• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

Recent developments in robotics and intelligent vehicle area, bring interests of people in an autonomous driving ability and advanced driving assistance system. Especially fully automatic parking ability is one of the key issues of intelligent vehicles, and accurate parked vehicles detection is essential for this issue. In previous researches, many types of sensors are used for detecting vehicles, 2D LiDAR is popular since it offers accurate range information without preprocessing. The L shape feature is most popular 2D feature for vehicle detection, however it has an ambiguity on different objects such as building, bushes and this occurs misdetection problem. Therefore we propose the accurate vehicle detection method by using a 3D complete vehicle model in 3D point clouds acquired from front inclined 2D LiDAR. The proposed method is decomposed into two steps: vehicle candidate extraction, vehicle detection. By combination of L shape feature and point clouds segmentation, we extract the objects which are highly related to vehicles and apply 3D model to detect vehicles accurately. The method guarantees high detection performance and gives plentiful information for autonomous parking. To evaluate the method, we use various parking situation in complex urban scene data. Experimental results shows the qualitative and quantitative performance efficiently.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.3858-3874
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• 2021

As an essential part of the urban transportation system, precise perception of the traffic flow parameters at the traffic signal intersection ensures traffic safety and fully improves the intersection's capacity. Traditional detection methods of road traffic flow parameter can be divided into the micro and the macro. The microscopic detection methods include geomagnetic induction coil technology, aerial detection technology based on the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and camera video detection technology based on the fixed scene. The macroscopic detection methods include floating car data analysis technology. All the above methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Recently, indoor location methods based on wireless signals have attracted wide attention due to their applicability and low cost. This paper extends the wireless signal indoor location method to the outdoor intersection scene for traffic flow parameter estimation. In this paper, the detection scene is constructed at the intersection based on the received signal strength indication (RSSI) ranging technology extracted from the wireless signal. We extracted the RSSI data from the wireless signals sent to the road side unit (RSU) by the vehicle nodes, calibrated the RSSI ranging model, and finally obtained the traffic flow parameters of the intersection entrance road. We measured the average speed of traffic flow through multiple simulation experiments, the trajectory of traffic flow, and the spatiotemporal map at a single intersection inlet. Finally, we obtained the queue length of the inlet lane at the intersection. The simulation results of the experiment show that the RSSI ranging positioning method based on wireless signals can accurately estimate the traffic flow parameters at the intersection, which also provides a foundation for accurately estimating the traffic flow state in the future era of the Internet of Vehicles.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2005

이 연구의 목적은 사운드스케이프의 의미론적 관점에 기초하여 도시의 거리경관에 관한 청각적 이미지의 평가구조를 파악하는 것이다. 캡션평가법이라는 새로운 환경심리조사수법을 이용하여 2001년부터 2005년까지 총45명의 대학생이 남원시의 주요 거리를 걸으면서 듣고 느끼는 소리의 이미지 파악을 위한 현장조사에 참가하고, 그 결과 청각적 경관에 대한 요소, 특징, 인상 및 선호도 등을 포함한 다양한 자료를 얻을 수 있었다. 남원시에 있어서, 청각적 이미지의 구성 요소는 자연음, 그리고 기계음, 사회음, 지시음 등을 포함한 인공음으로 분류되고, 청각적 경관의 특징은 소리종류, 양태, 상황, 성질, 주변관계, 이미지 등으로, 그리고 청각적 경관의 인상은 인간의 감성, 거리의 분위기, 소리 자체의 특성이라는 3가지 카테고리로 분류된다. 청각적 경관과 판단과의 관계로 부터, 청각적 경관의 요소, 특징, 인상 등은 긍정적, 중립적, 부정적 이미지 등의 항목으로 구성된다. 또한, 남원시의 거리경관의 평가구조모델로부터 그 장소 또는 공간의 청각적 이미지특성을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.321-324
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• 2005

In these days, the management and visualization of 3D geo-spatial information is regarded as one of an important issue in GiS and remote sensing fields. 3D GIS is considered with the database issues such as handling and managing of 3D geometry/topology attributes, whereas 3D visualization is basically concerned with 3D computer graphics. This study focused on the design and implementation for the OpenGL API-based rendering system for the complex types of 3D geo-spatial features. In this approach 3D features can be separately processed with the functions of authoring and manipulation of terrain segments, building segments, road segments, and other geo-based things with texture mapping. Using this implementation, it is possible to the generation of an integrated scene with these complex types of 3D features. This integrated rendering system based on the feature-based 3D-GIS model can be extended and effectively applied to urban environment analysis, 3D virtual simulation and fly-by navigation in urban planning. Furthermore, we expect that 3D-GIS visualization application based on OpenGL API can be easily extended into a real-time mobile 3D-GIS system, soon after the release of OpenGLIES which stands for OpenGL for embedded system, though this topic is beyond the scope of this implementation.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2007

Animated anaglyph is the most cost-effective method for 3D stereo visualization of virtual or actual 3D geo-based data model. Unlike 3D anaglyph scene generation using paired epipolar images, the main data sets of this study is the multi-typed 3D feature model containing 3D shaped objects, DEM and satellite imagery. For this purpose, a prototype implementation for 3D animated anaglyph using OpenGL API is carried out, and virtual 3D feature modeling is performed to demonstrate the applicability of this anaglyph approach. Although 3D features are not real objects in this stage, these can be substituted with actual 3D feature model with full texture images along all facades. Currently, it is regarded as the special viewing effect within 3D GIS application domains, because just stereo 3D viewing is a part of lots of GIS functionalities or remote sensing image processing modules. Animated anaglyph process can be linked with real-time manipulation process of 3D feature model and its database attributes in real world problem. As well, this approach of feature-based 3D animated anaglyph scheme is a bridging technology to further image-based 3D animated anaglyph rendering system, portable mobile 3D stereo viewing system or auto-stereo viewing system without glasses for multi-viewers.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2009

불규칙성(irregularity)과 다양성(variety)을 특징으로 한 18세기 낭만주의 조경의 픽춰레스크 미학은 19세기 도시 가로형태에 적용되어 '어번픽춰레스크(Urban Picturesque)'라는 개념으로 불리게 된다. 선행연구가 가로의 어번픽춰레스크 특징 중 물리적 형태에만 국한하여 보행체험의 흥미도에 미치는 영향관계를 보려 했던 한계점을 보완하기 위하여 본 연구는 물리적 측면과 활동적 측면의 양대 인자를 보행흥미 도를 결정하는 변수로 설정하였다. 사례연구에서는 서울의 보행자중심 가로들을 대상으로 하여 '어번픽춰레스크'적 특성에 따른 물리적 측면과 활동적 측면의 설문조사를 통하여 도시 가로설계에서 '어번픽춰레스크' 개념의 적용가능성을 모색 하고자 하였다. 실증적 조사분석을 통한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 덕수궁길이 물리적으로는 픽쳐레스크한 특징을 더욱 많이 갖추고 있었음에도 실제의 보행흥미도에서는 인사동길이 더 높게 나타났다. 그 이유는, 인사동길이 덕수궁길에서 보이는 가로의 다양한 형태변화의 속성과 명동길에서 보이는 다양한 활동적 측면의 요소, 그리고 가로의 독특한 분위기 등을 동시에 복합적으로 갖추고 있는 가로이기 때문인 것으로 파악되었다. 이로써 도시환경의 물리적인 형태와 활동적인 요소는 복합적으로 작용하여 가로의 보행체험에 영향을 주는 것으로 파악되었다. 결론적으로, 현대도시의 보행자가로에서 '어번픽춰레스크'적 특성이 이용자에게 보다 흥미롭고 매력적으로 느껴지게 하기 위해서는 가로의 물리적 형태와 더불어 각 가로상황에 맞는 활동적 측면이 활성화되어야만 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to interpret the visual and auditory images and cognitive characteristics about townscapes in Namwon city. It was acquired the survey results about 8 types of verbal interviews and 2 kinds of sketch maps which are based on urban images from 102 Namwon residents. They held in a variety of images of Namwon in their minds such as Jiri mountain, clean environment, sightseeing, special products, urban/building structures, Korean classical music, historical novel, local sports, and emotional images. The nice streets or places which the residents recommended are the places which have abundant natural areas, psychological peace and rest, available space for physical activity, places for performances and events, and regional attractions. The streets or places which they didn't like are decadent places, and areas of crowded traffic. The transition times of visual and auditory scene can be classified with the Saemaul movement in the 1970's(the rural new community movement) and the improvement of the city in the 1990's. The elements of visual images in Namwon city on the basis of the cognitive maps were expressed such elements as paths, districts, nodes, edges, and landmarks. The elements of auditory images, which are on the basis of the concept of the soundscape, included sounds of narrative musical form unique to Korea; p'ansori, sounds of traditional markets, and sounds of nature. It was found that the imageability of visual and auditory images is relatively clear in specific areas in Namwon city.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2007

본 논문은 복잡하고 거대한 도시장면의 빠른 렌더링을 위한 기여도 컬링에 대한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 시각 절두체 컬링 기술은 복잡한 장면의 빠른 렌더링에 사용된다. LOD를 지원하기 위해 영상 영역을 분할하고 가중치 쿼드트리를 생성한다. 현재 카메라 위치에서 보이는 객체들만 현재 쿼드트리의 요소가 되고 가중치는 쿼드트리의 각 객체에 할당된다. 가중치는 투사된 객체의 영상 영역에 비례하기 때문에 카메라로부터 먼 거리에 있는 큰 구조물들은 가까운 거리에 있는 작은 구조물들보다 컬링될 확률이 적다. 렌더링 시간은 보이는 객체들의 수에 독립적으로 거의 일정하다. 제안된 방법을 현재 개발 중인 새로운 대도시 구역에 적용했다. 제안된 방법은 기존의 방법과 같은 렌더링 질을 보장하며 다각형의 수를 약 9% 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 제안된 렌더링 방법은 복잡하고 거대한 장면의 고품질 실간 렌더링을 위한 응용 시스템에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2024

Ensuring swift on-site access to fire engines is crucial in preserving the golden time and minimizing damage. However, various mobility constraints in alleyways hinder the timely entry of fire engines to the fire scene, significantly impairing their initial response capabilities. Therefore, this study analyzed the significant mobility constraints of fire engines, focusing on Seoul, which has many old town areas. By leveraging survey responses from firefighting experts and actual observations, this study quantitatively assessed the frequency and severity of mobility constraint factors affecting the disaster responses of fire engines. Survey results revealed a consistent set of top five factors regarding the frequency and disturbance level, including illegally parked cars, narrow paths, motorcycles, poles, and awnings/banners. A comparison with actual road-view images showed notable consistency between the survey and observational results regarding the appearance frequency of mobility constraint factors in vulnerable areas in Seoul. Furthermore, the study emphasized the importance of tailored management strategies for each mobility constraint factor, considering its characteristics, such as dynamic or static. The findings of this study can serve as foundational data for creating more detailed fire safety maps and advancing technologies that monitor the mobility of fire engines through efficient vision-based inference using CCTVs in the future.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.187-212
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• 2002

Vietnams urban middle class is strongly value oriented in its shopping behavior. They want fairly good quality and service, but they also factor price into their considerations. In terms of retail patronage, they demand convenience, good service, attractive display, and especially want extensive choice. Brands must be present in multiple types of outlet, or fragile brand loyalties can be broken. Mini supermarkets have become an important part of the retail scene in the past decade, and have successfully introduced the supermarket concept to Vietnam. Many consumers are integrating mini supermarkets into their regular shopping, and are willing to pay the higher prices to gain the benefits of such shopping. However, the mini supermarkets do not adequately meet some of the things they expect from supermarkets. Large supermarkets are just entering the market, and are likely to capture much of the current mini supermarket customer base.