• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 1999

Purpose : It has been well known that urinary tract infection(UTI) in infants and children is frequently associated with vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). However, the publishied papers dealing with congenital anomalies associated with UTI emphasized the importance of VUR only. The aim of our study was to evaluate the type, incidence and spectrum of urologic anomalies associated with UTI. Methods : Medical records of clinical, bacteriologic and radiologic study were assessed retrospectively in 65 infants or children with documented UTI who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Seoul Hospital from March 1996 to February 1998. Results : Spectrum of anomalies were associated with UTI as follows: VUR(n=23), both ectopic kidney(n=1), ureterovesical junction(UVJ) obstruction(n=1), multicystic dysplastic kidney(n=1), ureteropelvic junction(UPJ) obstruction with hydronephrosis(n=1), hutch diverticulum(n=1), UPJ stenosis(n=1), posterior urethral valve(n=1), urachal remnant(n=1) and bladder diverticula(n=1). Congenital urinary anomalies other than VUR were detected in 9 children among 65 patients with UTI(13.8%). 4 children among 9 congenital urinary anomalies other than VUR were combined with VUR. Sex distribution with congenital urinary anomalies other than VUR was more prevalent in male than female (7 males : 2 females). Age distribution at the time of UTI was less than 5 years in most patient (under 1 year in 1 patient, 1-2 year in 5 patients, 3-5 year in 1 patient, and above 5 year in 2 patients). And age distribution at the time of UTl associated with VUR was less than 5 years in most patient (under 1 year in 6 patients, 1-2 year in 8 patients, 3-5 year in 5 patients, and above 5 year in 4 patients), too Conclusion : Because congenital urinary anomalies other than VUR are seen in as high as 13.8% of patients, more careful evaluation of all possible congenital urinary anomalies as well as VUR is mandatory in pediatric patient with UTI.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2006

Purpose: Although radionuclide cisternography (RNC) is an useful study to detect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in the patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), it sometimes fails to demonstrate the site of CSF leakage. The aim of the study is to improve the detection of leakage site of CSF and to reduce time for the study in RNC using modified protocol (m-RNC). Materials & methods : The study consists of 8 studies of 7 patients ($38{\pm}8$ years, M:F=2:5) with SIH, who underwent m-RNC following administration of 185-222 MBq of $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA into the lumbar subarachnoid space. Sequential images were obtained the whole spine with the head including urinary bladder at 10 minute, 30 minute, 1 hour, 2 hour, 4 hour and 6 hour. Radioactivity of extradural space and urinary bladder was evaluated. Results: Leakage site of CSF was identified in all 8 cases by m-RNC. Leakage site was cervicothoracic junction (CTJ, n=3), CTJ with C1-2 (n=2), CTJ with thoracic spine, thoracolumbar spine and lumbar spine (each n=1). All cases presented leakage sites within 1 hour and multiple sites, where CTJ was included in 6 cases. Only one case presented additional site in 6 hour image. Early radioactivity within the urinary bladder was noted in 6 cases, but that was fellowing after identification of the leakage site. Conclusion: Radionuclide cisternography is sensitive to detect the leakage site of CSF and is expected to improve the detection of CSF leakage site and reduce time for the study using modified protocol.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2006

Objectives: This investigation was carried out to understand the status of the urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OABs) syndrome of women in a rural region. Methods: The authors conducted a questionnaire survey among the 322 females who voluntarily participated in a health examination, from 16 to 18 August 2001. Using by definition of UI and OABs, we calculated the proportion of UI, OABs I, and OABs II. The data collected was evaluated using the SPSS 12.0 statistical package, and the differences of symptoms and problems related to daily life between UI, OABs patients and the others were analyzed using a Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results: The overall proportion of UI was 35.4%, and stress UI (32.9%) is more common than urgency UI (17.4%) and mixed UI (14.9%). The proportion of OABs I and OABs II were respectively 36.0%, 14.0%. Symptoms related to UI or OABs were nocturia (35.1%), frequency (23.9%), urgency (21.4%) etc. Of the incontinence cases, 27.2% had experienced UI for a period of one to three years. The proportion of OABs increased significantly by age (p<0.05), UI didn't. The most frequent symptoms in UI and OABs were respectively 'slow stream', 'urgency'. The most frequent problem of daily life in UI and OABs was 'seeking toilet firstly at stranger place'. Conclusions: The proportion of UI and OABs in our study were respectively 35.4%, 14.0%. UI and OABs must be very significant health problems in women, especially rural region. Systemic and profound interventions for UI and OABs need to administer to women in Korea.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.202-213
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• 2004

Object : Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Mylabris phalerata (반모) in some kinds of cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Some kinds of cancer cells lines were treated. We used nine kinds of cancer cell lines, such as stomach cancer cells (Kato), lung cancer cells (Calu-1, NCI-H 1395), urinary bladder cancer cells (HS789T), bone cancer cells (Saos-2), brain cancer cells (SK-N-MC), liver cancer cells (Hep-G2), skin cancer cells (Mo-1) and prostate cancer cells (PC-3) with the water decoction of Mylabris phalerata. The histological changes of all cell lines in the media (RPMI-1640) containing the decoction of Mylabris phalerata were observed and we examined cell death assay by trypan blue exclusion testing was examined. Finally, the change of mitochondrial membrane potential was measurd and the inhibitory effect of Mylabris phalerata on cell increase was examined by analyzing the cell cycle. Results: In histologic change all cancer cell lines showed withdrawn and floating appearance that is typical in cellular impairment. Most of the cell lines showed over 50% death rate after 24 hours in trypan blue exclusion tests. Especially the stomach, urinary bladder. brain and liver cell lines showed over 30% death rate after 12 hours. All cell lines treated with Mylabris phalerata were less stained than the control group and the mitochondrial membrane potential in the Mylabris phalerata treated cell lines was markedly lower than that in the control group. The measurement of DNA quantity in all cell lines showed the disappearance of the peak and the thickened left axis, which suggests that all cellular DNA degraded. Conclusion: Mylabris phalerata had cytotoxicity on various kinds of cancer cell lines and the mechanism of that was the impairment of mitochondria by the breakdown of the mitochondrial cell membrane. We propose that this is in part attributable to the destruction of DNA in cancer cells.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) on intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and intraoperative blood loss (IBL) during lumbar spinal surgery. Methods : Thirty patients scheduled for single level posterior lumbar interbody fusion were allocated equally to a normal group (Group 1, BMI;$18.5-22.9kg/m^2$), an overweight group (Group 2, BMI; $23-24.9kg/m^2$), and an obese group (Group 3, BMI; $25.0-29.9kg/m^2$) according to BMI. IAP was measured using a urinary bladder catheter; 1) supine after anesthesia induction, 2) prone at skin incision, 3) prone at the end of surgery. In addition, IBL was also measured in the three groups. Results : IAP in the supine position was not significantly different in groups 1, 2, and 3 (2.7 mm Hg, 3.0 mm Hg, and 4.2 mm Hg, respectively) ($p$=0.258), and IAP in the prone position at incision increased to 7.8 mm Hg, 8.2 mm Hg, and 10.4 mm Hg, respectively, in the three groups, and these intergroup differences were significant, especially for Group 3 ($p$=0.000). IAP at the end of surgery was slightly lower (7.0 mm Hg, 7.7 mm Hg, and 9.2 mm Hg, respectively). IBLs were not significantly different between the three groups. However, IBLs were found to increase with IAP in the prone position ($p$=0.022) and BMI ($p$<0.05). Conclusion : These results show that BMI affects IAP in the prone position more than in the supine position during lumbar spinal surgery. In addition, IBLs were found to increase with IAP in the prone position and with BMI. Thus, IBLs can be expected to be higher in morbidly obese patients due to an increased IAP.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.207-215
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• 1989

The authors studied ED50 of bethanechol on the contractilities of the smooth muscles isolated from various organs of rat under the presence of atropine(a classical competitive blocker of cholinergic muscarinic receptor) or minaprine(a newly developed antidepressant drug) to investigate the pheripheral anticholinergic effect of minaprine. The results were as follows ; 1) There was no significant difference between ED50 of bethanechol in the control group and that under the presence of minaprine $10^{-8}M$ and $10^{-7}M$ in the smooth muscles isolated from the duodenum. 2) There was no significant difference between ED50 of bethanechol in the control group and that under the presence of minaprine $10^{-8}M$ and $10^{-7}M$ in the smooth muscles isolated from the ascending colon. 3) There was significant difference between ED50 of bethanechol in the control group and that under the presence of minaprine $10^{-8}M$ and $10^{-7}M$ in the smooth muscles isolated from the urinary bladder(P<0.01). 4) There was significant difference between ED50 of the atropine $10^{-8}M$ and minaprine ($10^{-8}M$) in the smooth muscles isolated from the urinary bladder(P<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this review is to figure out which acupoints are frequently used to treat low back pain and which exercises are effective to low back pain. Methods We searched the three electronic database (RISS, KISS, KTKP) and manually checked related Korean journals and reference lists up to June 2013. We investigated the frequency of acupoints for using treatment of low back pain. We Introduce exercise therapies we can do easily at home without professional skills for treatment low back pain. Results We included 72 articles in this study. The most frequently adopted acupoints were BL25, BL23, BL24, GB30, BL40, BL26, BL60, GB34, BL52, BL57, GB39. The most frequently adopted meridian pathways were BL, GB, GV, ST. The most frequently adopted disease causing low back pain were HIVD (Herniated intervertebral disc), Lumbar sprain, Spinal stenosis, Compression fracture, Cauda equina syndrome, Spondylolisthesis, Ankylosing spondylitis. There are many exercise therapies (Lumbar stabilizing exercise, Resistance exercise, Bareunmom physical exercise, Mckenzie exercise, Williams exercise, Emblass exercise, Swiss ball exercise, Thera band exercise, Yoga) for treatment low back pain. Conclusions These results suggest that most frequently adopted acupoints were foot taeyang urinary bladder channel acupoints. Beacuse foot taeyang urinary bladder channel is passes through the waist, it will be effective for treatment of low back pain. Also exercise therapy is effective for enhance Muscular strength. In order to treatment of low back pain, Acupuncture treatment is also important, as well as exercise therapy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.138-149
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• 1991

This study was aimed at investigation of the stimulatory innervations on the rat urinary bladder. Detrusor muscle strips of 15 mm long were suspended in isolated muscle chambers containing 1 ml of PSS maintained at $37^{\circ}C$ and aerated with 95% $O_2/5%CO_2$. Isometric myography was perfomed, and the results were as followings : Muscle strips showed "on-contraction" by electric field stimulation (EFS) frequency-dependently. The EFS-induced contraction was not affected by hexamethonium, a ganglion blocker, but abolished, by tetrodotoxin, a nerve conduction blocker. Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor enhanced the EFS-induced contraction which was inhibited by hemicholinium, an inhibitor of choline uptake at the cholinergic nerve ending. Such an EFS-induced contraction was antagonized by atropine only partially, and the atropine-resistant portion was completely abolished by the desensitization of purinergic receptors by prolonged incubatin of the strips in the presence of high concentratin of ATP. Bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist, elicited concentration-dependent contraction. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a purinergic agonist, induced a weak but concentration-dependent contraction of short duration. Bethanechol-induced contraction was not affected by ATP-desensitization, and ATP-induced contraction was not affected by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that there are at least two main stimulatory components of innervations in the detrusor muscle, cholinergic muscarinic and purinergic ; and those receptors are independent each other.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2004

This paper discuss the acupoints and flowing of channel. The Acupoints issued from the Foot Taiyin channel's energy are seventy three. The acupoints issued from the Foot Shaoyang channel's energy are sixty two. The acupoints issued from the Foot Yangming channel's energy are sixty eight. The acupoints issued from the Hand Taiyang channel's energy are thirty six. The acupoints issued from the Hand Yangming channel's energy are twenty two. The acupoints issued from the Hand Shaoyang channel's energy are thirty two. The acupoints issued from the Du channel's energy are twenty eight. The acupoints issued from the Ren channel's energy are twenty eight. The acupoints issued from the Chong channel's energy are twenty two. The acupoints issued from the Foot Shaoyin channel are the Lianquan points of kidney channel on each side under the tongue. The total points above amount of three hundred and sixty five. Urinary Bladder Channel of Foot-Taiyang: The number of acupoints is 67. Gall Bladder Channel of Foot-Shaoyang: The number of acupoints is 44. Stomach Channel of Foot-Yangming: The number of acupoints is 45.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.69-72
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• 2001

Infrequent voiding is defiled as two or less micturitions in a day without organic causes. It can 1ead to bladder capacity enlargement and increase in the volume of residual urine and as a consequence it may produce recurrent urinary tract infections(UTI) and or renal damages. We report a case of acute pyelonephritis due to infrequent voiding in a 13 year old girl. The imaging studies revealed floating debris in the bladder on VCUG and dilated ureter on ultrasonography, and parenchymal defects on 99mTc DMSA scan. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 5 : 69- 72, 2001)