• Title/Summary/Keyword: Urinary Tract

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Human Papillomavirus Burden in Different Cancers in Iran: a Systematic Assessment

  • Jalilvand, Somayeh;Shoja, Zabihollah;Hamkar, Rasool
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.17
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    • pp.7029-7035
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    • 2014
  • Certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are undoubtedly involved in genesis of human malignancies. HPV plays an etiological role in cervical cancer, but also in many vaginal, vulvar, anal and penile cancers, as well as head and neck cancers. In addition, a number of non-malignant diseases such as genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis are attributable to HPV. Moreover, HPV forms have detected in several other cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung, prostate, ovarian, breast, skin, colorectal and urinary tract cancers, but associations with etiology in these cases is controversial. The aim of this systematic assessment was to estimate the prevalence of HPV infection and HPV types in HPV-associated cancers, HPV-related non-malignant diseases and in cancers that may be associated with HPV in Iran. The present investiagtion covered 61 studies on a variety of cancers in Iranian populations. HPV prevalence was 77.5 % and 32.4% in cervical cancer and head and neck cancers, respectively. HPV was detected in 23.1%, 22.2%, 10.4%, 30.9%, 14% and 25.2% of esophageal squamous cell, lung, prostate, urinary tract cancers, breast and skin cancers, respectively. HPV16 and 18 were the most frequent HPV types in all cancers. The findings of present study imply that current HPV vaccines for cervical cancer may decrease the burden of other cancers if they are really related to HPV.

Implementation of Uroflow and Urophonography Analysis System for LUTS Diagnosis (하부요로증상 진단을 위한 요속 및 요류음 분석 시스템 구현)

  • Jeon, Gye-Rok;Jeong, Do-Un
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.302-309
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    • 2010
  • The present study proposed a method of measuring uroflow and urophonography at the same time for more accurate diagnosis in case uroflow looks normal due to compensatory function hypertrophy in the expression of early obstruction. In case of early obstruction, there happens turbulent uroflow by the obstruction even if the uroflow looks normal and thus obstruction can be detected by measuring and analyzing signal caused by turbulent flow. We implemented a system that can measure both uroflow and urophonography, and evaluated its performance. In the experiment, we observed changes in uroflow and urophonography according to artificial pressure and the degree of obstruction, and confirmed that it is possible to determine the effect of compensatory function hypertrophy by analyzing urophonographyic parameter under the same uroflow. The results of our experiment show that the effect of compensatory function hypertrophy in the early-stage obstruction of lower urinary tract, which is not detectible with uroflowmetry alone, can be assessed through urophonographic analysis.

A Study of Anticarcinogenic Effects of Allyl methyl Trisulfide and Methyl Propyl Disulfide on F344 Rats in a Rat Multi-organ Carcinogenesis Model (F344랫트를 이용한 다장기 발암모델에 나타난 Allyl Methyl Trisulfide와 Methyl Propyl Disulfide의 항발암효과)

  • Son, Hwa-Young;Kang, Boo-Hyon;Ha, Chang-Su;Roh, Jung-Koo
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.107-118
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    • 1997
  • The anticarcinogenic effects of allyl methyl trisulfide(AMT) and methyl propyl disulfide(MPD) were studied in a 28 weeks rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. Tumor incidence rate was decreased by AMT or MPD treatment comparing with the positive control. AMT treatment significantly decreased the incidence of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions in the kidney thyroid gland urinary bladder alimentary tract lung and Zymbal's gland. MPD also inhibited incidence of noplastic and preneoplastic lesions in the liver kidney urinary bladder alimentary tract lung and Zymbal's gland but increased that in the thyroid gland. GST-p positive foci in the liver were slightly decreased by AMT or MPD. There was no significant histopathological lesions in AMT or MPD treated group without pretreatment of carcinogens.

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Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma with Ureteric Involvement in a Jindo Dog

  • Cho, Hee-Soo;Cheong, Jong-Tae;Park, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Jae-Hoon;Jung, Ji-Youl;Yun, Youngmin;Song, Woo-Jin
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.249-253
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    • 2021
  • We describe the case of a Jindo dog that presented with a 2-month history of an abscess-like mass on the skin of the left hip. The patient was initially diagnosed with a suspected insect bite and was treated with a topical dressing. After observing no improvements, surgical debridement was done to remove the abscess. Nine days after surgery, the patient started showing severe anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, and oliguria. Azotemia was detected, and the patient was diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Ultrasonography depicted an abdominal mass (4.6 × 7.5 cm) in the right ureter, and severe hydronephrosis in the right kidney. The patient was euthanatized. Results of the necropsy, histopathologic examination, and immunohistochemistry for tumor cells, confirmed that the patient had developed hydronephrosis and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma which had metastasized to the lungs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of acute renal failure produced by ureter invasion and urinary tract obstruction resulting from the abdominal mass of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in dogs.

Retrospective Evaluation of Risk Factors and Immunohistochemical Findings for Pre-Neoplastic and Neoplastic lesions of Upper Urinary Tract in Patients with Chronic Nephrolithiasis

  • Desai, Fanny Sharadkumar;Nongthombam, Jitendra;Singh, Lisam Shanjukumar
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.18
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    • pp.8293-8298
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    • 2016
  • Background: Urinary stones are known predisposing factors for upper urinary tract carcinoma (UUTC) which are commonly detected at advanced stage with poor outcome because of rarity and lack of specific criteria for early detection. Aims and objectives: The main aim was to evaluate the impact of age, gender andstone characteristics on risk of developing UUTC in patients with chronic nephrolithiasis. We also discuss the role of aberrant angiogenesis (AA) and immunohistochemical expression of p53, p16INK4a, CK20 and Ki-67 in diagnosis of pelvicalyceal neoplastic (NL) and pre-neoplastic lesions (PNL) in these patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of pelvicalyceal urothelial lesions from 88 nephrectomy specimens were carried out in a tertiary care centre from June 2012 to December 2014. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 37 selected cases. Computed image analysis was performed to analyse aberrant angiogenesis. Results: All UUTC (5.7%) and metaplastic lesions were found to be associated with stones. Some 60% were pure squamous cell carcinoma and 40% were transitional cell carcinoma. Odd ratios for developing NL and PNL lesions in presence of renal stone, impacted stones, multiple and large stag horn stones were 9.39 (95% CI 1.15-76.39, p value 0.05), 6.28 (95% CI 1.59-24.85, p value 0.000) and 7.4 (95% CI, 2.29-23.94, p value 0.001) respectively. When patient age was ${\geq}55$, the odds ratio for developing NL was 3.43 (95% CI 1.19-9.88, p value 0.019). IHC analysis showed that mean Ki-67 indices were $3.15{\pm}3.63%$ for non-neoplastic lesions, $10.0{\pm}9.45%$ for PNL and $28.0{\pm}18.4%$ for NL. Sensitivity and specificity of CK20, p53, p16INK4a, AA were 76% and 95.9%; 100% and 27.5%; 100% and 26.5%; 92.3 % and 78.8% respectively. Conclusions: Age ${\geq}55years$, large stag horn stones, multiple stones and impacted stones are found to be associated with increased risk of NL and PNL in UUT. For flat lesions, a panel of markers, Ki 67 index >10 and presence of aberrant angiogenesis were more useful than individual markers.

Study on Pathogenicity of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Isolated in Korea (국내에서 분리된 Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato의 병원성 연구)

  • Park, Kyung-Hee;Lim, Jung-A;Kim, Jong-Hyun;Park, Eui-U
    • The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.471-478
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    • 1999
  • Spirochetes were isolated from the midgut of Ixodes persulcatus ticks captured at Chungju, Korea and identified as Borrelia afzelii strains by polymerase chain reaction. To determine the pathogenicity of the B. afzelii strains isolated in Korea, the microbiological and pathological features of Lyme disease were observed in C3H/He mice after intraperitoneal inoculation of the fresh isolate of B. afzelii strain. The results are summarized as follows 1) The Borrelia were detected in the tissues of heart, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder and knee joint within 7 days after inoculation of infection by dark field microscopic examination. The isolation rate from heart, urinary bladder and joint was significantly higher than the rate from spleen, kidney, and blood samples. 2) The Borrelia was detected in heart muscle by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. 3) Antibody to the Borrelia was detected as early as one week after inoculation. 4) The marked tropism of the Borrelia was observed in myocardial, urinary tract and joint tissue. The main pathological features are inflammation in tissues of heart, kidney, joint and urinary bladder. From these results, the Borrelia afzelii strain isolated in Korea were determined as pathogenic strain.

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Urinary Cytologic Findings of Transitional Cell Carcinoma - Analysis of 83 Cases- (이행세포암종의 요 세포학적 소견 - 83예 분석 -)

  • Kim, Yeon-Mee;Cho, Hye-Je
    • The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.148-155
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    • 1995
  • Urinary cytology has become an essential element in the diagnosis and management of transitional ceil carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary tract. It has the advantage of being noninvasive, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Besides that it can even detect malignancy when unsuspected at cystoscopy. We report a retrospective review of urine cytology un the diagnosis of 83 TCC cases that underwent 295 cytologic evaluation. All patients had biopsy-proven TCC of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis, The overall incidence of the positive cytology cases was 66.2%. To define the cytologic features of tumor cells, we tried to use three cytologic gradings such as "grade 1", "grade 2", and "grade 3" according to the cytologic degree of anaplastic neoplastic cells. These cytologic gades of TCC were relatively well correlated with the histologic grade and tumor invasiveness. This result suggests that the recognition of characteristic cellular features of TCC can suspect the histologic grade and tumor stage. The false negative TCC cases were 78.9%. They showed severe inflammatory or bloody background and a few neoplastic cells. Therefore, a cautious approach for accurate interpretation, personal experience, and proper fixation and processing could expand the role of urinary cytology.

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Assignment of muscles in lower limb to meridians based on the location of acupoints and muscular function (경혈의 체표위치와 근육의 기능에 근거한 하지부 근육의 경락 배속)

  • Park, Byong-Mun;Yang, Ki-Young;Lee, Byung-Ryul;Yim, Yun-Kyoung
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.17-29
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of meridian system in oriental medicine and muscular system in western medicine. Methods : Muscles were assigned to meridians by their main functions and the acupoints on them. New mutual relationships between meridians in lower limb were studied based on the muscular function. Results : In gluteal & femoral region, iliopsoas & quadratus femoris are assigned to spleen & stomach meridians, gluteus maximus & hamstrings to urinary bladder & kidney meridians, adductor muscle groups to liver meridian, gluteus medius & minimus & iliotibial tract to gall bladder meridian. In crural region, anterior crural muscles are assigned to stomach meridian, lateral crural muscles to gall bladder meridian, suferficial posterior crural muscles to urinary bladder (& kidney) meridian, deep posterior crural muscles to liver, spleen, kidney meridians. In lower limb, urinary bladder meridian and stomach meridian lead the muscular functions and correspond to each other, while spleen meridian assists stomach meridian, and kidney meridian assists urinary bladder meridian. Conclusions : Muscles may be assigned to meridians by their functions and the acupoints on them. From the view of muscular function, Yang meridians lead Yin meridians in lower limb.

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Characteristics and Recurrence Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infection in Early Infancy (6개월 미만 영아 요로 감염의 특성과 재발의 위험 인자)

  • Kang Hee-Gyung;Kim Nam-Hee;Kang Ju-Hyung;Ha Il-Soo;Cheong Hae-Il;Choi Yong
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 2004
  • Purpose and Methods: Urinary tract infection(UTI) is one of the most important diseases of childhood, especially for young infants. To characterize the patients diagnosed with febrile UTI in their first 6 months of life and to explore the risk factors of recurrent UTI, a retrospective study was performed. Results: Among the 90 patients studied, 77 were boys(86%). First episodes of UTI were diagnosed at the age of $2.5{\pm}1.4$ months. These patients underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of urinary tract(n=90) and voiding cystourethrography(n=81) where 53 and 35 studies showed abnormal findings respectively, and a total of 45 cases of urinary tract anomaly including vesicoureteral reflux(VUR, n=35) were diagnosed. Normal findings on ultrasonography indicated decreased risk of VUR in boys of 1-3 months of age(n=30). 53 patients were followed up more than 6 months and 45 episodes of subsequent UTI developed in 29 patients during the first 6-month period. Patients with relapse were older than patients without relapse at the diagnosis of first UTI, but other clinical parameters including abnormal findings on the imaging studies and prophylactic antibiotics prescription were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: UTI in early infancy occurred mainly in male infants and half of the patients had structural anomalies. USG was of clinical value in detecting anomalies requiring surgical intervention, and to rule out high grade VUR in 1-3 months old boys. Results of the imaging study or prophylactic antibiotics could not modify the risk of recurrent UTI. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2004;8:223-228)

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Triple Detector SPECT Imaging with $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ in Adult Patients with Urinary Tract Infection (성인 요로 감염 환자에서 $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 삼중검출기 SPECT 영상의 유용성)

  • Ryu Jin-Sook;Bae, Won-Gyu;Moon Dae-Hyuk;Lee, Myung-Hae;Kim, Soon-Bae,;Park, Su-Kil;Park, Jung-Sik;Hong, Chang-Gi D.;Cho, Kyung-Sik
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.290-298
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    • 1992
  • Although early diagnosis of urinary tract infection is important, the radiologic evaluation is still controversial because of the low sensitivity and the lack of cost-effectiveness. This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical utility of high resolution triple head $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ SPECT imaging in urinary tract infection. We prospectively performed $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ planar and SPECT imaging, ultrasound of kidney (US), intravenous pyelography (IVP) and voiding cystourethrography (VCU) in all 60 adult patients with UTI [26 with first episode of acute pyelonephritis (APN), 22 with recurrent APN, and 12 persistent asymptomatic pyuria] and 25 normal persons. To assess reversibility of the renal cortical defect (RCD), $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ SPECT was repeated 1 to 8 months later in those patients with abnormal initial findings. Overall detection rate of $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ SPECT imaging was 83% (50/60), but planar, US, IVP and VCU showed abnormal findings in 68%, 28%, 32% and 13%, respectively. 25 out of 27 patients with normal or single RCD were all normal in other radioligic studies. Only two patients showed vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on VCU (grade I) and mild hydronephrosis on IVP. But, high proportion of those with multiple RCD showed abnormal findings on US (17/33), IVP (18/33), and VCU (7/33): 67% in any of these 3 studies. Especially, 3 out 7 patients with VUR showed multiple RCD on $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ SPECT without any abnormality on IVP or US. 25 normal persons showed normal findings in all studies except one false positive finding on $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ SPECT imaging. Follow-up $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ SPECT was done in 28 patients (13 with single RCD, 15 with multiple RCD). All 13 patients with single RCD showed improvement. Those with multiple RCD presented improvement in 4, no change in 10, and aggravation in 1 on follow-up studies. With these results, we conclude: 1) $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ SPECT imaging is superior to planar imaging, US, IVP or VCU in detection of renal lesion in urinary tract infection. $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ SPECT is useful as a initial diagnostic tool in adult patients with urinary tract infection. 2) The multiple RCD on $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ SPECT represent the high probability of irreversible tissue change and need of extensive urological work-up.

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