• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.13 no.3 s.33
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• pp.41-52
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• 2005

The high density of population and building; can cause catastrophe in urban areas when natural or artificial disasters break out. The aim of this paper is to assess comprehensive disasters risk of urban areas by Geospatial Information System. For this purpose, we classified disasters risk of urban areas into low categories: flood, fire, building-collapse, and shelter, and then determined factors for hazard risk assessment respectively. The results of hazard assessment can be applied to minimize the demage of disasters in establishing the urban management planning. For more systematic and professional approach the further research is need to consider more disaster assessment factors and join with related experts.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2014

purpose of this study was to conduct status survey on existing shelter facilities for residents and use it as basic material to plan and design improved shelter facilities in the future. As the result, first, although existing shelter facilities are judged to have been designed in consideration only of the protection from high explosive shells, actual protection capability is significantly low against high explosive shells when exit direction and protection capabilities of main entrances were investigated. Second, all the 7 facilities did not have air purifier with filters installed for the air that flows into the inside from outside and since the height of air exhausts and intake pipes in the outside are also close to the earth, there are possibilities that heavy contaminated air can flow into the inside. Third, although some facilities have anti-explosion doors installed, it is impossible to use them as chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) shelter because of improper installation of openings and anti-explosion valves as well as poor plumbing that cannot ensure air-tightness and poor finish of piping penetration.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.365-376
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• 2019

Now, our urban space is composed of all kinds of sculptures that lost its individual charm in trend flows and street furniture standardized by the integrated design of standardized franchises and similar architectures per each region and autonomous districts. This study was to introduce the concept called the 'community furniture' in the urban environment that there is no an identity of the regional culture and a sense of place because of the mostly similar street environment. The purpose of this study is to propose the concept called the 'community furniture' referred to as public facilities that imply specific identities of some regions that have became the community art expanded into necessary facilities of urban composition as bus shelter's universal convenience and functionality have been preferentially handled and its regional identities are reflected. For doing this, this study fulfilled application alternatives of community furniture design's basic principles after examining the storytelling process of local cultural heritages and analyzing domestic and foreign cases of bus shelters. Results of this study are as follows. First, convergent synergy effects in information and culture and art sectors could be expected as bus shelters visually deliver storytelling factors that imply locally related images. Second, space and place's characteristics and sustainable design concepts embody local characteristics. They can suggest directions for vitalizing urban environment designs by being in harmony with surrounding environments. Third, it is expected that realizing distinctive places is possible as bus shelters with local communities' aesthetic consciousness and regionality are composed of new street spaces.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.179-193
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• 2023

It is undeniable that urban greenspace is the soul of a city. Conventional urban greenspace such as parks, community gardens, playgrounds etc. located within a city reduce the negative effects of pollution, play a major role in the survival of the urban ecosystem, and promote healthy lifestyles. Today, 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas, which is expected to increase to 68% by 2050. Projections show that urbanization and the gradual migration to urban areas combined with the fast growth of the world's population, could add another 2.5 billion people to urban areas by 2050 and almost 90% of this increase will take place in Asia(UN, 2018). As a result, many plots in the cities are and will continue to be occupied with buildings to provide residential support to the increased population. This will dangerously decrease urban greenspaces. Moreover, worldwide, food crisis, energy crisis, and social crisis is posing a great threat to the existence of mankind. Additionally, the COVID - 19 has introduced a new lifestyle where from work culture to community configuration has drastically transformed. In this scenario, residential buildings will have to serve more than just providing privacy and shelter. As urban greenspaces are being occupied by concrete residential buildings, these buildings will have to compensate for the percentage of urban green they are destroying and the issues they are imposing in the process. The goal of this thesis is to design, architecturally define and, categorize comprehensive 'sustainable Greenspace'(S.G.S) for the multi-family housing scenario. These will be different than the conventional green (veranda, rooftop green) we commonly see in residential buildings. An old, dilapidated apartment building will be the target of remodeling to fulfill the purpose of this thesis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.62-70
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• 2017

Following the September $12^{th}$, 2016 earthquake in Gyeongju-city, the observation can be made that South Korea is not a non-earthquake country. Because of its particular characteristics, urban green spaces are good sites for protection during an earthquake but studies regarding the suitability of park green spaces as a form of earthquake shelter are few, making it difficult to highlight the function of park green spaces as emergency shelters. The purpose of this study is to identify indicators for suitability impact factors of comprehensive parks as emergency earthquake shelter zones. Using the Delphi method, three rounds of survey were implemented. According to the analysis results of Average value, CVR, Consultation and Convergence, ten candidate indicators were removed in the candidate group. Twenty-seven suitability impact factors of comprehensive parks were retained, including 8 indicators in the field of safety, 6 indicators in the field of accessibility, and 13 indicators in the field of service effectiveness.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2016

Reasonable disaster prevention signs play an important role in guiding evacuation. Through the field investigation on disaster prevention signs in shelters and surrounding areas in Beijing, some problems were found in the using of sign system. Based on the principle of integrated design, evacuation and rescue requirements, it is necesssary to make further study on aspects such as, design of function, systematic consideration, humanization design, as well as the internationalization using. This paper presents an evaluation index system for disaster prevention signs. Such a system is very important for strengthening the independent guiding function of sign systems and improving evacuation efficiency. An effective connection could be realized between the internal environment of buildings, evacuation routes, and emergencey shelters.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.141-143
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• 2018

Critics of height argue that it de-humanizes our cities. Yet a critical mass is a necessity for vibrant city life, and height is a key contributor. If we can overcome the environmental impacts and technicalities of building tall and dense, our cities' streets can thrive and prosper. To make this happen, we must move towards working together to share resources, so we can ensure the continuity of the public realm. We already have the tools to do this; the challenge lies in the coordination of the public and private institutions that govern urban space. District heating and cooling systems; shared logistics spaces; care, responsibility and ownership of the public realm between buildings; seamless connectivity between modes of transport; creative combinations of shelter and seating, and the placement of buildings so that they are not overbearing to the streets around them - these attributes can be found in many places, though rarely all at once. This paper looks at the development of the city and offers Barangaroo South, Sydney, which addresses all these aspects, as a potential template for future city planning.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.525-538
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• 2022

High-rise wooden pagodas generate large displacement responses under wind action. It is necessary and wise to reduce the wind loads and wind-induced responses on the architectural heritage using artificial plants, which do not damage ancient architecture and increase greenery. This study calculates and analyzes the wind loads and wind-induced responses on the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, in China, using artificial plants via the finite element analysis (FEA). A three-dimensional wind-loading field was simulated using a wind tunnel test. Wind loads and wind-induced responses, including the displacement and acceleration of the pagoda with and without artificial plants, were analyzed. In addition, three types of tree arrangements were discussed and analyzed using the score method. The results revealed that artificial plants can effectively control wind loads and wind-induced displacements, but the wind-induced accelerations are enlarged to some extent during the process. The height of the tree significantly affected the shelter effects of the structure. The distance of trees from the pagoda and arrangement width of the tree had less influence on shelter effects. This study extends the understanding of the nondestructive method based on artificial plants, for controlling the wind base loads and structural responses of wooden pagodas and preserving architectural heritage via FEA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.65-77
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• 2015

The urban park has important functions as a habitat for wildlife as well as open space of rest and community for people. This study was carried out to find what factors of structure and vegetation of urban parks could affect forest bird species diversity in Cheonan city. The study surveyed bird and vegetation species in 26 urban parks, Cheonan city. A correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions were performed to test whether habitat structure and vegetation were the major correlate with species diversity. The results showed the Dujeong park was the most high bird species diversity (H' = 2.13), and the Dujeong-8 park (H' = 2.02) and the Cheongsa park (H' = 1.73) were considerably higher than the other urban parks. The variables that were strongly correlated with bird species diversity were park area, number of subtree species, canopy of shrub, number of shrub species, shape index, canopy of subtree, canopy of tree, and impervious surface ratio. The regression of bird species diversity against the environmental variables showed that 3 variables of park area, canopy of subtree, and canopy of tree were included in the best model. Model variable selection was broadly similar for the 5 optimal models. It means park area and multi-layer vegetation were the most consistent and significant predictor of bird species diversity, because urban parks were isolated by built-up areas. Especially the subtree coverage that provides shelter and food for forest birds was an important variable. Therefore, to make parks circular-shaped and abundant multi-layer vegetation, which could be a buffer to external disturbances and improve the quality of habitats, may be used to enhance species diversity in creation and management of urban parks.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-52
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• 2016

Yeohlee Teng's 'Urban Nomad' concept stresses high mobility and flexibility in 'Clothing-as-shelter' in order to satisfy the needs of urban dwellers. Yeohlee interprets clothing as a portable environment that protects and shelters urban nomads as well as creates space of clothing as intimate architecture. This study examines Nomadism in Yeohlee's designs since 1981 when she received the attention from the fashion critics, by conducting literary survey as well as case analysis. Nomadism in Yeohlee's work showed the following characterizes. First, 'modular system' deals with the organized dressing system that enables interchanging and layering of separates that function in the fifth season; second, 'organic geometry' describes the architectonic approach to clothing as wearable structure that transforms two dimensional geometry into three dimensional form; third, 'functionalism' refers to the use of technological novel materials, ergonomic clothing construction, and the strategy of using structure as decoration; and fourth, 'reductionism' is the economical approach for realizing Nomadism, which is composed of one-size-fits-all as well as unisex size system and 'zero waste' strategy to maximize use of a piece of cloth.