• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.161-170
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• 2009

As urban growth continues, the earth ecosystem is increasingly dependent on the patterns of urban growth. The impact intensity from urban growth is expected to change predictably with distance from the urban center. However we can't fully understand yet how urban development pattern affects urban ecosystem. In researches about urban ecosystem, it is important to relate the spatial pattern of urbanization to ecological processes. So we used gradient analysis with time data; 1980's, 1990's and 2000's. We attempted to quantify the urban spatiotemporal impacts in Daejeon-city and Cheonan-city, Korea, along a 75km long and 3km wide transect. Through the results, we found the impacts range of urbanization with urban development process of two cities. When the urban growth was concentrated on in both cities, the impacts intensity and range were much stronger and wider. As a result, in urban planning or green space planning, we have to consider suitable urban development forms with surrounding areas, and make legal clauses which limits landuse change. This quantifying the urban gradient is an important step in understanding urban ecology.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.63-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to apply the types of urban street pattern and the shape of streets to the master plan of a religious community complexes. The street pattern is a framework of urban structure and to understand the urban structure is helpful to understand the nature of urban streets. By analysing the precedent researches, the types of street patterns are classified as a serial pattern, a branching pattern, a grid pattern and a web pattern. The street patterns are hierarchically composed and classified as a differential development and sequential development. There are boundaries and gates where the street space is differentiated to the more private level. The urban streets continue to the architectural streets such as arcades, deck streets, corridors, lobbies and halls. The purposes and results of the master plan of this religious community complexes are as follows. 1) The school area, housing area and service area are properly separated and connected. They are separated by the building masses and connected by the street space in between. 2) The street pattern of this complexes is a serial pattern where the streets are the center of each functional building groups. The entry square is divided by the symbolic building. The one branch is school street and the other is living street. These streets are combined again to the festival street. 3) The architectural streets are organically related to the urban streets. 4) Each street spaces are of adequate form according to its properties as a place. 5) There are boundaries or gates such as a gab between buildings, posts, arches and deck streets according to the relationship between streets.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 2024

The purpose is to explore the meaning of the open space land use space pattern from the perspective of urban heat reduction using the land-use scenario. The employed methods are as follows: (1) to calculate the cooling capacity Index for each of five land use scenarios, using the InVEST Urban Cooling Model, (2) to calculate open space entropy & morphological spatial pattern for each land use scenario, using the Guidos Spatial Pattern Toolbox, and (3) to perform a Spearman rank correlation analysis between the InVEST and Guidos results. It is found that the rank correlation is moderate between the cooling capacity Index and the open space area ratio (rho=0.50). However, other relations are low. It is observed that only the total amount of open space is likely to have a meaning from the perspective of urban heat reduction, and that other open space location spatial patterns may not have much meaning from the perspective of urban thermal environment management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.35-51
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• 1997

The main objective of this research is to develop urban workers' daily travel pattern choice model. For this research, a hovel pattern choice model was empirically estimated by using a survey data collected from Kyongsan and Yeungchun City. For this research, a nested logit model structure was employed. For the model specification, it is hypothesized that urban workers' daily travel pattern choice behavior is represented by two stages of choices with single-destination or multi destination travel pattern choice as the higher stage, and the number of tours as the lower stage. The urban workers' daily travel pattern choice model developed in this research yields intuitively reasonable results. From the empirical results, it is found to be sensible to represent urban workers' daily travel patterns as the nested logit model structure Hypothesized in this research. furthermore, future directions of model development are suggested.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.31-43
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• 1989

The purposes of this study were to identify the overall levels of consumer problem, consumer competencies and purchase pattern of urban low-income consumers and to examine the factors affecting the consumer problem and the subareas-market environment problem(MEP) and transaction relation problem(TRP). The related factors, that is, independent variables were competencies-related factors(consumption-oriented attitude, attitude on consumerism, consumer knowledge), purchase pattern-related factors (search pattern, credit pattern, peddler pattern) and socio-demorgraphic factors(age, educational level, family size). For this purpose, a survey was conducted by interview using questionaires on 198 homemakers that lived in the poor areas of Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis were Frequency Distribution, Percentile, Mean, Pearson's Correlation, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe-test, Breakdown and Multiple Classification Analysis. Major findings were as follows: 1) In the level of consum r problem were in the middle level and the level of MEP were higher than that of TRP. The attitude on consumption-orientation was so negative, while attitude on consumerism was positive. The level of consumer knowledge was in the middle level. The urban low-income consumers searched a little and depended on credit and peddler in the low level. 2) Consumer problem perceived by urban low-income consumers differed significantly according to attitude on consumerism, credit pattern, monthly charge of peddler purchase. The MEP depended on attitude on consumerism and monthly charge of peddler purchase, and the TRP was affected by credit pattern and attitude on consumerism. Resulting from MCA, the most influencial variable was attitude on consumerism and credit pattern in the consumer problem, and attitude on consumerism in the MEP, and credit pattenr in the TRP.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

This study examines the process of urban formation in the city of Yanji. The analysis is done by the change of street pattern and major facility location in a timely manner by appling space syntax method. This research categorizes the pattern of the urban growth focused on two urban forms, street and major buildings, in the city and is offered of the meaning of the first value on interpretation of the urban growth in the city of Yanji. The result of the research are as follows. First, the period of the city transformation is divided into four stage; intuitive period, grid-iron formative period, consolidation period, and urban expansion period. Second, characteristics of each stage have been analyzed. At the first stage, the city started to frame along both buildings and streets which were placed without a plan. At the second stage, the city was planned and constructed into new grid-iron pattern ignoring existing context by Jananese colony. At the consolidation period, the road system expands from the city center toward suburban. At the last expansion period, the shape of the city has complicated its shape with complex road system. This study contributes to provide a basic analysis and data to investigate how the Yanji city has evolved over period of time. But further continuous research should be done for future urban development of the Yanji city.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2020

Urban flooding occurs in the form of internal-water inundation on roads and lowlands due to heavy rainfall. Unlike in the case of rivers, inundation in urban areas there is lacking in research on predicting and warning through measurement data. In order to analyze urban flood patterns and prevent damage, it is necessary to analyze flooding measurement data for various rainfalls. In this study, the pattern of urban flooding caused by rainfall was analyzed by utilizing the urban flooding measuring sensor, which is being test-run in the flood prone zone for urban flooding management. For analysis, 2019 rainfall data, surface water depth data, and water level data of a street inlet (storm water pipeline) were used. The analysis showed that the amount of rainfall that causes flooding in the target area was identified, and the timing of inundation varies depending on the rainfall pattern. The results of the analysis can be used as verification data for the urban inundation limit rainfall under development. In addition, by using rainfall intensity and rainfall patterns that affect the flooding, it can be used as data for establishing rainfall criteria of urban flooding and predicting that may occur in the future.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.11
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• pp.1536-1541
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• 2018

For effective electricity consumption in urban railway station such as peak load shaving, it is important to know each electrical load pattern by various usage. The total electricity consumption in the urban railway substation is already measured in Korea, but the electricity consumption for each usage is not measured. The author proposed the deep learning method to estimate the electrical load pattern for each usage in the urban railway substation with public data such as weather data. GRU (gated recurrent unit), a variation on the LSTM (long short-term memory), was used, which aims to solve the vanishing gradient problem of standard a RNN (recursive neural networks). The optimal model was found and the estimation results with that were assessed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.2039-2049
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• 2024

The radioactive pollutant could migrate to the downstream urban area under the action of atmospheric dispersion due to the turbulent mixing under actual pollution accidents. A scenario in which radioactive contaminants from the upstream (for example, a nearshore nuclear power plant accident) migrates to the downstream urban blocks have been considered in this study. Numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are then conducted to investigate the effects of the urban morphology (building packing density and layout) on the atmospheric dispersion of radioactive pollutants in this scenario. The building packing density and structure can significantly affect urban areas' mean flow pattern and the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The flow pattern and the TKE distribution influence the radioactive pollution dispersion. It is found that the radioactive pollution at the urban canyons is significantly affected by the vertical transport at the canyon. A comparison of the distributions of radioactive and traditional non-radioactive pollutants is also provided.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.616-619
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• 2007

Nowadays, urbanized area expands its boundary, and distribution of urbanized area is gradually transformed into more complicated pattern. In Korea, SMA(Seoul Metropolitan Area) has outstanding urbanized area since 1950s. But it is ambiguous whether urban distribution is clustered or dispersed. This study aims to show the way in which expansion of urbanized area impacts on spatial distribution pattern of urbanized area. We use quadrat analysis, nearest-neighbor analysis and fractal analysis to know distribution pattern of urbanized area in time-series urban growth. The quadrat analysis indicates that distribution pattern of urbanized area is clustered but the cohesion is gradually weakened. And the nearest-neighbor analysis shows that point patterns are changed that urbanized area distribution pattern is progressively changed from clustered pattern into dispersed pattern. The fractal dimension analysis shows that 1972's distribution dimension is 1.428 and 2000's dimension is 1.777. Therefore, as time goes by, the complexity of urbanized area is more increased through the years. As a result, we can show that the cohesion of the urbanized area is weakened and complicated.