• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.1297-1302
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• 2004

In DC power distribution system for urban rail transits potential relay, 64P, is used to detect the ground faults. The problem with this 64P is that though it detects the ground fault it cannot identify the faulted region. Therefore the faulted region cannot be isolated properly. It could results in power loss of the trains on the healthy regions and the safety of the passengers in the trains could be affected adversely. A new ground fault protective relaying scheme that can identify the faulted region is presented in this paper. The new concept uses the current differential scheme and the permissive scheme to identify the faulted region correctly. A device with similar characteristic to the arrestor is adapted to use the current relay for the ground fault detection. The role of the device is to block the ground leakage current in normal operating condition and enable the ground fault current to flow in ground fault condition. The algorithm of the new relay and the effect of the newly adapted device in the new relaying scheme are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.58-63
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• 2003

This study shows the functional contribution into the public transportation system for congestion area. And there is a introduction for the rapid bus transit developed in Europe community. It can be classified the public transportation as urban transit, subway and bus. For a few years, it has been introduced the AGT system as a role of the alternative and lengthening system of subway line. Recently, there is going on construction of AGT system in some regional cities. The AGT system has advantages in terms of accessibility and cost-effective rather than subway. But the bus system is advantageous at the points rather than AGT system. It is obvious that the bus system is most cost-effective for infrastructure and system rather than any other public transports. If the bus system has punctuality and precise docking, that becomes best choice for public transportation scheme. There are tries to develop new systems by means of the f1les up the advantages in bus and AGT system, which can be classified as BRT(Bus Rapid Transit}. The idea is simple; 'Thirik rail, use advanced buses.' It is introduced the IRISBUS system at this article, which was developed in Europe community. And it is introduced the project architecture to develop the similar system to IRISBUS in KRRI through National Transportation Key Technology R&D Project

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2009

The Bimodal Tram being developed in Korea is a new transit system that provides both benefits of rail and bus systems in terms of accessibility and fixed time schedule. This study accomplished a feasibility study for introducing the Bimodal Tram system by considering the travel demand and existing transit system at a city level based on its population. The feasibility of Bimodal Tram system varies depending on cities with respect to demographic scale, mode shares, and operational distances. The strategies introduced here will help any cities where transport agencies are trying to introduce the Bimodal Tram as a new transit system.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.393-409
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• 2015

Zinc and lead pollution are public environmental issues that have attracted lots of attention for a long time. Landfill leachate contains heavy metals, such as Zn(II) and Pb(II), which are usually related to the pollution of groundwater, especially in developing countries. Bentonite has been proven to be effective in enhancing the membrane property of clay, by which landfill liners can have better barrier performance towards the migration of contaminants. In this study, 5% sodium bentonite amended with locally available Fukakusa clay was utilized to evaluate the membrane behavior towards the heavy metals zinc and lead. The chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient, ${\omega}$, was obtained through Zn(II) and Pb(II) solutions with different concentrations of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 50 mM. According to the results, ${\omega}$ continually decreased as the Zn(II) and Pb(II) concentrations increased, which is consistent with the Gouy-Chapman theory. Compared to normal inorganic ions, the membrane behavior towards heavy metal ions was lower. The migration of heavy metal ions was not observed based on experimental results, which can be attributed to the adsorption or ion exchange reaction. The mechanisms of the membrane performance change were discussed with the assistance of XRD patterns, free swelling results, XRF results, and SEM images.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2001

Korea has been at the forefront of efforts to enhance international cooperation in transport and communications within Northeast Asia. This effort is driven not only by the benefits that could accrue to the Korean Peninsula but also to all nations in the region. Mutual cooperation within Northeast Asia would reduce transport and communications costs and provide the basis for a regional transport and logistics network. Before progress can be made towards an integrated transport and communications system in Northeast Asia, however, there is a need to evaluate its prospects, outline a visionary plan, and detail a preferred strategy. The strategy to develop the Korean Peninsula as the gateway for Northeast Asia should harmonize with the region's common transport (and communications) policy The strategy adopted by South Korea is focused primarily on the development of an improved logistics infrastructure that would be extended to North Korea upon reunification. The seaport and airport developments In Korea will have to be supported by improved access to planned high-speed railways, expressways and freight distribution centers that, in turn, are to be integrated with new telecommunications and computer technologies. The benefits from these improvements will be lost unless existing government monopolies controlling seaport, airport, rail, road and expressway developments are commercialized to ensure that the price of transport reflects its actual cost. Technical harmonization between different modes should be promoted to facilitate efficient intermodal transport between the Korean Peninsula and the rest of Northeast Asia.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10c
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• pp.218-220
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• 2008

Urban air quality, including carbon-dioxide emissions, and national energy security are related issues affecting the rail industry and transportation sector as a whole. They are related by the fact that (in the United States) 97-98% of the energy for the transport sector is based on oil, and more than 60% is imported. A fuelcell locomotive combines the environmental advantages of a catenary-electric locomotive with the higher overall energy efficiency and lower infrastructure costs of a diesel-electric. Catenaryelectric locomotives, when viewed as only one component of a distributed machine that includes an electricity-generating plant and transmission lines, are the least energy-efficient locomotive type. The natural fuel for a fuelcell is hydrogen, which can be produced from many renewable energies and nuclear energy, and thus a hydrogen-fuelcell locomotive will not depend on imported oil for its energy supply. This paper proposes a base models of Hybrid fuel cell/IPT railway vehicle power system, the necessary of this research.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.708-717
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• 2017

Industrial innovation in Britain, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, stimulated the introduction of the factory system and the migration of people from rural agricultural communities to urban industrial societies. The factory system brought elevated levels of economic growth to the purveyors of capitalism, but forced people to migrate into cities where working conditions in factories were, in general, harsh and brutal, and living conditions were cramped, overcrowded and unsanitary. Industrial developments, known collectively as the 'Industrial Revolution', were driven initially by the harnessing of water and steam power, and the widespread construction of rail, shipping and road networks. Parallel with these changes, came the development of purchasing 'middle class', consumers. Various technological ripples (or waves of innovative activity) continued (worldwide) up to the early-twenty-first century. Of recent note are innovations in digital technology, with associated developments, for example, in artificial intelligence, robotics, 3-D printing, materials technology, computing, energy storage, nano-technology, data storage, biotechnology, 'smart textiles' and the introduction of what has become known as 'e-commerce'. This paper identifies the more important early technological innovations, their influence on textile manufacture, distribution and consumption, and the changed role of the designer and craftsperson over the course of these technological ripples. The implications of non-ethical production, globalisation and so-called 'fast fashion' and non-sustainability of manufacture are examined, and the potential benefits and opportunities offered by new and developing forms of social media are considered. The message is that hand-crafted products are ethical, sustainable and durable.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to empirically identify the differentiating characteristics of determinant factors on sing-person households' commuting mode choice compared to multi-person households' one in order to establish the customized police directions to decrease private car use in commuting. While the study use the 2% sample survey data on the population and housing in 2015, it employ multinomial logit models on relative choice probability of such alternative commuting modes as bus, subway or rail, and walking, rather than driving. As potential determinant factors, the study employs demographic, socio-economic, and housing and residential one for both models of single-person and multi-person households. The study finds that the behavior of commuting mode choice has distinctive difference by gender, marriage status, physical activity constraint, job type, residential period in current housing of the single-person household's workers compared to the multi-person households' ones. Based on the findings, the study deduce ten commuting policy directions customized for the single-person household.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.457-465
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• 2009

Subway system including light-rail transit system is the representative public urban transportation. Accordingly, Nothing is more important than the safety operation as well as passengers' convenience. Due to the fire disaster of Daegu subway on 2003, more strict regulations of detecting fire and of conducting on emergency circumstances. However, regardless of this improved management, it was reported that installations of lots of fire-detection facilities may be harm than good to operate subway system due to frequent malfunction of some fire-detection facilities. It may cause mis-alarm for fire and induces abnormal operation of subway due to the strict regulation; the train shall be stopped on emergency circumstances. Therefore, in this paper, new scheme on surveiling breaking-out-of fire in the station is suggested with new IT technologies, Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) and CCTVs. which were integrated with an intelligent software. This intelligent system enables to surveil breaking-out-of fire in real time through sensor network technology and watch the emergency site on CCTV as well. Through this system, subway organizers could cope with the emergency circumstance rapidly as well as judge precisely whether fire breaks out or not.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.46-55
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• 2008

Maglev is a system that a train runs levitated above a rail. Therefore it is very important to maintain a constant levitation gap for achieving serviceability and ride comfort. This study is a cooperation research subject of the 3-1 subject, performance improvement of maglev track structures, of the Center for Urban Maglev Program in Korea, started in 2006. The aim of this study is development of rapid constructions of bridge superstructure for maglev. At present, precast deck is widely used because of its superiority to cast-in-place concrete on quality and the term of works. The research group suggested basic systems of maglev guideway with PSC-U type and trapezoidal open steel box type girder, and precast deck, cooperating with Korea Railroad Research Institute, the managing institute of the 3-1 subject. In this study, longitudinally full-scale guideway girder system was fabricated and static/dynamic test of the girder was performed for the purpose of the performance evaluation.