• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-40
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• 1999

This study attempts to analyze the relationship between various job-related factors and the intent to turnover of employees working at different types of hospitals/clinics in urban and rural areas. The data was compiled from 1,506 employees in 21 hospitals and 10 clinics located in Kyung-gi Do. Korea, using a self-administered questionnaire. Major findings are as follows: 1) The intent to turnover was higher for the employees of small hospitals located in rural areas. It was also higher when the employees were less than 30 in age, female, single, had not received college education, and had worked for 2-5 years in their hospitals. 2) An important factor affecting the intent to turnover was job satisfaction, which in turn had a strong correlation with the job itself(opportunity of utilizing abilities and skills, subjective value attached to the current job, sense of accomplishment) and had a rather weak correlation with salary, supervision, promotion and co-worker relationship. 3) In the analysis by job category, it was found that, besides job satisfaction, the intent to turnover was significantly affected by the job itself in case of administrative personnel and by the level of salary in case of nurses. 4) For a successful management of turnover, hospitals need to develop (a) programs for improving adaptive abilities of 'new' employees(who have worked for less than 2 years), and (b) for the other employees(who have worked for more than 2 years), strategies for enhancing job satisfaction by providing the environment where they can show their maximum abilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3276-3283
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether some socio-economic characteristics affect the service users' perception on the change of social condition in healthcare services. The research target for this study was fixed on the sample members in national sample design and the data of this study was used 37,648 effective samples collecting using Probability Proportional to Size. The results of this study using the causal relationships model are as follows: The variables including type of female, age, years of schooling show positive signs on the service users' perception on the social condition change of healthcare. And the variables including household income, temporary worker, casual worker, urban residents show negative signs on the service users' perception on the social condition change of healthcare. In conclusion, the socio-economic characteristics affect the service users' perception on the social condition change of healthcare. And the service user's perception on the social condition change of healthcare was affected positively on the beneficiary side.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 1998

In this study, the food cost for the urban worker's living expenses was estimated for the Korea Labor Union. The urban workers living expenses are minimum of healthy and decency level expenses with allowances for minimum quality of life. Thus, the food cost should be enough for purchasing proper kinds and amount of foods which can supply sufficient nutrient to maintain health and which should reflect current food consumption patterns. To estimate the food cost, the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances was used to calculate the amount of nutrients which should be supplied. The National nutrition survey and the Food balance sheet, were used to estimate the current consumption patterns for the kind and amount of food. To estimate price for each food item, the market survey was executed in six large cities. Also, to verify the estimated food cost, actual food costs were surveyed. For 5 kinds of model household, dietary allowances were calculated for the each nutrient. Using the Korean food guides, the number of serving for each food group were decided for the model households. In each food group, the amount and kind of foods were decided by the current food consumption pattern. The kind and amount of food were adjusted by the amount of calculated nutrient. When the amount of nutrient was between 90% and 110% of the recommended dietary intake, it was accepted. With these amount and kinds of foods, the food cost were calculated using the market survey. Considering extra expenses for the eating-out and processed foods, extra expenses are added. As a results, for single person family, the estimated food cost was 149,210won per month. For two, three, four and five person family, the estimated food costs were 245,179won, 381,182won, 501,669won and 687,980won per month, respectively. The estimated food cost were lower in the single and two person family than the actual food cost by the survey. The cost for eating-out gave major differences. In the future, to estimate food cost, the food consumption patterns for the different kind of household, sex and age should be studied carefully. Also, the pattern of eating-out should by analyzed.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2006

The objective of this study were to explore rural adults' awareness of marriage. The data were collected from 369 adults 20 aged and over living in the rural and analysed by marital status and sex, using SPSS/win program. The major finding of this study were as follows; 1) In the mate selection, rural adults valued personality(41.9%) above everything else without difference in sex or marital status. However, while most of unmarried women preferred white collar worker, educated in the college and over, and $1{\sim}4$ older than them, most of married and unmarried men preferred housewives, educated in the high school, and $3{\sim}4$ younger than them. Also, women wanted to live in the urban after the marriage. 2) In connection with wedding ceremony, most of rural adults preferred modern wedding ceremony, appropriately within their circumstance, and general ceremony hall except the unmarried women. 3) Only 45.9% of unmarried women agreed to marriage compared to 74.5% of unmarried men. The unmarried, especially unmarried women, liked more than the married to love marriage. 4) Rural women have more modern attitude toward the marriage than rural men.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 1990

The structural change of occupational composition with the coming of post-industrial society is most evidently observed in the developed country. Specially representative of social changes is the emergence of new occupational sectors, such as the so-called quaternary and quinary sectors, which are based on the use of information technology and managerial skills. The paper raises the question of how and in what this chage of occupational components in a mtro area affects the existing residential structure over the period. In order to extend the discussion of the question, the related hypothetical statements on urban spatial impact due to transformation of the society have xtnsively considered and identified a possible multicenter structure concentration and deconcentration of new jobs and population over the metro area. For further examination, the renowned high tech city of Minneaplis -St. Paul has been selected and the occupational labour forces data for 1960 and 1980 analyzed. As a whole, this area has experienced a dispersal and reconcentration of population in new patterns which have resulted from changes in the occupational structure. In particular, the residential area of white-coller workers(the quaternary / quinary or information workers) has expanded into the city from a suburban core area. In this process, a large proportion of the manual-worker's residential areas in the central city either disappeared or diminished. Consequently, other isolated centers created by the manualworker residents are emerging in both the central city and suburbs. Thus, the development of mulitple centers or cores based on the distribution of occupational characteristics can be considered as a typical ongoing pattern of metro areas in the Unite States.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

The justice of the house for rural life all the member Iran meaning namely, 'countries or the suburb' a possibility of calling attaches the house in the intention which is and as the country or suburban house there is. The house for rural life from 19 end of a century Great Britain inferiorly becomes complements the problem points of urban setting the opinion which sees the garden city which appears in the link for with the era is general in the Industrial Revolution. Therefore most the dwelling environment which is comfortable selects the site becomes the important element. Our country case in order to send a holiday season weekend from wealthy class of past decimal or the weekend house which builds, is generalized with the recent economic improvement where the form of villa etc. forms a mainstream but. From the research which sees consequently examines a plan about week life after retiring of the city workers and dwells investigates the contents which is concrete from the family with there is the goal provides a hereafter house for rural life plan at the time of fundamental data in the farming and fishing villages area.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.190-196
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is analyze to characteristics and research trend of geographic information system as reviewing research trend of KAGIS (Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies) journals published from 2001 to 2007. Also, 358 articles have been published and characteristic of a contributor attribute and research categories were analyzed. Professor and the research 94% hold and the contribution ratio of the relation enterprise worker appeared with the low. The results of this study will be useful for guidelines to establish NGIS and strategies.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.457-468
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• 2016

Traffic-related air pollutants and particulates from diesel exhaust cause for increasing respiratory health problem. Recent epidemiologic studies have reported adverse effects of urban air pollution on various aspects of respiratory health. Bus or truck terminal workers have high probability of exposure to diesel exhaust particle than general office worker. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between pulmonary function of people who working at the high-density area of diesel vehicles and pulmonary function of people who working at general office in Seoul. So, this study explored the effects on people with exposure to diesel traffic or exposure to diesel traffic, through the pulmonary function test (PFT). There were significant difference in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) between high-exposure group and control. High-exposure to diesel particle were increased risk of reduction in pulmonary function in this study. These results provide the necessity additional research that manage people who working at the high-density area of diesel vehicles.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.170-177
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• 1996

신체의 활력을 측정하는 혈압은 다른 어느 측정치보다 변동이 심하고 정상적으로 변할 수 있는 생리적 현상이어서 정확하게 측정하기란 쉽지 않다. 1mmHg 차이의 혈압일지라도, 특히 큰 집단일 경우, 연구목적에서 그 결과를 크게 왜곡 시킬 수 있다. (Wright & dore, 1970). 혈압 측정에는 직접적 방법과 간접적 방법이 있다. 이 중 간접적 방법은 임상분야와 연구분야에서 실제로 넓게 사용되고 있을 분만 아니라 신체로의 직접적 침투하는 방법도 아니고 가격 또한 비싸지 않다. 그러나, 간접적 측정 방법은 혈압에 영향을 끼치는 많은 요인들인 관찰자 편견, 확장기음의 청취음 선택, 관찰자와 환자 사이의 상호관계 때문에 방법론적으로 문제제기가 되기도 한다. 이런 요인을 최소화하기 위하여 가장 타당도가 높은 측정도구의 선택이 필요하다. 도시지역의(Ease Baltimore) 고혈압을 가진 젊은 흑인 남성(연령별/성별/종속별/거주지역) 중 수축기 혈압이 140mmHg 이고 확장기 혈압이 90mmHg인 사람, 또는 확장기 혈압이 90mmHg인 사람, 또는 혈압하강제를 먹고 있는 사람 200명을 대상으로 훈련받은 community health worker(CHW)에 의해 Random-Zero Sphygmdmanometer(RZS)와 Digit Automatic Device(DAD)로 혈압을 측정하게 하였다. 이 중 36명을 무작위 추출하여 regular Mercury Sphygmdmanometer (RMS)로 혈압을 측정하게 했다. Bland 와 Altman에 의해 제기된 두측정값의 차이에 대한 scattergram(일치도 검증법)과 AAMI(Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrument) 기준, BHS 기준, Central Tendency와 숫자선호도로 검증되었다. AAMI와 BHS 기준에 의하면 확장기 혈압에서 RZS와 DAD의 일치도와 평균을 중심으로 더 넓게 퍼져있어 낮은 일치도를 보였으며 또 DAD와 RMS의 혈압치는 숫자 선호도를 볼 수 있는데 특히 RMS는 더 뚜렷하게 나타났는데 확장기 혈압의 최빈치(30.6)는 100mmHg이었다. 혈압치들이 가장 가까이 "0"점으로 치우쳐져 있었다. RZS의 Central tendency는 DAD와 RMS보다 뚜렷하였다. 결론적으로 RZS는 이 연구목적으로 가장 적절함을 보여준다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2022

Recently, consumers who prefer contactless consumption are increasing due to pandemic trends such as Corona 19. This is the driving force for developing the last mile-based logistics ecosystem centered on the online e-commerce market. Lastmile led to the continued development of the logistics industry, but increased the amount of cargo in urban area, and caused social problems such as overcrowding of logistics. The courier service in the logistics base area utilizes the process of visiting the delivery site directly because the courier must precede the loading work of the cargo in the truck for the delivery of the ordered product. Currently, it's carried out as automated logistics equipment such as conveyor belt in unloading or classification stage, but the automation system isn't applied, so the work efficiency is decreasing and the intensity of the courier worker's labor is increased. In particular, small-scale courier workers belonging to the sub-terminal unload at night at underdeveloped facilities outside the city center. Therefore, the productivity of the work is lowered and the risk of safety accidents is exposed, so robot-based loading technology is needed. In this paper, we have derived the top-level concept and requirements of robot-based loading system to increase the flexibility of logistics processing and to ensure the safety of courier drivers. We defined algorithms and motion concepts to increase the cargo loading efficiency of logistics sub-terminals through the requirements of end effector technology, which is important among concepts. Finally, the control technique was proposed to determine and position the load for design input development of the automatic conveyor system.