• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.233-235
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• 1991

A total of 167 patients underwent mascroscopic vasovasostomy by a modified double layer reanastomosis to correct postvasectomy sterility during a 5-year period between 1986 and 1991. We obtained the anatomical patency and pregnancy rates from 61 patients whose follow-ups were completed. There by, we report the following results. 1. Of the 167 patients, the mean age and the average duration of vasobstruction were 34.0 and 4. 4 years respectively. The reasons for ecanalization were desire for more baby in 71.9%. death of children, 24.5% and remarriage in 3.6%. 2. Of the 61 patients with complete follow-up. the anatomical patency and pregnancy rates were 83.6%(51 patients) and 50.8%(31 patients) respectively. 3. For the 36 out of 61 patients whose duration of vasobstruction was less than 5 years, the anatomical patency and pregnancy rates were 88.9%(32 patients) and 58.3%(21 patients) respectively. The rates for the remaining 25 patients whose duration was greater than 5 years were 80.0%(20 patients) and 40.0%(10 patients). 4. Of the 61 patients, 51 exhibited sperms from the proximal vas on microscope during the operation. Their anatomical patency and pregnancy rates were 88.2%(45) and 54.9%(28) respectively. The rates for the remaining 10 patients without any sperms were 60.0%(6) and 30.0%(3). From the above results, we can conclude that macroscopic reanastomoses by modified double layer technique has appreciable success rates that could possibly be compared to the microscopic results.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.157-159
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of PCR for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among male patients with chronic recurrent prostatitis and urethritis. Between June 2001 and December 2003, a total of 33 patients visited the Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital and were examined for T. vaginalis infection by PCR and culture in TYM medium. For the PCR, we used primers based on a repetitive sequence cloned from T. vaginalis (TV-E650). Voided bladder urine (VB1 and VB3) was sampled from 33 men with symptoms of lower urinary tract infection (urethral charge, residual urine sensation, and frequency). Culture failed to detect any T. vaginalis infection whereas PCR identified 7 cases of trichomoniasis (21.2%). Five of the 7 cases had been diagnosed with prostatitis and 2 with urethritis. PCR for the 5 prostatitis cases yielded a positive 330 bp band from bothVB1 and VB3, whereas positive results were only obtained from VB1 for the 2 urethritis patients. We showed that the PCR method could detect T. vaginalis when there was only 1 T. vaginalis cell per PCR mixture. Our results strongly support the usefulness of PCR on urine samples for detecting T. vaginalis in chronic prostatitis and urethritis patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6637-6641
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• 2013

Background: To evaluate the results of various types of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment of renal tumors in patients with excessive anesthetic and surgical risk. Materials and Methods: Data for RFA performed in in high risk patients were retrospectively evaluated. Other RFA applications in patients with no anesthetic and/or surgical risk were excluded. RFA was by ultrasound or CT guided percutaneous (USG/CT-PRFA) and retroperitoneally or transperitoneally laparoscopic (R/T-LRFA) techniques under general or local anethesia. Follow-up data of enhanced CT or MRI after 1, 3 and 6 months were analysed for twelve RFA applications. Results: The RFA applications included 4 (40%) left-sided, 5 (50%) right-sided and 1 (10%) bilaterally RFA (simultaneously 1 right and 2 left). The localizations of tumors were 2 (16.6%) upper, 5 (41.6%) mid and 5 (41.6%) lower pole. The RFA applications included 9 (75%) USG-PRFA, 1 (8.3%) CT-PRFA, 1 (8.3%) T-LRFA and 1 (8.3%) R-LRFA. The mean age was $65.3{\pm}8.5$ (52-76) years. The mean tumor size was $29.6{\pm}6.08$ (15-40) mm. No complications related to the RFA were encountered in any of the cases. Failure (residual tumour) was determined in 8.3% (1/12) of USG-RFA application. The success rate was thus 91.7% (11/12). Other 1st, 3rd and 6th months follow-up data revealed no residua and recurrence. Conclusions: RFA application appears to be safe as a less invasive and effective treatment modality in selected cases of small renal tumors in individuals with excessive anesthetic and also surgical risk.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4503-4506
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• 2016

Background: Lymph node and distant metastases are known as the prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Clinical parameters are needed to predict metastases preoperatively. The aim of this study was to assess clinical predictive factors for lymph node and distant metastases. Materials and Methods: We collected RCC data from January 1995 until December 2015 at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital in Jakarta. We only reviewed data that had renal cell carcinoma histopathology by operation or biopsy. Clinical information such as patient age, gender, hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and tumor size (clinical T stage) were reviewed and analyzed by Chi-squre and logistic regression to establish clinical predictive value. Results: A total of 102 patients were reviewed. There were 32 (31.4%) with lymph node metastases and 27 (26.5%) with distant metastases. Age, Hb and clinical T staging were associated with nodal metastases. However, only Hb and clinical T staging were found to be associated with distant metastases. By logistic regression, we found T3-4 in clinical T-stage to be the only predictor of nodal metastases (OR 5.14; 1.87 - 14.09) and distant metastases (OR 3.42; 1.27 - .9.23). Conclusions: Clinical T-stages of T3 and T4 according to The AJCC TNM classification could be used as independent clinical predictive factors for lymph node or distant metastases in patients with RCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2016

Background: Epidemiological evidence indicates that individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) may have a modestly increased risk of bladder cancer. In the present study, we aimed to show any association between DM and risk of metastasis in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 698 patients between January 2007 and December 2014 who were diagnosed with and underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TUR-BT). Comparisons of means was conducted by independent samples t test, and relations between categorical variables were investigated by non-parametric chi-square test. A p value of 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant in comparisons. Results: We analyzed 418 patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer. 123 of whom were diabetic and 295 non-diabetic. In diabetic patients, 13 were N1 stage and 11 M1 stage. When compared with non diabetic patients that was statistically significant (p<0.001). TNM stages were more advanced in diabetic patients (p<0.001), but concurrent CIS (p=0.1) and squamous metaplasia did not significantly differ between diabetic and non-diabetic cases (p=1). Conclusions: Diabetic patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer may suffer metastases earlier than expected although they are non invasive. Therefore such patients must be followed-up carefully and early cystectomy decision may be necessary. Further prospective studies with more patients are needed to confirm these findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3099-3103
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• 2014

TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions in prostate cancer have a dominant prevalence of approximately 50.0%, but infomration is limited on differences among ethnic and geographical groups. Some studies focusing on Japanese and Korean patients reported a lower incidence. Investigations concerning Chinese revealed controversial results. We evaluated TMPRSS2:ERG, TMPRSS2:ETV1 and TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusions in more than 100 Eastern Chinese prostate cancer patients. Paraffin blocks of needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy were collected from 91 and 18 patients respectively. All patients' clinicopathologic factors were gathered. TMPRSS2:ERG, TMPRSS2:ETV1 and TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusions were tested by multi-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. TMPRSS2:ERG fusions was present in 14.3% biopsy specimens and 11.1% radical prostatectomy patients. Neither TMPRSS2:ETV1 nor TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusion was found in any case. Altogether, 13 (86.7%) TMPRSS2:ERG fusion positive cases possessed deletion pattern and 7 (46.6%) and insertion pattern. Some 5 cases had both deletion and insertion patterns. While 38.5% (5/13) patients with deletion pattern had distant metastasis, except for one metastatic case harboring both deletion and insertion, there were no patients with insertion pattern accompanied with metastasis. There were no differences between fusion positive and negative cases in the distribution of age, PSA, Gleason score and TNM stage. Eastern Chinese prostate cancer patients have a significantly low incidence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. They also lack TMPRSS2:ETV1 and TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusion. There are more deletion pattern than insertion pattern in TMPRSS2:ERG positive cases. Fusion positive and negative patients have no clinicopathologic factor differences.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3419-3423
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• 2015

Background: Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is rare and frequently misdiagnosed. The standard therapeutic approach has been radical inguinal orchiectomy with wide local resection of surrounding soft tissues. The current trend of organ preservation in the treatment of several cancers has started to evolve. Herein we present our testis-sparing surgery experience in the treatment of spermatic cord liposarcoma and a pooled analysis on this topic. Materials and Methods: Clinical information from patient receiving organ-sparing surgery was described. Clinical studies evaluating this issue were identified by using a predefined search strategy, e.g., Pubmed database with no restriction on date of published papers. The literature search used the following terms: epidemiology, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, testis sparing surgery, spermatic cord sarcomas/liposarcomas. Results: Patient received a complete excision of the lesion, preserving the spermatic cord and the testis. The final pathological report showed a well differentiated liposarcoma with negative surgical margins and no signs of local invasion. After 2-year of follow-up, there was no evidence of local recurrence. Since the first case reported in 1952, a total of about 200 well-documented spermatic cord liposarcoma cases have been published in English literature. Among these patients, only three instances were reported to have received an organ-sparing surgery in the treatment of spermatic cord liposarcoma. Conclusions: Radical inguinal orchiectomy and resection of the tumor with a negative microscopic margin is the recommended treatment for liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. But for small, especially well-differentiated, lesions, testis-sparing surgery might be a good option if an adequate negative surgical margin is assured.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1033-1036
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• 2015

Background: Testosterone, a primary androgen in males, is converted into its most active form, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), by $5{\alpha}$-reductase type 2 (encoded by the SRD5A2 gene) in the prostate. DHT is necessary for prostatic growth and has five times higher binding affinity than testosterone for androgen receptors. We hypothesized that polymorphic variations in the SRD5A2 gene may affect the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We analyzed SRD5A2 gene polymorphisms in 217 BPH patients, 192 PCa cases, and 171 controls. Genotyping was undertaken using direct DNA sequencing. Genotype data were compared between cases and controls using a Chi square statistical tool. Results: We found that the A49T locus was monomorphic with 'AA' genotype in all subjects. At V89L locus, the presence of 'VV' showed a marginally significant correlation with increased BPH risk (p=0.047). At the $(TA)_n$ locus, longer TA repeats were found to be protective against BPH (p=0.003). However, neither of these polymoprhisms correlated with the risk of PCa. Conclusions: We conclude that A49T is monomorphic in the study population, VV marginally correlates with BPH risk, and longer $(TA)_n$ repeats are protective against BPH. None of these polymorphisms affect the risk of PCa.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.931-935
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• 2012

Cdc25 phosphatases are important regulators of the cell cycle. Their abnormal expression detected in a number of tumors implies that their dysregulation is involved in malignant transformation. However, the role of Cdc25B in renal cell carcinomas remains unknown. To shed light on influence on renal cell carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, Cdc25B expression was examined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting in renal cell carcinoma and normal tissues. 65 kDa Cdc25B expression was higher in carcinomas than in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05), positive correlations being noted with clinical stage and histopathologic grade (P<0.05). To additionally investigate the role of Cdc25B alteration in the development of renal cell carcinoma, Cdc25B siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of Cdc25B. Down-regulation resulted in slower growth, more G2/M cells, weaker capacity for migration and invasion, and induction of apoptosis in 769-P transfectants. Reduction of 14-3-3 protein expression appeared related to Cdc25B knockdown. These findings suggest an important role of Cdc25B in renal cell carcinoma development and provide a rationale for investigation of Cdc2B-based gene therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3289-3292
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• 2013

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify clinical profiles of patients with low risk of having bone metastases, for which bone scanning could be safely eliminated. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study looked at prostate cancer patients seen in the Urology Departments in 2 tertiary centres over the 11 year period starting from January 2000 to May 2011. Patient demographic data, levels of PSA at diagnosis, Gleason score for the biopsy core, T-staging as well as the lymph node status were recorded and analysed. Results: 258 men were included. The mean age of those 90 men (34.9%) with bone metastasis was $69.2{\pm}7.3$ years. Logistic regression found that PSA level (P=0.000) at diagnosis and patient's nodal-stage (P=0.02) were the only two independent variables able to predict the probability of bone metastasis among the newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. Among thowse with a low PSA level less than 20ng/ml, and less than 10ng/ml, bone metastasis were detected in 10.3% (12 out of 117) and 9.7% (7 out of 72), respectively. However, by combining PSA level of 10ng/ml or lower, and nodal negative as the two criteria to predict negative bone scan, a relatively high negative predictive value of 93.8% was obtained. The probability of bone metastasis in prostate cancer can be calculated with this formula: -1.069+0.007(PSA value, ng/ml)+1.021(Nodal status, 0 or 1)=x Probability of bone metastasis=$2.718^x/1+2.718^x$. Conclusion: Newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients with a PSA level of 10ng/ml or lower and negative nodes have a very low risk of bone metastasis (negative predictive value 93.8%) and therefore bone scans may not be necessary.