• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2022

A 10-year-old, spayed female miniature schnauzer was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University due to evaluation of sudden polyuria (PU) and, polydipsia (PD) (540 mL/kg/day) with severe anemia and weight loss. Blood examination results were normal except for severe anemia (hematocrit, [HCT]: 11.8%). Urinalysis revealed a urine specific gravity (USG) of 1.003, whereas urine sediment was not specific. Urine osmolality was 90 mOsm (reference range: 800~2500 mOsm), and plasma osmolality was 303 mOsm. No specific lesions were found using diagnostic imaging including radiography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The serum cortisol level was normal in cosyntropin stimulation test. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration was <0.4 pg/mL (reference range: 3.49~5.45 pg/mL). Blood transfusion was initiated in addition to an oral prescription of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP, 0.1 mg/head) thrice a day for one week. The patient was rechecked for clinical signs, urine osmolality, and USG; the clinical signs of PU/PD were resolved, urine osmolality increased to 1106 mOsm, and, USG increased to 1.021. Considering the improved clinical signs, and increased urine osmolality, and USG after DDAVP treatment, the dog was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus. USG and urine osmolality increased to >1.030 and 2200 mOsm, respectively. Anemia also gradually improved and HCT increased to >37%. DDAVP was tapered to 0.1 mg/head twice a day and all clinical signs in the patient have completely resolved.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.385-394
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• 2023

Objectives: Firefighters could be exposed to a range of toxic chemicals during firefighting. When tyre burns, various toxic chemicals including volatile organic compounds(VOCs) could be emitted. In this study, the researchers assessed the VOC exposure of firefighters during tyre fire suppression through biomonitoring. Methods: There was a big tyre fire on 12 March 2023. Of the responding firefighters, we recruited 14 participants to collect their urine after firefighting. One week later, researchers collected firefighters' urine again right after their off-duty period. We analyzed each metabolite of benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene in urine and compared their exposure level based on sampling time. Results: The detection rate for metabolite of benzene, toluene, styrene, and xylene in urine sampled at each time was 43%-64%, 100%, 86%-100%, and 100%, respectively. Except for the benzene, metabolite levels measured in urine after firefighting were similar to that from off-duty period. However, the median concentration of benzene metabolite in urine sampled after firefighting was three times higher compared to that from off-duty period(34.2 ㎍/g crea. and 10.9 ㎍/g crea., respectively.) The estimated airborne concentration of benzene calculated from metabolite level in urine was 0.16 ppm, which exceeded the recommended exposure level set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Conclusions: This study shows that firefighters could be exposed to the high level of VOCs including benzene during their firefighting especially at tyre fire. These results could be used as a valuable data to prove firefighters' exposure to hazardous chemicals during their duty.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2014

초지 또는 농경지에 살포되는 퇴비와 액비에 의해 발생될 수 있는 악취민원에 대처하기 위하여, 돼지의 분과 뇨에 존재하는 악취물질 농도를 비교 분석하였다. 1. 비육돈의 분과 뇨에 함유된 휘발성유기물의 농도 비교 페놀, p-크레졸 및 페놀류 농도는 분 보다 뇨에서 높았으며 (p<0.05), 분 보다 뇨에 축적된 비율이 페놀은 138배, p-크레졸은 545배 높았다. 인돌 농도는 분 보다 뇨에서 높았으며, 스카톨은 뇨 보다 분에서 높았다 (p<0.05). 휘발성유기물은 대부분 뇨로 배설되었으며, 이 중 농도 및 악취강도가 가장 높은 물질인 p-크레졸이 뇨에 많이 함유되어 있다. 돼지 분뇨를 고액분리 하였을 때 퇴비로 이용되는 고체보다 액비로 이용되는 액상물질에서 악취가 훨씬 강할 것으로 예측된다. 2. 비육돈의 분과 뇨에 함유된 휘발성지방산의 농도 비교 아세트산과 단쇄지방산 농도는 분 보다 뇨에서 높았으며 (p<0.05), 부티르산과 프로피온산은 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). 이성체지방산 중 I-부티르산의 농도는 뇨 보다 분에서 높았지만 (p<0.05), I-발레르산과 이성체지방산은 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). 휘발성지방산 중에서 아세트산과 프로피온산은 분에서 각각 65와 20%, 뇨에서는 각각 93과 4%로 휘발성지방산의 대부분을 차지하였지만 아세트산과 프로피온산을 포함하는 단쇄지방산은 악취강도가 낮다. 반면에 악취강도가 상대적으로 높은 이성체지방산은 분과 뇨 간에 차이가 없기 때문에 휘발성지방산이 악취강도에 미치는 영향은 크지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하면, 돼지 분뇨의 악취물질 중 악취강도가 높은 p-크레졸은 뇨에 많이 함유되어 있기 때문에 퇴비와 액비 생산과정 중 액상처리 시 악취강도가 매우 높을 것으로 추정된다. 다만, 악취강도는 휘발성지방산의 농도 변화에 따라 차이가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5519-5525
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• 2013

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Thai women after breast cancer. Currently, the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is the recommended procedure for cervical cancer screening in Thailand, but only a relatively small percentage of women follow this screening program. An alternative method to detect HPV genotypes associated with cervical cancer is self-sampling of urine, which is a more widely accepted method. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV in Thai women using urine and cervical swabs and prevalence of HPV in Thai men using urine samples. Materials and Methods: Tumorigenic HPV detection was accomplished by electrochemical DNA chip and PCR/direct sequencing. In addition to HPV prevalence, we report the concordance between different methods and sample types. One-hundred and sixteen women and 100 men were recruited. Histological examination revealed normal cytology in 52 women, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in 9, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in 24, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in 31. One-hundred men were classified as heterosexuals (n=45) and homosexuals (n=55). Results: The most prevalent HPV genotype in our study was HPV16. The HPV detection rate was generally lower in urine samples compared with cervical samples. Overall, there was good agreement for the detection of carcinogenic HPV from female cervical samples between the DNA chip and PCR/sequencing, with 88.8% total agreement and a kappa value of 0.76. In male urine samples, the level of agreement was higher in heterosexuals compared with homosexuals. Conclusions: Further improvement is required to increase an overall yield of HPV DNA detection in urine samples before clinical application of a urine-based HPV screening program. The electrochemical DNA chip test is a promising technique for carcinogenic HPV detection.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.99-116
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• 1988

This study examined the effect of Health Education on the aged. One of the Study objectives was to improve knowledge. attitude and self-care practice about diabetes of the aged who have responded positive in the urine sugar test. The other study objective was to find out factors influencing knowledge. attitude and self-care practice about diabetes. and the relationship among the three variables. The subjects, consisting of 45 positive responders in the urine sugar test, were selected from the elderly who attend elderly citizen center in southern part of Seoul Then they were divided into an experimental and a control group. The study design was set to compare the pre and post test data between the experimental and the control group with the measures of results from Health Education services including nursing care intervention programs on the aged diabetics. The first data collection was carried out in August. 1986 through questionaires and urine sugar testing. The second data collection was done in September, 1987 through the same methods. The results of the study are summarized as follows; 1. General characteristics of the subjects The experimental group has 9 females and 14 males and the control group has 12 females and 10 males. As for the educational level, more than half of the subjects in both group had completed at least 6 years of education. And there was no significant difference in urine sugar levels between the two groups. 2. The effect of Health Education on the extent of change in knowledge, attitude and self-care practice about diabetes was found to be significant. The first hypothesis that knowledge, attitude and self-care practice about diabetes in the aged will be unchanged by Health Education. was rejected by increased the three variables and decreased urine suger level in the experimental group. The second hypothesis that knowledge, attitude and self-care practice about diabetes wouldn't be concerned with each other, was rejected. That is. the three variables and urine sugar levels showed a significant positive relationship with each other but diabetic knowledge to urine sugar level had an insignificant positive relationship. The third hypothesis that the amount of learning Health Education will have no relationships with knowledge. attitude and self-care practice about diabetes. was rejected. That is, the more number of times an elderly person participated in Health Education. they increased their diabetic knowledge. attitude and self-care practice and decreased their urine sugar level. 3. Except for Health Education, an other factor influencing diabetic knowledge was educational level. And an other factor influencing the diabetic attitude was experience of the diagnosis of diabetes. 4. Except for Health Education. the other factors influencing self-care practice were experience of the diagnasis of diabetes, sex and experience of the hospitalization for diabetes. But factors influencing urine sugar level weren't found. Although the results seem to be plausible, this study is not without its problems. In paticular, the sample used is limited in its scope and size. So, more empirical work needs to be done for other diseases as well as diabetes before any general conclusions are to be made.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 1991

최근 널리 사용되고 있는 제조회사가 다른 두가지 요시험지봉(Combur-9-test$^{(R)}$ RL & Multistix$^{(R)}$-SG)으로 요검사를 실시하면, 그 결과치의 표현에 있어 차이가 있으므로, 결과치 판정시 질병의 진단이나 치료의 효과 판정 및 경과관찰에 있어서 발생할 수 있는 혼란을 줄이고자, 환자검체와 표준검체에서 실시한 요시험지봉 검사결과를 비교 검토하여 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 또한 두 시험지봉검사에 결과를 교환함에 있어 상응하는 결과치도 조사하였다. Combur-9-test RL 및 Multistix-SG를 이용하여, 1990년 12월 16일 부터 15일간 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 임상병리과에 요검사가 의뢰된 501명의 환자검체를 대상으로 하여 요시험지봉으로 화학적검사를 반정량적으로 시행한 결과 대체로 ${\pm}1$등급 범위내에서 일치하였다. Combur-9-test RL을 이용한 leukocyte esterase 검사와 요침사검사간의 비교에서 현미경적 농뇨와의 일치율은 83.7%, 민감도 48.1%, 특이도 90.3%, 양성예측율 47.4% 및 음성예측율 90.5%로 나타났다. Combur-9-test RL을 사용한 nitrite검사와 요배양검사간의 비교에서 요배양 양성과의 일치율은 93.0%, 민감도 19.4%, 특이도 84.7%, 양성예측율 53.8% 및 음성예측율 94.1%로 나타났다. 단백의 주 성분이 알부민 및 글로부린인 검체에서 실시한 요단백검사에서는 양자 모두에서 sulfosalicylic acid 법이 가장 민감하였고, 다음은 Multistix-SG, Combur-9-test RL의 순이었다. 요빌리루빈 및 요당검사에서는 두시험지봉이 비슷한 민감도를 나타내었다. 요중 백혈구검사에서는 요침사검사가, 요중 잠혈검사에서는 Combur-9-test RL이 가장 민감하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2003

요(urine) 시료 중의 칼륨 이론을 전위차법으로 분석하기 위한 전처리 방법을 개발하기 위하여 초음파의 분해 효과를 이용하였다. $NH_4{^+}$의 농도가 상대적으로 높은 요 시료 속에서 첨가한 $K^+$에 대한 검정 곡선을 구하기 위하여 $NH_4{^+}$에 대한 $K^+$의 선택성이 좋은 N-(4'-benzo-15-crown-5)-anthracene-9-imine을 이온선택성 전극 물질로 사용하였다. 1.0M $HNO_3$으로 산성화시킨 요 시료를 초음파로 100 s 동안 전처리시키려면 요 중의 단백질을 85.1%까지 제거시킬 수 있었다. 이렇게 전처리된 시료에서 얻은 막전극의 감응 전위에 대한 기울기는 log [$K^+$]=-5~-1의 직선범위(r=0.9997)에서 54.6(${\pm}0.2,\;n=5$) mV/decade였다. $HNO_3$으로 초음파처리한 요 시료에 산화제인 $H_2O_2$를 첨가하면 $HNO_3$만으로 전처리시켰을 때보다 단백질 제거율이 10% 증가하여 최대 95%까지 제거되었다. 요 시료에 첨가한 $K^+$에 대한 감응 전위의 기울기 또한 56.7(${\pm}0.1,\;n=3$) mV/dacade로 증가하였다. 검정 곡선을 연속적으로 얻었을 때, 막전극 표면을 초음파로 세척하여 20회까지 안정한 감응 기울기를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 결과들로부터 초음파를 이용한 전처리법은 간단하고, 짧은 시간 내에 요 중의 단백질을 약 95%까지 제거시켜서 막전극의 감응 특성을 증진시킨 방법이었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2023

인체 소변은 혈액 내의 노폐물을 배출하는 과정으로 채취가 쉽고 다양한 물질들이 포함되어 있습니다. 요검사는 이를 통해 질병, 건강상태, 요로 감염 여부 등을 확인하는 용도로 사용됩니다. 요검사에는 물리적 성상 검사, 화학적 검사, 현미경 검사의 세 가지 방법이 있으며, 화학적 검사는 요검사지를 사용하여 쉽게 결과를 확인할 수 있다. 요검사지에는 다양한 항목들을 검사할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 다양한 질병들을 확인할 수 있다. 최근 스마트폰의 보급으로 스마트폰을 이용한 요검사지 판독 연구가 진행되고 있다. 스마트폰을 이용하여 요검사지의 색 변화를 감지하고 판독하는 방법이 있다. 이러한 방법은 RGB값과 색 차이 공식을 사용하여 판별한다. 그러나 다양한 환경 요인으로 인해 정확도가 떨어지는 문제가 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 딥러닝 모델을 적용한다. 특히, 경량화된 CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks) 모델을 사용하여 스마트폰 내에서 요검사지의 색 판별을 개선한다. CNN은 이미지 인식과 패턴 찾기에 유용한 모델로, 경량화된 버전도 사용 가능하다. 이를 통해 스마트폰에서 딥러닝 모델을 운영하고 정확한 요검사지 결과를 추출할 수 있다. 요검사지는 다양한 환경에서 촬영하여 딥러닝 모델 학습 이미지를 준비 하였으며 MobileNet V3을 사용하여 요검사 서비스 어플리케이션을 설계하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.274-277
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• 1999

A study has been conducted to investigate the radioprotective effects of purslane extracts (P) when i.p. injected before irradiation (R). For studying the amino acid composition, three groups of ICR mice (7-week-old) were tested. The first group i.p. injected with purslane extract for 5 days were irradiated with 6 Gy of ${\gamma}$-radiation (P+R). The second group was irradiate with 6 Gy without any pretreatment (R). The third group was non-irradiated control (CT). Each group divided into two groups for the survival rate study, one injected with saline (S) and the other injected with purslane extract (P) for five days and then irradiated with 8 Gy. The amino acid composition of urine samples were analyzed with HPLC for 19 days after irradiation. A few kinds of amino acids such as lysine and methionine in urine from P+R group increased in comparison with those from CT or R group. The survival rate of P group maintained much higher than that of S group during experimental period. The results obtained may support that this plant has radioprotective substances by means of life-lengthening, not of urine amino acid components.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 1996

Ketosis can exist in both clinicla and subclinical forms. Detection of the subclinical form of ketosis by the use of a nitroprusside based test powder gas been shown to be a relatively simple and reliable procedure. Howere, very liffle is known about the indcidence or prevalence of the subclinical ketosis in Korea. In the present study, samples of urine taken from 288 dairy cows in Chonnam area were examined to demonstrate the presence of ketone bodies, using ross test. All the cows were within 4 weeks either before or after parturition. The gerd size was from 10 to more than 100 cows, and the cows did not show any clinical signs of ketosis. Of the 288 cows, 85 (29.5%) were positive to Ross test; of the positive cases 42.4% were +, 44.7% were ++, and the remaining 12.9% were +++. The prevalence increased from 3rd parity, peaked at 6th parity and thereafter decreased. The prevalence was higher after parturition than before parturition, with the highest occurrence during the 2nd week after calving. The prevalence was higher during winter. Also cows kept indoor throughout the year showed higher occurrence of the subclinical ketosis. The subclinical ketosis did not affect the specific gravity of the urine; however, increasing amount of ketone bodies in the urine decreased the pH of urine.