• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

The disease diagnosis system has been developed using the thin nitride(Si3N4) cantilever arrays which can measure the difference of capacitances between sensor and reference. The system consists of 32-bits RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer), RAM/Flash, bus, communication IP's, ADC(Analog Digital Converter) board, and LCD display. The marker selection method, which give us the good accuracy from reasonal numbers of markers, is suggested. The developed system has the resolution under 1fF and can detect 10nM concentration of Thrombin.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.121-134
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• 1994

Shock tube investigation of ethylene oxide-$0_{2}-N_{2}$ mixture have been performed to reveal detonation characteristics of the mixture in terms of detonation pressure and speed. Theoretical calculation of thermodynamic parameters at the Chapmann-Jouguet detonation of the mixture has been also performed. A comparision of the observed results with the calculated ones can lead us to predict the detonation parameters of ethylene oxide in an artificial air. In addition, we have observed ignition delay times of ethylene oxide mixtures. The best fit of the observed delay times to Arrhenius gas kinetic relation gives : ${\tau}=10^{-144}{e{xp}}(E_a/RT)[C_{2}H_{4}O]^{-4.8}[O_{2}]^{-12.4}[N_{2}]^{-14.1}$ $E_a=3.67kcal/mole$ The observed activation energy is markedly reduced, compared with the case of ethylene oxide diluted in Ar. It could be due to the factor that $N_2$ play a role as detonation promoter yielding very reactive NOx radicals.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

Inert gases, Af, $N_2$, $CO_2$, as a Halon alternative, the empirical equations were correlated in terms of saturated pressure, density and viscosity, They were obtained by regression analysis from the experimental data in the literature. The empirical equations of saturated pressure were expressed as the second and third order function of temperature. The empirical equation for Ar and $N_2$ of density were expressed as the first order function of temperature. And $CO_2$ was expressed as the second and third order function of temperature. The empirical equation of viscosity was formulated as a power function with temperature. This empirical equations would allow us to predict pure component state.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.48.1-48.1
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• 2014

Galaxy clusters, the largest gravitationally bound systems, are an important means to place constraints on cosmological models. Moreover, they are excellent places to test galaxy evolution models in connection to the environments. To this day, massive clusters have been found unexpectedly(Kang & Im 2009, Durret et al. 2011, Tashikawa et al. 2012) and evolution of galaxies in cluster have been still controversial (Elbaz et al. 2007, Cooper et al. 2008, Tran et al. 2009). Finding galaxy cluster candidates at z>1 in a wide, deep imaging survey data will enable us to solve the such issues of modern extragalactic astronomy. We report new candidates of galaxy clusters and their physical properties in one of the wide and deep survey fields, European Large Area ISO Survey North1(ELAIS-N1) and North2(ELAIS-N2) fields, covering sky area of and each. We also suggest a new useful color selection technique to separate 1 < z < 2 galaxies from low-z galaxies by combining multi-wavelength data from the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey Deep Extragalactic Survey (UKIDSS DXS/J and K band), Spitzer Wise-area InfraRed Extragalactic survey (SWIRE/two mid-infrared bands), Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT/z band), Issac Newton Telescope(INT/ u, g, r, i, z band) and Infrared Medium-deep Survey(IMS/J band).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.538-546
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• 2006

We report on characteristics of specially designed inductively-coupled-plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) system for top-emitting organic light emitting diodes (TOLEDs). Using high-density plasma on the order of $10^{11}$ electrons/$cm^3$ generated by linear-type antennas connected in parallel and specially designed substrate cooling system, a 100 nm-thick transparent $SiN_{x}$ passivation layer was deposited on thin Mg-Ag cathode layer at substrate temperature below $50\;^{\circ}C$ without a noticeable plasma damage. In addition, substrate-mask chucking system equipped with a mechanical mask aligner enabled us to pattern the $SiN_x$ passivation layer without conventional lithography processes. Even at low substrate temperature, a $SiN_x$ passivation layer prepared by ICP-CVD shows a good moisture resistance and transparency of $5{\times}10^{-3}g/m^2/day$ and 92 %, respectively. This indicates that the ICP-CVD system is a promising methode to substitute conventional plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) in thin film passivation process.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2000

The liverwort Pellia borealis is a diploid, monoecious, allopolypliod species (n=18) that as it was postulated, originated after hybridization and duplication of chromosome sets of two cryptic species: Pellia epiphylta-species N (n=9) and Pellia epiphylla-species 5 (n=9). Our recent results have supported the allopolyploid origin of P.borealis. We have shown that the nuclear genome of P.borealis consists of two nuclear genomes: one derived from P.epiphylla-species N and the other from P.epiphylla-species 5. In this paper we show the origin of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in an allopolyploid species P.borealis. To our knowledge there is no information concerning the way of mitochondria and chloroplast inheritance in Brophyta. Using an allopolyploid species of p. borealis as a model species we have decided to look into chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of P.borealis, P.epiphylla-species N and P.epiphylla-species S for nucleotide sequences that would allow us to differentiate between both cryptic species and to identify the origin of organelle genomes in the alloploid species. We have amplified and sequenced a chloroplast $tRNA^{Leu}$ gene (anticodon UAA) containing an intron that has shown to be highly variable in a nucleotide sequence and used for plant population genetics. Unfortunately these sequences were identical in all three liverwort species tested. The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of chloroplast, an intron containing $tRNA^{Gly}$ (anticodon UCC) genes, gave expected results: the intron nucleotide sequence was identical in the case of both P.borealis and P.epiphyllaspecies N, while the sequence obtained from P.epiphyllasperies S was different in several nucleotide positions. These results were confirmed by the nucleotide sequence of another chloroplast molecular marker the chloroplast, an intron-contaning $tRNA^{Lys}$ gene (anticodon UUU). We have also sequenced mitochondrial, an intron-containing $tRNA^{Ser}$ gene (anticodon GCU) in all three liverwort species. In this case we found that, as in the case of the chloroplast genome, P.borealis mitochondrial genome was inherited from P.epiphylla-species N. On the basis of our results we claim that both organelle genomes of P.borealis derived from P.epiphylla-species N.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2001

Glycoproteins PAS-6(50 kDa) and -7(47 kDa) from the bovine milk fat globule membrane share a common protein core but differ in their carbohydrate moiety. We have analyzed and proposed the structures of the N-linked sugar chains of PAS-7 by Oxford Glyco System(OGS) RAAM2000. The N-linked sugar chains were liberated from PAS-7 by hydrazinolysis and, after modifying the reducing ends with 2-aminobenzamide(2-AB), were separated into one neutral(7N, 55%) and two acidic(7M, mono-, 43%; 7D, di-, 2%) sugar chain groups. 7N was finally separated into 5 chains(a, b, c, d, and e), respectively. The structure of this 2AB-neutral sugar chain was determined by sugar analysis, exoglycosidase digestion with OGS glycosidase Kit and OGS RAAM2000 system. The results show that fraction e was the same of reported 7N1A, the biantennary complex type with a fucose on reducing end and two N-acetyllactosamine branch on non-reducing end. Therefore, it was proved that OGS RAAM2000 method is in conformity with conventional analysis of sugar chain structure from bovine PAS-7.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.384-384
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• 2009

최근 태양전지 개발이 본격화 되면서 태양전지 웨이퍼 표면에서의 재결합에 의한 손실을 줄이고 반사도를 감소시키기 위한 ARC 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이를 위해 널리 사용하는 ARC 물질로 수소화된 실리콘 질화막이 있다. 수소화된 실리콘 질화막은 PECVD 법으로 저온에서 실리콘 기판 위에 증착 가능한 장점이 있다. 또한 실리콘 질화막의 광학적, 전기적인 특성은 화학적 조성비에 의해 결정되며 증착온도 가변에 따라 균일도 및 굴절률 조절을 가능케 하여 태양전지의 효율을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수소화된 실리콘 질화막을 태양전지에 적용하기 위해 질소 가스 분위기에서 PECVD를 이용하여 증착하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 박막은 0.8 Torr의 압력에서 $150^{\circ}C{\sim}450^{\circ}C$의 기판 온도로 증착되었으며 이때의 RF power은 100W ~ 300W로 가변 하였다. 증착된 박막은 1.94 에서 2.23의 폭넓은 굴절률 값을 가지고 있었다. $SiH_4/NH_3$ 가스 비의 증가에 따라 박막 두께와 굴절률이 감소함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 $NH_3$ 가스의 상대적인 증가에 따라 Si 생성을 선행하는 $SiH_4$ 가스의 부분압이 제한되기 때문이고, 이러한 결과로 박막내에 질소 원자가 증가함에 따라 N-H 결합이 증가하여 n-rich인 박막 상태가 되기 때문으로 분석된다. 증착된 실리콘 질화막의 소수반송자 수명 측정 결과 굴절률 2.23인 박막의 경우 약 87 us의 수명을 나타냈으며, 굴절률이 1.94로 줄어듦에 따라 소수반송자 수명 역시 79 us로 감소하였다. 수소화된 실리콘 질화막은 n-rich 보다 Si-rich 인 경우 effective 반송자 수명을 증가시켜 표면 재결합 속도를 줄이는데 유용함을 확인하였다. 또한 증착온도가 증가할수록, RF power가 증가 할수록 소수반송자 수명 역시 증가하였다. 반사도의 경우 $SiH_4$의 비율이 증가할수록 반사도가 감소함을 확인 하였으며, 증착온도 증가에 따라, RF power 증가에 따라 반사도가 감소하였다. 결과적으로 $450^{\circ}C$의 기판온도와 300W의 RF power에서 증착된 실리콘 질화막의 경우 가장 우수한 전기적, 광학적 특성을 보여주었다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.235-252
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• 2022

Forward osmotic pressure-free reverse osmosis (Δ𝜋=0 RO) was invented in 2013. The first patent (US 9,950,297 B2) was registered on April 18, 2018. The "Osmotic Pressure of Concentrated Solutions" in JACS (1908) by G.N. Lewis of MIT was used for the estimation. The Chang's RO system differs from conventional RO (C-RO) in that two-chamber system of osmotic pressure equalizer and a low-pressure RO system while C-RO is based on a single chamber. Chang claimed that all aqueous solutions, including salt water, regardless of its osmotic pressure can be separated into water and salt. The second patent (US 10.953.367B2, March 23, 2021) showed that a low-pressure reverse osmosis is possible for 3.0% input at Δ𝜋 of 10 to 12 bar. Singularity ZERO reverse osmosis from his third patent (Korea patent 10-22322755, US-PCT/KR202003595) for a 3.0% NaCl input, 50% more water recovery, use of 1/3 RO membrane area, and 1/5th of theoretical energy. These numbers come from Chang's laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis. Relative residence time (RRT) of feed and OE chambers makes Δ𝜋 to zero or negative by recycling enriched feed flow. The construction cost by S-ZERO was estimated to be around 50~60% of the current RO system.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.173-174
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• 2005

On behalf of the IRSF/SIRIUS group, I introduce some recent results from our deep near-infrared surveys (J, Hand Ks bands, limiting magnitude of Ks=17) toward star forming regions in the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG) and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the near-infrared camera SIRIUS. We discovered a rich population of low-mass young stellar objects associated with the W3 and NGC 7538 regions in the MWG based on the near-infrared colors arid magnitudes. The high sensitivity of our survey enables us to detect intermediate-mass pre-main sequence stars, i.e. HAEBE stars, even in the LMC. We detected many HAEBE candidate stars in the N159/N160 complex star forming region in the LMC with the IRSF 1.4-m telescope. Spatial distributions of the young stellar objects indicate the sequential cluster formation in each star forming region in the complex and large scale (a few ${\times}$ 100 pc) sequential cluster formation over the entire complex.