• Journal of odor and indoor environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2018

The urban railway system is a convenient public transportation system, as it carries many people without increasing traffic congestion. However, air quality in urban railway environments is worse than ambient air quality due to the internal location of the source of air pollutants and the isolated space. In this paper, characteristics of particulate matter (PM) pollution in urban railway environments are described from the perspective of diurnal variation, chemical composition and source apportionment of PM. PM concentrations in concourse, platform, passenger cabin, and tunnel are summarized through an analysis of 34 journal articles published in Korea and overseas. This information will be helpful in developing effective policies to reduce PM pollution in urban railway environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.67-77
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze how much particulate matter at the center of the urban park is reduced compared to the entrance of the park, where the particulate matter problem is serious. It also endeavored to analyze the relationship between the space closure rate and particulate matter reduction rate in the center of the park through the collection and analysis of experimental data. Seven flat land type urban neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu were measured at the same place for three days. The research results are as follows. First, the center of the urban neighborhood park had an average temperature 1.05℃ lower than at the entrance and an average humidity of 2.57% higher. Second, the rate of fine dust reduction was PM1- 17.09%, PM2.5- 17.65%, PM10- 14.99%. As for the reduction rate of particulate matter, the smaller the size of the park, the greater the reduction rate. In addition, the reduction rate at the center of the park was lower on days when particulate matter concentration based on the weather reports was low. The higher the concentration at the park entrance, the higher the reduction rate was. Third, a higher the rate of space closures at the center of the park resulted in a higher effect of particulate matter reduction. Noting this, the relationship between particulate matter reduction and the space closure rate in urban neighborhood parks was clearly shown. We hope to be the basis for more extensive experimental data collection.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.569-575
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effect of forests on reducing particulate matter by investigating the particulate matter concentration and influencing factors between urban forest and traffic forest. The concentrations of particulate matter in Hongreung Experimental Forest (urban forest) and a forest (traffic forest) formed at the intersection of Cheongryangri Station in Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul were measured with the light scattering method instrument from January to November 2018. During the study period, the average PM₁₀ concentrations in the urban forest and the traffic forest were 12.5㎍/m³ and 15.7 ㎍/m³, respectively, and the average PM_2.5 concentrations were 16.6㎍/m³and 6.9 ㎍/m³, respectively. Comparing the concentration by the urban atmospheric measurement network of the Ministry of Environment and the concentration in urban forests showed that the reduction rate of PM₁₀ was 66.9±28.6% in urbanforest and 58.6±44.1% in traffic forest and that of PM_2.5 was 71.3±23.0% and 64.9±31.3%. The difference in the reduction rate of particulate matter is likely related to the size and structure of the urban forest, and the wind velocity is considered the reduction factor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Urbanization and industrialization associated with rapid economic development have resulted in air pollution in urban areas, which adversely affects human health and the environment around the world. Growing awareness of the health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) has led to the emergence of urban greening as a promising eco-friendly, nature-based solution to reduce the concentration of PM (especially PM_2.5) to which individuals are exposed, thereby promoting public health. In this review, we highlight fundamental insights about PM and recent research on the ability of urban greening to capture PM. Reports from the scientific literature on PM published from 1992 to 2021 were retrieved from Google Scholar. Here, we explore some of the main complex relationships between leaf traits and the ability to retain PM for research or management to optimize greenspaces.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.326-332
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• 2017

$SF_6$ (sulfur hexafluoride) gas has an extremely high global warming potential (GWP). Therefore, there has been an effort to reduce of $SF_6$ its emission into atmosphere. In this study, $SF_6$ was injected into the plasma reactor directly, decomposed particulate matter of $SF_6$ was analyzed. Destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of $SF_6$ were tested with varying degrees of plasma power and initial concentrations of $SF_6$ (1,000 ppm). This study is conducted with plasma power which are 4.4 kW, 5.5 kW, 6.0 kW, 6.6 kW, 7.6 kW, 8.1 kW and 9.1 kW. It was confirmed through experiment that the decomposition efficiency of $SF_6$ is 100% at 7.6 kW of the plasma power. In addition, the particulate matter is formed as minute particles of which size is $1{\mu}m$ and the main component of particulate matter is identified as $AlF_3$.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.377-387
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• 2021

Background and objective: To improve air quality, particulate matter (PM) can be reduced using green infrastructure. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the particulate matter reduction potential of climbing plants used for green walls, an element of vertical green infrastructure. Methods: A sealed chamber with controlled environmental variables was used to assess the PM reduction level caused by climbing plants. PM concentration in the plant chamber was measured after two and four hours of PM exposure, and the reduction potential was assessed based on the leaf area. Results: Compared to the empty chamber (Control), the PM reduction speed per hour was higher in the plant chamber, which confirmed that climbing plants contribute to the reduction of PM in the air. The PM reduction speed immediately after exposure in the plant chamber was high, but this slowed over time. Additionally, PM has been continuously reduced in plants with large leaves. As a result of calculating the particulate matter reduction level based on leaf area, it was found that there was a difference by particle size. Actinidia arguta, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Trachelospermum asiaticum, and Euonymus fortunei var. radicans showed a high reduction effect. The trichomes on the leaf surface of Trachelospermum asiaticum were found to affect PM reduction. Conclusion: PM adsorption on the leaf surface is an important factor in reducing its concentration. It was possible to compare different plants by quantifying the amount of PM reduction during a fixed time period. These results can be used as the basic data to select the plant species suitable for urban green walls in terms of PM reduction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.153-153
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• 2003

It has been reported that exposure to particulate matter is linked to increase lung cancer risk. Recently it is confirmed that diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP), which derives from diesel powered vehicles, is contributed as a major pollutant in urban air-borne particulate matter.(omitted)

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 1986

For identification and apportionment of sources emitting particulate matters in environment, the multi-elemental characterization of size-density fractionated particulate matters was carried out. Eight types of samples were tested; soil, flyash released from burning of bunker-Coil, diesel oil, coal, and soft coal, urban road-way dust, urban dust fall, and airborne particulate matter. The fractions of particulate matters obtained by heavy liquid separation methos with a series of dichloromethane-bromoform were then analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Ni, Cr, Cu, An, Fe, Al, and Mg. Each sample showed a different concentration profile as a function of density, and a number of useful conclusions concerning characterization of elemental distribution were obtained. From the density distributions of elements in soil, the maximum value was found for all elements in the density range of 2.2 $\sim 2.9g.cm^{-3}$, including the density of $SiO_2$. However, the distribution of metallic compounds with the density lower than $2.2g.cm^{-3}$ was prevalent in urban roadway dust, urban dust fall, and airborne particulate matter. And the density distribution curves of these urban dusts also have the higher distribution at the density of 2.2 - 2.9g.cm^{-3}$, including the density of wind-blown silica. This tendency generally was prevalent in the natural source elements, such as Al, Fe, Mn, and Mg. The maximum values were found in the density ranges of 1.3 $\sim 2.2g.cm^{-3}$ from the density distribution of elements in oil fired flyash. These distributions of anthropogenic source elements, such as Zn, Ni, Cu, and Cr were higher predominately than those of natural source elements. And the higher distribution was found in the density range of $2.2 \sim 2.9g.cm^{-3}$ from the density distribution of elements in coal and soft-coal fired flyash. These distributions showed similar patterns to soil. But anthropogenic source elements somewhat predominated at the density ranges of $1.3 \sim 2.2g.cm{-3} and 2.9g.cm^{-3}$ to soil. Therefore the higher distribution of anthropogenic source elements in the density ranges of $1.3 \sim 2.2g.cm^{-3} and 2.9g.cm^{-3}$ was considered as anthropogenic origin.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 2021

Particulate matter(PM) is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Recognizing its considerable risk to human health, people change their behaviors when a concentration level of PM is high. The impact of particulate matter on urban activities may vary depending on the lasting days of PM and PM matter alerts. In addition, the level of averting behavior may vary depending on the types and physical characteristics of urban activities and the degree of vulnerability to PM among people. Although the way people respond to PM may vary depending on these various factors, previous research evidence on this is very insufficient. Therefore, this study multilaterally analyzed the impact of PM on the urban activities in Jongno-gu, one of the CBD areas of Seoul. For this, we linked SKT's mobile phone signal data to land use data to extract the daily number of active people by urban activity types and ages. According to multiple regression analysis, the averting behavior varies depending on the type of urban activity, the physical characteristics of the place of activity(inside and outdoor), the lasting days of PM, PM alerts and the age of people. The results of this study can be used as basic data to policy makers who establish policies for adapting to air pollution policies by providing various effects of PM on the urban activities.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 2015

The purpose of this study were to sample particulate matter and analyze its elements and microorganisms for secondary school science project. The particulate matter was sampled on the rooftop a four-store building at a university in Chungju province. A simplified capturing system was developed with the parts, motor-pump, innet, $1.0{\mu}m$ teflon filter, filter-holder, etc. Using the system, this study had sampled particulate matter during Dec., 2013-Jun., 2014. Then, this study analyzed the elements and microorganisms of the sampled particulate matter. Results have been shown that the particulate matter derived China urban area is mainly consisted of the artificial pollutant, such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb. In addition, this study has been shown that microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, are included in the particulate matter. Therefore, this study suggests a new systemic investigation and monitoring about the particulate matter, specially originated from China. Also, this study provides a sample for secondary school science experiment.