• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.416-425
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• 2011

To analyze the physical processes of sea-breeze development over a coastal urban area, numerical simulation for seabreeze (SB) and its frontogenesis was examined based on urbanized MM5 (uMM5) with urban canopy parameterization. On 6 August 2006, SB and its front were well developed in Busan under a weak offshore flow. As a result of wind vector, ZVB (Zero Velocity Boundary), potential temperature obtained the uMM5, at 0900 LST, SB advanced below 200 m height in the coastal areas and the internal boundary grew with the urban coastal region. At noon, the height of the SB head with updraft was approximately one and a half times (~600 m) higher than its depth in central urban. Applying the frontogenesis function, the SB structure for frontogenesis and frontolysis were complicated spatially; the dynamic effects of wind (i.e. convergence and tilting term) could play an important role in the growth of SB, especially the convergence effect.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.495-505
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• 2012

Modeling the effects of high-rise buildings on thermo-dynamic conditions and meteorological fields over a coastal urban area was conducted using the modified meso-urban meteorological model (Urbanized MM5; uMM5) with the urban canopy parameterization (UCP) and the high-resolution inputs (urban morphology, land-use/land-cover sub-grid distribution, and high-quality digital elevation model data sets). Sensitivity simulations was performed during a typical sea-breeze episode (4~8 August 2006). Comparison between simulations with real urban morphology and changed urban morphology (i.e. high-rise buildings to low residential houses) showed that high-rise buildings could play an important role in urban heat island and land-sea breeze circulation. The major changes in urban meteorologic conditions are followings: significant increase in daytime temperature nearly by $1.0^{\circ}C$ due to sensible heat flux emitted from high density residential houses, decrease in nighttime temperature nearly by $1.0^{\circ}C$ because of the reduction in the storage heat flux emitted from high-rise buildings, and large increase in wind speed (maximum 2 m $s^{-1}$) during the daytime due to lessen drag-force or increased gradient temperature over coastal area.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2010

A meso-urban meteorological model (Urbanized MM5; uMM5) with urban canopy parameterization (UCP) was applied to the high-resolution simulation of meteorological fields in a complex coastal urban area and the assessment of urban impacts. Multi-scale simulations with the uMM5 in the innermost domain (1-km resolution) covering the Busan metropolitan region were performed during a typical sea breeze episode (4~8 August 2006) with detailed fine-resolution inputs (urban morphology, land-use/land-cover sub-grid distribution, and high-quality digital elevation model data sets). An additional simulation using the standard MM5 was also conducted to identify the effects of urban surface properties under urban meteorological conditions. Results showed that the uMM5 reproduced well the urban thermal and dynamic environment and captured well the observed feature of sea breeze. When comparison with simulations of the standard MM5, it was found that the uMM5 better reproduced urban impacts on temperature (especially at nighttime) and urban wind flows: roughness-induced deceleration and UHI (Urban Heat Island)-induced convergence.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 국지성 이상호우에 대한 하천의 치수 안전도를 분석하기 위하며 서울의 도시하천중 지방2급 하천인 홍제천을 연구 대상하천으로 선정하였고, 최근 발생한 이상호우 중에서 서울에 많은 피해를 입힌 2001년 7월 14일${\sim}$15일 강우 310.1mm와 서울지역 가능최대강수량(PMP)740.0mm를 적용 강우로 선정하였다. 홍제천의 치수 안전도를 분석한 결과, 계획빈도인 50년인 경우, 안전단면이 85%, 관리단면이 15%, 위험단면은 발생치 않았으나, 100년 빈도에서 안전단면이 5% 감소하고 관리단면이 4% 위험단면은 2% 증가하였다. 빈도가 증가함에 따라 증감율은 작게 나타났고 200년 빈도 이후에는 관리단면은 거의 변화가 없었으며 위험단면이 다소 증가하여 300년 빈도에서는 50년 빈도에 비해 8%, 500년 빈도에서는 12% 증가하였고 1000년 빈도에서는 위험단면이 19%, 관리단면이 13% 크게 증가하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2021

본 연구는 홍천군 명개리 열목어 서식지인 계방천의 어류 군집과 열목어 개체군 특성 및 서식지 주변 토지이용에 따른 상관성을 파악하고자 수행하였다. 조사는 2018년 7월, 9월, 10월 총 3회 조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과 총 6과 13종 882개체의 어류가 채집되었으며, 우점종은 금강모치, 아우점종은 참갈겨니로 확인되었다. 채집된 어류 중 법정보호종은 멸종위기야생생물 II급인 열목어와 가는돌고기가 출현하였으며, 천연기념물 제259호인 어름치가 확인되었다. 한국고유종은 총 10종으로 76.92%의 매우 높은 고유종 빈도로 나타났다. 계방천에서 열목어 추가조사를 포함하여 3회 조사 동안 총 99개체의 열목어가 채집되었다. 열목어 개체군의 생육상태와 생식능력 정도를 파악할 수 있는 전장-체중 상관관계 분석 및 비만도 지수(k) 분석을 실시한 결과 열목어의 회귀계수 b값은 3.1272, 비만도 지수(k)는 0.0006으로 분석되어 조사지역의 열목어 개체군은 비교적 안정적인 생육상태를 유지하고 있는 것으로 확인되었으나, 비교적 낮은 값을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 전장빈도분포 분석 결과 당년생 60~130mm, 1년생 140~200 mm, 2년생 이상의 개체는 200 mm로 추정되었다. QHEI는 130.0 (±2.0)~159.0 (±1.0)의 범위인 '양호~최적' 등급으로 분석되었다. HSI를 분석한 결과 최적의 수심은 0.45~0.55 m와 1.0 m 이상, 최적의 유속은 0.55~0.65m s^-1, 하상은 Boulder를 선호하는 것으로 확인되었다. 조사지점별 인근 토지이용 비율을 분석한 결과 산림지역 66.26~96.31%, 농업지역 0.00~23.79%, 도시지역 0.00~4.19%, 기타지역 3.69~8.87%로 분석되어 대부분의 지점에서 산림의 비율이 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 농업지역의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 지점별 출현한 열목어 개체수와 다양한 항목 간의 상관성 분석을 실시한 결과, QHEI와 산림지역과는 양의 상관성(p<0.05), 농업지역과 도시지역과는 음의 상관성(p<0.05, p<0.01)으로 분석되어 서식지 주변의 토지이용 유형 및 변화 정도에 따라 열목어 개체군에 많은 영향을 미치며, 열목어 개체군 보호 및 관리를 위해는 서식지 주변 토지이용에 따른 관리방안 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.157-157
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• 2019

This study derived the Flood-Inducing-Rainfall (FIR) and the Flood-Inducing-Runoff (FIRO) from the radar-gage composite data to be used as the basis of the flood warning initiation for the urban area of Seoul. For this, we derived the rainfall depth-duration relationship for the 261 flood events at 239 watersheds during the years 2010 and 2011 based on the 10-minute 1km-1km radar-gauge composite rainfall field. The relationship was further refined by the discrete ranges of the proportion of the flooded area in the watershed (FP) and the coefficient variation of the rainfall time series (CV). Then, the slope of the straight line that contains all data points in the depth-duration relationship plot was determined as the FIR for the specified range of the FP and the CV. Similar methodology was applied to derive the FIRO, which used the runoff depths that were estimated using the NRCS Curve Number method. We found that FIR and FIRO vary at the range of 37mm/hr-63mm/hr and the range of 10mm/hr-42mm/hr, respectively. The large variability was well explained by the FP and the CV: As the FP increases, FIR and FIRO increased too, suggesting that the greater rainfall causes larger flooded area; as the rainfall CV increases, FIR and FIRO decreased, which suggests that the temporally concentrated rainfall requires less total of rainfall to cause the flood in the area. We verified our result against the 21 flood events that occurred for the period of 2012 through 2015 for the same study area. When the 5 percent of the flooded area was tolerated, the ratio of hit-and-miss of the warning system based on the rainfall was 44.2 percent and 9.5 percent, respectively. The ratio of hit-and-miss of the warning system based on the runoff was 67 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively. Lastly, we showed the importance of considering the radar-gauge composite rainfall data as well as rainfall and runoff temporal variability in flood warning system by comparing our results to the ones based on the gauge-only or radar-only rainfall data and to the one that does not account for the temporal variability.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2022

Along with the urbanization, the risk of urban flooding due to climate change is increasing. Flood regulation, one of the ecosystem services, is implemented in the different level of function of flood risk mitigation by the type of ecosystem such as forests, arable land, wetlands etc. Land use changes due to development pressures have become an important factor in increasing the vulnerability by flash flood. This study has conducted evaluating the urban flood regulation service using InVEST UFRM(Urban Flood Risk Model). As a result of the simulation, the potential water retention by ecosystem type in the event of a flash flood according to RCP 4.5(10 year frequency) scenario was 1,569,611 tons in urbanized/dried areas, 907,706 tons in agricultural areas, 1,496,105 tons in forested areas, 831,705 tons in grasslands, 1,021,742 tons in wetlands, and 206,709 tons in bare areas, the water bodies was estimated to be 38,087 tons. In the case of more severe 100-year rainfall, 1,808,376 tons in urbanized/dried areas, 1,172,505 tons in agricultural areas, 2,076,019 tons in forests, 1,021,742 tons in grasslands, 47,603 tons in wetlands, 238,363 tons in bare lands, and 52,985 tons in water bodies. The potential economic damage from flood runoff(100 years frequency) is 122,512,524 thousand won in residential areas, 512,382,410 thousand won in commercial areas, 50,414,646 thousand won in industrial areas, 2,927,508 thousand won in Infrastructure(road), 8,907 thousand won in agriculture, Total of assuming a runoff of 50 mm(100 year frequency) was estimated at 688,245,997 thousand won. In a conclusion. these results provided an overview of ecosystem functions and services in terms of flood control, and indirectly demonstrated the possibility of using the model as a tool for policy decision-making. Nevertheless, in future research, related issues such as application of models according to various spatial scales, verification of difference in result values due to differences in spatial resolution, improvement of CN(Curved Number) suitable for the research site conditions based on actual data, and development of flood damage factors suitable for domestic condition for the calculation of economic loss.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to evaluate a criteria of intercepting capacity and a reduction goal of overflow pollution load in combined sewer system. In the current criteria of intercepting capacity in the domestic sewage facility standard, it is known that three times of peak sewage (Q) in dry period or runoff flow by 2mm/hr is not appropriate since the intercepted flow is estimated by runoff and show different result even in the same watershed. Though a reduction goal of overflow pollution load can be determined from 1) same level of storm-water runoff pollution load in separated storm sewer, 2) less than 5% sewage load in dry weather period, by the domestic sewage facility standard, the simulated results from storm-water model show large differences between two criteria. While it is predicted that sewage pollution load standard three time larger than separated storm sewer standard in high population density and urbanized area, it is shown that separate storm sewer standard larger than sewage pollution load standard in middle population density and developing area. Accordingly, it is proposed that more reasonable intercepting flow and reduction goal of overflows pollution load should be established to minimize discharging pollution load in combined sewer systems. For the purpose, a resonable standard has to be amended by pollution load balance considering the characteristics of a watershed for generation, collection, treatment, and discharging flow.