• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.513-532
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of the Soyangin Yangkyuksanwhatang, Indongduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang that are the model prescriptions for diabetic soyangin. The contents of serum glucose, insulin, total triglyceride and urine glucose, ketone-body and urine volumn and body-weights were mesured on the Alloxan-Induced diabetic Rats. The following results have been measured. 1. Yangkyuksanwhatang, Indonduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang showed significant decreases on the serum glucose and particulruy Sookjiwhanggosamtang decreased significantly. 2. The contents of serum insulin on the Alloxan-Induced diabetic Rats comparing with normal group were increased in Yangkyuksanwhatang and Indongduengjigolpitang with no significance but Sookjiwhanggosamtang showed a significant increase on the serum insulin. 3. The contents of serum triglyceride were decreased in three groups, but Indongduengjigolpitang showed the significant decrease and others did not. 4. The contents of serum total cholesterol were signicantly decreased In indongduengjigolpitang but Yangkyuksanwhatang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang did not. 5. The contents of urine glucose simillary decreased in three groups. 6. The contents of urine ketone-body were not changed comparing with control group in Yangkyuksanwhatang and Indongduengjigolpitang groups, but Sookjiwhanggosamtang group showed some increase. 7. The urine volume were significantly decreased in Yangkyuksanwhatang, but Indongduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang showed the decrease of urine volume with no significance. 8. Body weights were regained comparing with control group, but only Indongduengjigolpitang showed significant increase. According to the above results, Yangkyuksanwhatang, Indongduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang had the effect for hyperglycemia, particulary Indongduengjigolpitang was assumed as having the effect for hyperlipemia and weight-loss induced by D. M.. Therefore, by this experiments it can be concluded that Yangkyuksanwhatang, indongduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang recorded in "DongYi Soose Bowon" have the effect for soyangin diabetics.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.153-160
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• 2018

3D ultrasound bladder scanners are getting popular in hospitals for the patients with bladder dysfunction. A current bladder scanner adopts a mechanical scan to acquire 3D images and requires two motors and complicated mechanical devices. In this paper, we propose a new ultrasound bladder scanner using hand-motion scan. Instead of two motors and mechanical devices, it has a motion sensor to record transducer positions during hand-motion scan. The experiments with a bladder phantom and volunteers showed similar measurement accuracy to a conventional 3D ultrasound bladder scanner. We expect that the proposed method will reduce the cost and size of the bladder scanner.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1983

Pulmonary function is the determinant of blood gas tension. However, Acid-Base disturbances can also alter partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. During respiratory acidosis $PO_2$ will be lowered and reverse changes will be produced during respiratory alkalosis. On the other hand, in metabolic acidosis $PO_2$ will be elevated and $PCO_2$ will be lowered by the respiratory compensation, and reverse response will be induced in metabolic alkalosis. Urinary gas tension has many influencing factors than arterial blood and difficult to estimate the tendency of its alterations. Urinary $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ are not always identical level as venous blood. It is to be altered by blood gas tension, flow rate of urine, metabolic rate of kidney, and Acid-Base status of blood. Particularly countercurrent exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the renal medulla will make larger alteration of gas tension than venous blood. After induction of Acid-Base disturbances [disturbances] arterial and urinary $PCO_2$, $PO_2$, urinary volume, and osmolarity were determined in dogs, and the relationships between arterial and urinary $PCO_2$ , $PO_2$ Acid-Base disturbances, urinary volume, and osmolarity were investigated. 1. During the acute Metabolic and Respiratory disturbances urinary pH did not respond on respiratory origin. However, there were immediate urinary response in pH on metabolic origin. 2. Urinary $PO_2$, $PCO_2$, did not always follow arterial or venous gas tension and Acid-Base disturbance. Urinary $PCO_2$, correlate well with the urinary volume. The larger the urinary volume, $PCO_2$ lowered to the venous level. The smaller the urinary volume, urinary $PCO_2$ tends to be higher. However urinary $PO_2$ did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. 3. Correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and $PO_2$ were inversely proportional to arterial blood. Differences of $PCO_2$ between arterial blood and urine also did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. This may suggest that changes on blood gas tensions can influence on urinary $PCO_2$. 4. There were eminent clear inverse correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and osmolar concentrations of urine. Above results strongly suggest that partial pressure of gas in urine primarily depend upon counter-current exchanges in renal medullary tissues.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.683-693
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• 1997

Urinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary and inappropriate loss of urine to failure to emit normal responses as the bladder fills, or inability to reach the bathroom in sufficient time. This study was undertaken to estimate the incidence of urinary incontinence and to determine the correlates of urinary incontinence among women. Subjects of this survey consisted of 408 women, 26 to 83 years old in Incheon. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Of the subjects 50.7% reported urine loss once or twice per year and 28.5% reported incontinence on a regular basis at least once per month. 2. 40.5% of women reported small volume accidents of only 1 to 2 drops, 31.4% ; 1 t-spoon, 16.9% : 1 T-spoon, while 10.1% of women couldn't estimate the volume of urine loss. 3. The volume of urine loss was great enough to require a change of garment (undergarments or outer garments) in 73%. But only 3.8% of those used some type of pads. 4. 56.5% of incontinent women didn't talk about their urinary incontinence with other persons because they felt that urinary incontinence was shameful(38.4%), was not a disease(31.6%), was incurable in spite of treatment(27.4%) and was fearful of being uncured (2.6%). 5. Only 15.5% of urinary incontinent women had sought treatment. 6. The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in women who had more pariety and uterine-ovarian disease, older age, worrying about where toilets were when they visited new places or voiding anxiety, nocturia and frequency, but was significantly lower in women who had coffee intake. The incidence of urinary incontinence was not related to smoking and enuresis. The results indicate that urinary incontinence is common among young and middle-aged women. That few seek treatment for urinary incontinence suggests a need for more information about women's attitudes toward urinary incontinence and more attention to this problem by health care providers.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in urinary frequency, residual urine volume, and quality of life following pelvic floor exercises using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise patterns and EMG biofeedback training in patients with stress urinary incontinence. Methods: The subjects were male patients diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence. This study used a single system design (A-B-C.) At baseline, the patients' symptoms prior to the treatment intervention were recorded (A section). Next, the patients performed the PNF exercise (B section). Thereafter, they performed the PNF exercise, with EMG biofeedback (C section). The subjects performed the exercises in each section for 1 week for a total of 3 weeks. Urinary frequency, residual urine volume, and quality of life of the subjects were measured. Results: The frequency of urination was 9 times in A, 8 times in A 'and B, and 7 times in C. The amount of residual urine decreased from 23.78ml in A to 21.85ml in A ', 14.85ml in B, and 14.63ml in C. The international prostate symptom score was 16 points in A, 14 points in A ', 11 points in B, and 7 points at A. The quality of life score was 4 points in A, 4 points in A ', 3 points in B, and 2 points in A. Conclusion: Both the PNF exercise and EMG biofeedback decreased urination frequency and residual urine volume and improved the quality of life of patients with stress urinary incontinence. EMG biofeedback training using the PNF technique was the most effective.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Purpose: The plcr of spot urine has been uised to predict the timed urine protein excretion. Although this method reduces errors caused by variations in urine volume, it is relatively thconvenient and expensive. Recently, a more rapid and less expensive screening method with specific gravity(SG) has been reported, and we have examined whether estimated-creatinine(Cr-est) with urine 5G could be used in place of urine creatinine to predict 24-hour collected urine protein excretion in children. Methods: We had retrospectively analyzed protein, creatinine and urine SG in randomized spot urine samples of 147 patients from March 1998 till June 1998 in Korea university Guro hospital and compared the urinary protein creatinine ratio(P/Cr) with the protein estimated-creatinine ratio(P/Cr-est). We compared the correlation of urinary creatinine vs-urine 5G with the timed urine pretein excretion. Results: 1) urine SG accurately estimated urine creatinine concentration (r=0.407, P<0.001, Cr=SG x 4485.82-4482.87). 2) P/Cr correlated with urine protein excretion measured in a 24-hour urine collection (r=0.771, P<0.001, 24-hour collected urine protein : 0.338 x (P/Cr) 4+667.885). 3) P/Cr-est correlated with a 24-hour collected urine protein (r=0.723, P<0.001, 24-hour collected urine protein =0.354 x (P/Cr-est)+726.044), Conclusions: These results suggest that P/Cr-est with urine SG could be useful method for screening proteinuria in children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 1992

Five buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature ($30^{\circ}C$) showed no significant changes in the heart rate, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, plasma constituents and renal hemodymics during intravenous infusion of urea for 4 h. The rate of urine flow, fractional urea excretion, urinary potassium excretion and osmolar clearance significantly decreased while the renal urea reabsorption markedly increased during urea infusion. The decrease of fractional potassium excretion was concomitant with the reduction of the rate of urine flow and urine pH. In animals exposed to heat ($40^{\circ}C$) the rectal temperature heart rate and respiratory rate significantly increased while no significant changes in GFR and ERPF were observed. An intravenous infusion of urea in heat exposed animals caused the reduction of the rate of urine flow with no changes in renal urea reabsorption, urine pH and fractional electrolyte excretions. During heat exposure, there were marked increases in concentrations of total plasma protein and plasma creatinine whereas plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration significantly decreased. It is concluded that an increase in renal urea reabsorption during urea infusion in buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature depends on the rate of urine flow which affect by an osmotic diuretic effect of electrolytes. The limitation of renal urea reabsorption in heat stressed animals would be attributed to an increases in either plasma pool size of nitrogenous substance or body metabolism.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-103
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• 2002

This present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Saengjingamrotang and Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats. Body weigh, serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and urine levels of volume, glucose, protein were measured in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats orally receiving extracts of Sanengjingamrotang and Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis for 4 days. The results were as follows: 1. The change of body weight, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has the notable increase, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration has no notable change, as compared to control group. 2. The change of the content on serum glucose, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang conctntration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 3. The change of the content on serum insulin, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has the notable increase, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration has no notable change, as compared to control group. 4. The change of the content on serum total cholesterol, the medication group of saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 5. The change of the content on serum triglyceride, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis Concentration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 6. The change of urine volume, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has the notable decrease, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration has no notable change, as compared to control group. 7. The change of the content on urine glucose, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 8. The Change of the content of serum protein, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration have notable decrease, s compared to control group. 9. The change of body weight, serum insulin and urine volume, the medication group of saenfjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has more notable change than the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration, as compared to control group. According to above mentioned results, Saengjingamrotang and Saenfjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis have the effect of decreased blood sugar, serum lipid levels and urine volume, protein, glucose in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats, and so they were expected to be appled to the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 1990

In order to evaluate the adaptability of Aardi goats to arid environment, 5 Aardi bucks were deprived of water for four days during spring and summer seasons. The rise in average maximum ambient temperature from $24.8^{\circ}C$ in spring to $35.8^{\circ}C$ in summer caused a significant rise in rectal temperature ($0.3^{\circ}C$), respiratory rate (62%), serum osmolaity (8%) and serum sodium concentration (17%). While, it resulted in a significant decline in dry matter intake (50%), urine volume (74%) and fecal water excretion (60%) compared with their values in spring, but had no significant effect on the volume of drinking water. At the end of the 4-days deprivation period during spring, respiratory rate, dry matter intake and urine volume were reduced by 18, 77 and 91% relative to their average in control goats. The corresponding reduction in summer were 58, 100 and 100%. Serum osmolaity was risen by 15% in spring deprived goats and 29% in summer deprived goats. Rectal temperature rose by a mean value of $1.3^{\circ}C$ only in goats deprived of water in summer. Percent of moisture in the feces declined from 64 in control goats, to 24% in water deprived goats during spring season. The corresponding values in summer were 25 and 6%. These responses of Aardi goats deprived of water in summer indicate that they possess a water economy mechanism enable them to tolerate infrequent drinking in hot-arid environment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.597-608
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• 1994

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the environmental exposure and biological monitoring among workers exposed to metallic mercury We interviewed each workers to get the medical history including previous hazardous occupational history. We measured the respiration rate and tidal volume of each worker in order to calculate the 8-hour inhaled mercury of workers. And we wafted to evaluate the effect of exposure duration to mercury concentrations in blood and urine as biologic exposure indices of metallic mercury. The regression and correlation analysis were done to the relationships of 8-hour inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine. The results were as follows; 1. The subjects were 35 fluorescent lamp manufacturing workers. The mean age of subjects was .24.8 years old, and the mean work careers of workers was 1.19 years. 89% of the total was consisted man. 2. The correlation coefficients between 8-hour inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine were higher than that of only considered air mercury concentration. 3. The correlation coefficients of 8-hour inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine were above 0.9 in workers who had exposed to mercury more than 1 year 4. The R-square value and -value of regression analysis between the 8-hour inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine was also higher in workers who had exposed to mercury over 1 year than in workers who had less than 1 year working experience. The important results of this study were that relationships between the 8hr-inhaled mercury and mercury in blood and urine was very high than that with air mercury concentration only. And the results were very apparent when considering workers 1 year or more. Therefore we concluded that the work career and respiratory volume of each individuals should be considered in evaluation the, results of biological monitoring of workers exposed to metallic mercury.