dismantling and management contractor, and civilian and it would alleviate the gap of knowledge information. This is expected to be utilized by medium and long-term and effective plan for demolition and dismantling of asbestos cement Slates.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.80-85
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• 2011

As the instability of oil prices rose because of the situation in Libya, oil prices worldwide recorded the highest level due to the interference in supply. And so, in the 21st century, increasing efforts are being made to use clean new renewable energy centered on solar energy in accommodation of the cycle of nature instead of being reliant on the oil exporting nations. In order to reduce city energy internationally, the implementation of a low carbon city under the combined cooperation of industrial. construction, new renewable energy and transportation sectors with continuous development centered on low carbon green urban planning is now becoming established as the paradigm of the times. Recently, the government has begun carrying out the One Million Green Home Project, which is a project where the government with the goal of providing one million renewable energy homes by 2020 gives renewable energy subsidization for a partial amount of the standard unit price of installation when solar ray, solar heat, geothermal heat, small wind power or fuel cell energy is used. Thus, through this thesis which studies the state of and surveys the green village at Shingok-ri Songhak-myun Jaecheon-shi, it is the desire that the One Million Green Homes Project will be more efficiently developed and plans for improvement formed so that a high level of satisfaction in the product will be provided.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.989-999
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to supply the basic data for the plan of the storage space in the kitchen by investigating the actual condition of the use and residents' satisfaction. The questionnaires were distributed to 136 families of the local apartment in South Chung-Cheong Province of Korea. The results were summarized as follows; first, among the furniture for storage, the upper and lower space have been installed in every furniture. The general tablewares were stored in the upper part of the kitchen and the frequently used goods for cooking were largely stored in the lower part. Second, in the method of reforming the kitchen space, it showed highest figure in case of purchasing the shelf and there were many cases of storing things by using the subsidiary storage furniture and boxes and it came to the conclusion that the housewives have a tendency to solve the storage problem by using the less expensive, simple and passive ways. Third, in the degree of satisfaction for the space for storage, it showed that the respondents were a little bit dissatisfied with the size of storage space, the position of furniture for storage, the convenience for using and the storage rapacity. Among the furniture for storage in the kitchen, the degree of satisfaction for the upper and lower parts was a little bit low, but it is higher for the others. For the plan of storage space, the aesthetic appreciation reflects visually being in order was considered to be the important factor.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

All the works including sculpture created by modern artists contain a message that represents both the ideas and spirit of an era. We are entrusted with the responsibility of transmitting to future generations modern art in as nearly as perfect condition as possible. Thus despite the challenges we face in preserving modern art, we are obliged to conserve it. Especially, outdoor sculpture can be considered as not only works of art themselves, but also a public art. The work of contemporary sculptors often refers to the complexity of social relationships between the art and the public space, so that the public space tends to include the actual public in the art. The conservator at this point needs to preserve tile concept of the public art which is incorporated in the public participation in the sculpture, in addition to the materials of the sculpture itself. Once the sculpture is damaged, it will need restoration. Restoration may be essential to prevent further deterioration, or it may be necessary in order to make an object usable again. It is difficult to generalize about restoration because, as with preventive treatment, the acceptable degree of intervention varies from one discipline to another The degree of treatment including restoration may depend on such variables as available resources, the future use of the object, and the needs of the particular discipline to which it belongs. When conservators start to treat artworks or during the treatment, they will face many moments where they have to make a choice. Codes of ethics are necessary in order to provide a basis for making choices. Even though ethics have always been subject to change depending on an era or culture, the ethics subject will be much easier to reached an agreement on than one involving aesthetic value. The aesthetic value will be one of the most prominent factors for defining the damage: even minor loss of parts or discolouration can be considered as fatal damage for artworks. Sometimes, an alteration of the appearancecould be intended by the artist himself so that the artist's intention could be important factor for judging the damage of artworks. But, modern hermeneutic theories show that the artist's intention cannot be the only factor for consideration, so that the interpretation and application of artist's intent should be an interdisciplinary task regarding distinctive social and cultural backgrounds.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.889-900
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• 2010

The experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to the investigation of the electro-UV complex process for the disinfection of E. coli in the water. The disinfection reactions of electro-UV process were mathematically described as a function of parameters power ($X_1$), NaCl dosage ($X_2$), initial pH ($X_3$) and disinfection time ($X_4$) being modeled by use of the Box-Behnken technique. The application of RSM using the Box-Behnken technique yielded the following regression equation, which is an empirical relationship between the residual E. coli number and test variables in actual variables: Ln (CFU) = 23.57 - 0.87 power - 1.87 NaCl dosage - 2.13 pH - 2.84 time - 0.09 power time - 0.07 NaCl dosage pH + 0.14 pH time + 0.03 $power^2$ + 0.47 NaCl $dosage^2$ + 0.20 $pH^2$+ 0.33 $time^2$. The model predictions agreed well with the experimentally observed result ($R^2$ = 0.9987). Graphical response surface and contour plots were used to locate the optimum point. The estimated ridge of maximum response and optimal conditions for the E. coli disinfection using canonical analysis was Ln 1.06 CFU (power, 15.40 W; NaCl dosage, 1.95 g/L, pH, 5.94 and time, 4.67 min). To confirm this optimum condition, the obtained number of the residual E. coli after three additional experiments were Ln 1.05, 1.10 and Ln 1.12. These values were within range of 0.62 (95% PI low)~1.50 (95% PI high), which indicated that conforming the reproducibility of the model.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.145-155
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• 2008

This study examined the actual use and users‘ satisfaction with the university dormitories in Gwangju and Chonnam and analyse the related variables that affect on them. Self-administered questionnaires were provided to 200 university students from Gwangju and the Chonnam area. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: T-test Below are the study findings. Female students express more satisfaction with community affinity than male students in the satisfaction about socio-psychological environment. Students residing in the rooms for 2 persons express more satisfaction with the division of private space with common space, study appropriateness etc. than those residing in the rooms for 4 persons. Students residing in the cluster-type rooms express more satisfaction with the division of private space with common spaces study appropriateness and relationship with other students in other rooms etc. In relation to the room environment, female students express less dissatisfaction with the noise than male students. Students residing in the rooms for 2 persons express more satisfaction with the room size, interior temperature pleasantness, brightness etc. than those residing the in rooms for 4 persons. Students residing in the cluster-type rooms express more satisfaction with the bed size, the condition of interior finishing, interior temperature pleasantness, brightness and interior air pleasantness etc. than those residing in unit-rooms. In relation to common using environment, male students express more satisfaction with the library than female students. And students residing in the rooms for 4 persons and those residing in the cluster-type rooms express more satisfaction with lounge than those residing in the rooms for 2 persons and those residing in the unit-rooms. Organizing the university domitory planning according to the students' demands, based on this study, the change to general function of domitory in sleeping, studying, leisure activity and culture acitivity is needed. Interior environment technical factor of interior air pleasantness and noise should be improved.