• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1930-1939
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct metabolic profiling of dairy cattle serum and urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy and to compare the results obtained with those of other dairy cattle herds worldwide so as to provide a basic dataset to facilitate research on metabolites in serum and urine. Methods: Six dairy cattle were used in this study; all animals were fed the same diet, which was composed of total mixed ration; the fed amounts were based on voluntary intake. Blood from the jugular neck vein of each steer was collected at the same time using a separate serum tube. Urine samples were collected by hand sweeping the perineum. The metabolites were determined by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by performing principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: The total number of metabolites in the serum and urine was measured to be 115 and 193, respectively, of which 47 and 81, respectively were quantified. Lactate (classified as an organic acid) and urea (classified as an aliphatic acylic compound) exhibited the highest concentrations in serum and urine, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with diseases such as ketosis, bovine respiratory disease, and metritis, and metabolites associated with heat stress were also found in the serum and urine samples. Conclusion: The metabolites measured in the serum and urine could potentially be used to detect diseases and heat stress in dairy cattle. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the serum and urine of ruminants in Korea.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 1991

For the analysis of mercury in blood and urine, many literatures have been reffered and many kinds of reducing agents for mercury reduction and many acids for pretreatmr are known to be varied. $So HNO_{3}$ and $H_{2}SO_{4}$ among acids and $SnCl_{2}$ and $NaBH_{4}$ as a reducing agent being chosen for the establishment of more efficient and less erroneous analysis, and comparing the absorbance by using vapor generator, the results are followings. 1. The difference of absorbance from concentration of $HNO_{3}$ and $H_{2} SO_{4}$ was not nearly found when mercury reduced by $NaBH_{4}$ after pretreatment. But for more precise analysis, conc acid treatment need to be used. 2. Higher absorbance was shown by using conto acid treatment (P<0.005) when mercury reduced by $NaBH_{4}$ after treating acid primer. And sample which has 99.5% reliability in T-test, treated by conc $H_{2}SO_{4}$(P<0.005) was shown higher absorbance than treat by CORC $HNO_{3}$. 3. The difference of absorbance was not in the slightest in higher 0.1 w/v% $NaBH_{4}$ proved by uruskal-wallis H-Test 4. Some difference of absorbance in $SnCl_{2}$(P<0.005) having 99.5% reliability was found but there was no difference in these 20 w/v% , 25 w/v% and 30 w/v% SnCl$_{2}$ by the experiment of T-test. 5. According to these test results, organic materials were much affect the absorballce when reducing mercury by using $SnCl_{2}$ rather than by $NaBH_{4}$. For bio sample which is contained various organic substances, reduclng agent $NaBH_{4}$ is a lot more efficient to reduce the error then $SnCl_{2}$. 6. analytic method for this study is as following. 7. As the recovery test was done by this, the rate of recovery was shown form 94% to 100.7% .

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

목적: 유기산 대사이상 질환은 신경학적 증상과 증후를 포함하여 다양한 임상증상으로 나타날 수 있으며 때로는 생명을 위협할 수 있는 급성 악화로 발현될 수 있다. 따라서 이환된 환자들의 예후는 조기 진단과 치료에 의해 좌우된다. 탠덤매스검사의 도입 후 본원에 의뢰된 검체들을 분석하여 유기산 대사이상 질환의 진단율의 변화 및 연령별 분포와 임상양상을 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 2007년 1월부터 2015년 9월까지 약 8년 9개월간 전국에 있는 대학병원에서 의뢰된 2,794례의 검체들을 이용하여 소변 유기산검사를 실시하였고 임상증상과 성별 및 연령군별 분포를 분석하여 정리하였다. 불확실한 결과를 보였던 환자들은 24시간 이상의 고단백 식사 후와 24시간 이상의 단백질 제한식사 후에 소변 유기산 분석을 재시행 하였다. 결과: 총 20가지 질환, 626례의 환자들이 진단되었는데, 사립체 질환이 482례로 가장 많이 진단되었고 그 뒤를 이어 케톤분해이상질환군 67례, 3-히드록시이소부티르산뇨증 32례, EPEMA 증후군 8례, 3-메틸크로토닐 글리신뇨증 7례, 글루타르산뇨증 II형 6례와 I형 4례, 메틸말론산뇨증, 이소발레린산뇨증, 중쇄 acyl-CoA 탈수소효소 결핍증이 각 3례 등이 진단되었다. 결론: 탠덤매스를 이용한 신생아 선별검사가 점차 보편화되고 의료환경의 변화로 인해, 이전의 보고와 비교했을 때 본 연구 기간동안의 유기산 대사이상 질환의 진단율은 다소 감소하였다. 유기산 대사이상 질환들은 다양한 증상들이 나타나고 종종 생명을 위협하는 상태로 발현되는 경우가 많다. 조기 진단과 처치를 통해 이런 급성 악화의 발현을 예방할 수 있기 때문에 진료현장에서 비특이적인 증상 및 신경학적 장애를 보이는 환자를 진료할 때 주의가 필요하다고 할 수 있겠다.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2000

1995년부터 실시해 온 산업보건 분야의 '유해물질 및 대사물 분석의 실험실간 정도관리 프로그램'(공식명: 특수건강진단기관 분석정도관리)의 5년간 실시 경과와 결과를 보고하고, 고찰을 통하여 우리나라 산업보건분야 실험실 서비스의 질관리를 위한 앞으로의 방향 등을 제시하고자 한다. 산업현장에서 많이 쓰이는 4가지 혈중 중금속과 5가지 유기용제 대사물에 대하여 연구원에서 제조된 표준시료를 분배하고 결과 분석값과 크로마토그람 등 관련 자료들을 분석하여 참가기관에 대한 분석능력 평가를 실시하였다. 연 2회 실시된 정도관리 결과는 인터넷 등을 통하여 고시하여 산업보건 관련 실험실들의 자율적인 질관리 서비스 경쟁을 유도하고, 관련 실험실 서비스의 사용자인 근로자, 사업주, 산업보건 관련자들의 알 권리를 충족시켜, 실험실의 분석데이타에 대한 객관적인 신뢰도를 확보하고 산업보건 서비스의 질 향상에 크게 기여하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2024

Background: There are concerns about the health effects of various environmental pollution exposures among residents living near coal-fired power plants (CFPP). Objectives: This study attempted to compare the concentrations of heavy metals in blood and urine and those of urinary volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites according to the residential separation distance. Methods: Participants in the study totaled 334 people who have lived for more than 10 years in areas within 10 km of a CFPP. The separation distance was analyzed in quartiles by dividing it into Q1 (88 people), Q2 (89 people), Q3 (89 people), and Q4 (68 people). We explained the purpose of this study to the participants and collected blood and urine after obtaining signatures on a participation agreement. Results: The study participants were 102 males (30.5%) and 232 females (69.5%), with an average age of 71. The average length of residence and distance were 43.8 years and 4,800 meters. The geometric mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Hg in blood and As and Cd in urine were respective 1.35 ㎍/dL, 1.43 ㎍/L, 3.16 ㎍/L. They were 167.88 ㎍/g for creatinine and 1.58 ㎍/g creatinine. The metabolite concentrations of VOCs were 50.67 ㎍/g creatinine in t, t-muconic acid (t, t-MA), 10.73 ㎍/g creatinine in benzyl mercapturic acid, 317.05 ㎍/g creatinine in phenylglyoxylic acid, 123.55 ㎍/g creatinine in methylhippuric acid, and 190.82 ㎍/g creatinine in mandelic acid. The concentration of Pb in the blood and Cd and t, t-MA in the urine of residents within affected area of the CFPP showed statistically significant differences among distance groups. Conclusions: The concentration of urinary VOCs metabolites, especially t, t-MA, differed according to the distance groups of residents within the affected area of CFPP (p<0.05).

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2011

The 21 livestock farms considering future installation of biogas systems were studied. These farms were examined how to raise the livestock, to treat manure, to operate facility with respect to manure characteristics. The 15 farms out of 21 farms have applied to the marine dumping and consignment treatment for treating manure and even farms which have equipped liquid fertilizing system have less capacity facility than legal standards. Characteristics of manure were affected by the scale of swine barn, clean water usage, frequency of cleaning, cleaning method, feces-urine separating method, etc. Retention time in storage (over 20 days) has resulted in lower concentration of organic matter which could reduce biogas production. This indicates that systematic barn management system is required. Inhibition tests showed that disinfectant and citric acid did not affected digestion rates at 10 times higher concentration than recommendation. However hypochlorous acid is likely to affect the anaerobic microbial activity.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 trimethylsilyl (TMS) 및 trifluoroacetyl (TFA)유도체화를 이용하여 소변여지에서 대사이상 질환을 신속하게 스크리닝하는 GC/MS 분석법을 개발하였다. 유기산과 아미노산을 동시에 유도체화하기 위해 메틸오렌지를 지시약으로 하여 $60^{\circ}C-70^{\circ}C$에서 15-20 분간 카르복실기는 TMS로 아미노기는 TFA로 유도체한 후 GC/MS-SIM으로 분석하였다. 유기산과 아미노산의 직선성의 범위는 0.001-50 mg이었고, 소변에서의 검출한계는 10-200 ng, 정량한계는 80-900 ng 이었다. 직선성을 보이는 범위에서의 상관계수(R2)는 0.994-0.998이었고, 회수율은 methylcitric acid와 glycine을 제외하고 80-100%를 보였다. 이 방법은 기존의 유기산분석에는 GC/MS를 아미노산 분석에는 아미노산분석기를 사용하는 것과 비교할 때 GC/MS만 사용하여 동시에 유기산과 아미노산을 분석함으로써 전처리가 간단하고 짧은 분석시간과 우수한 감도, 정확도, 정밀도를 보여 주었다. 정상인과 대사이상질환 환자의 검체에 적용해 보았을 때, 본 분석방법은 유기산과 아미노산대사이상의 유전성대사질환 환자의 스크리닝, 진단 및 모니터링에 임상적으로 유용함을 보여주었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1130-1142
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• 2023

Objective: Cow urine possesses several bioactive properties but the responsible components behind these bioactivities are still far from identified. In our study, we tried to identify the possible components behind the antimicrobial activity of cow urine by exploring the peptidome and metabolome. Methods: We extracted peptides from the urine of Sahiwal cows belonging to three different physiological states viz heifer, lactation, and pregnant, each group consisting of 10 different animals. The peptides were extracted using the solid phase extraction technique followed by further extraction using ethyl acetate. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was evaluated against different pathogenic strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The safety of urinary aqueous extract was evaluated by hemolysis and cytotoxicity assay on the BuMEC cell line. The urinary peptides were further fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the fraction(s) containing the antimicrobial activity. The HPLC fractions and ethyl acetate extract were analyzed using nLC-MS/MS for the identification of the peptides and metabolites. Results: A total of three fractions were identified with antimicrobial activity, and nLC-MS/MS analysis of fractions resulted in the identification of 511 sequences. While 46 compounds were identified in the metabolite profiling of organic extract. The urinary aqueous extract showed significant activity against E. coli as compared to S. aureus and S. agalactiae and was relatively safe against mammalian cells. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of cow urine is a consequence of the feeding habit. The metabolites of plant origin with several bioactivities are eliminated through urine and are responsible for their antimicrobial nature. Secondly, the plethora of peptides generated from the activity of endogenous proteases on protein shed from different parts of tissues also find their way to urine. Some of these sequences possess antimicrobial activity due to their amino acid composition.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-40
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• 1999

The analysis of thiodiglycolic acid in urine has been used as an index of biological exposure to vinyl chloride. Unfortunately thiodiglycolic acid has a strong hydrophilic character, because it has two carboxylic groups, so that it can only be extracted with organic solvent with a great difficulty. Underivatized thiodiglycolic acid tends to tail because of non-specific interaction with the inert support. Therefore, esterification is the obvious first choice for derivatization of thiodiglycolic acid, particularly for gas chromatography. In this study, the focus of interest is to compare two method of esterifications (methylation and silylation). Methylation is to make the methyl ester of thiodiglycolic acid by reaction with diazomethane. Silylation is to make the trimethylsilyl ester of thiodiglycolic acid by reaction with N-trimethylsily-ldiethylamine. The results and conclusions are as the following: 1. The detection limit (sensitivity) of methylated thiodiglycolic acid was $5.00{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and silylated thiodiglycolic acid was $3.07{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. 2. The optimal liquid-liquid extraction of thiodiglycolic acid was as following: To each of the tubes, $15m{\ell}$ of urine, concentrated sulfuric acid (pH 1 - 2) and 5 gsodium sulfate were added. The samples was extracted three times with $5m{\ell}$ ethylacetate each time. 3. The methylated thiodiglycolic acid was more stable than silylated thiodiglycolic acid in extractional solvent which contained humidity. 4. The precision (pooled coefficient of variation for 4 days) of the analysis was 0.07324 in methylated thiodiglycolic acid with external standard calibration, and 0.07033 in methylated thiodiglycolic acid with internal standard calibration. 5. The precision (pooled coefficient of variation for 4 days) of the analysis was 0.10914 in silylated thiodiglycolic acid with external standard calibration, and 0.13602 in silylated thiodiglycolic acid with internal standard calibration. From the above results, the analysis of methylated thiodiglycolic acid was more sensitive (limit of detection) than silylated thiodiglycolic acid by gas chromatography. However, the methylated thiodiglycolic acid was stable in the humidity and was separated sharply on chromatogram. Also, analysis of methylated thiodiglycolic acid was more precise (pooled coefficient of variation for 4 days) than silylated thiodiglycolic acid. In conclusion, it is established that the analysis of methylated thiodiglycolic acid is appropriate for biological monitoring of exposure to vinyl chloride.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2012

목적: 발작은 소아기에 상당히 흔한 임상 증상으로 급성증상성발작은 대뇌의 구조적변화, 염증, 및 대사이상 등이 원인이 될 수 있다. 대사이상을 일으킬 수 있는 대사장애 질환들로는 유기산대사이상질환군, 리소솜축적질환군, 퍼옥시솜대사이상질환군, 미량원소의 이상질환군 등이 있다. 저자들은 발작을 일으키는 유기산대사이상 질환들의 중요성을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 2007년 1월1일부터 2011년 12월 31일까지 만 5년 동안 유기산분석이 의뢰되었던 1,306명의 환자를 2개월까지의 신생아기, 2세까지의 영아기, 12세까지의 소아기 및 12세 이후의 청소년기이후의 4군으로 나누고, 발작의 형태는 전신발작, 국소발작 및 복합발작으로 나눴으며, 발달지연의 유무에 따라 SPSS의 student's t test를 이용하여 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 전체적으로 1,306명의 환자에서 유기산분석에서 비정상소견을 보인 경우가 665명(51%)이었으며, MRCD가 394명(30.1%), mandelic aciduria가 127명(9.7%), 케톤분해이상이 81명(6.2%), 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria가 19명(1.4%), glutaric aciduria type II가 10명(0.8%) 이었고 뒤를 이어 ethylmalonic aciduria 4명, propionic aciduria 4명이었으며, 3명의 환자가 진단된 질환들이 methylmalonic aciduria, glutaric aciduria type I, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency 등이 있었으며, 2례씩 진단된 질환들이 isovaleric aciduria, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria, fatty acid oxidation disorders 등이 있었고, 1례씩 진단된 질환들로 fumaric aciduria, citrullinemia, CPS deficiency, MCAD deficiency 등이 있었다. 결론: 신생아기에는 감염으로 인한 mandelic aciduriad의 빈도가 의미 있게 높았고, 전연령군에서 MRCD의 중요성이 큰 것으로 파악되었다. 신생아기이후에도 다양한 유기산대사이상들의 진단이 되고 있어 기본검사의 중요성이 높았으며, 증상이 있을 때의 초기검체를 이용한 검사가 중요하다고 판단되었다.