• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.372-380
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• 2012

This study investigates the examples of memorials in which participants can communicate and interact. Memorials as an urban public space provide various information and experiences to the visitors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of participants' experience and the characteristics of memorial space. The 9 examples of the memorials are selected and analyzed by the experience type of participants. This study summarizes the characteristics of spatial representation of memorials as follow; first, the interactions and communications of participants are main considerations in designing memorials. This study defines three types of participants' experience in memorials as educational, emotional and daily urban experiences. Second, the memorial space providing educational experience has narrative characteristics which are explanatory, representational, hierarchical and figurative. Memorials represent historical events and individuals in figurative ways. Participants in memorials learn the event, mourn for the dead and cure the grief through walking the guided route. Third, the memorial space providing emotional experience is indeterminate and open-ended characteristics which are contemplative, symbolic, and abstractive. While participants try to find the way to walk through and understand the meaning of the abstract forms by themselves, they interface the event and the victims in private and individual ways. Fourth, the memorial space providing daily urban experience is the familiar urban facilities embedded remembrance such as memorial square, bridge and fountain. Symbolism of memorials and effectiveness of urban facilities are engaged into the memorial design. They have functional, participatory, interactive and recreational characteristics. People experience the memorials involuntarily and casually during their daily lives. The memorials with urban facilities can be related to the present and the future of the city as well as the past of the city.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2019

After decades of high-speed development, designing tall buildings as critical components of urban habitat, rather than simply standing aloof from their environments, has become an important concern in many Asian cities. Nevertheless, the lack of quantitative understanding cannot support efficient architectural design or urban renewal that targets better place-making. This study attempts to fill the gap by providing a typological approach for measuring the social impact of tall buildings' ground conditions: that is, public space, podiums, and interfaces. The central business districts (CBD) of three Asian cities, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore, were selected as cases. Typical patterns and categories of lower-level public spaces among the three CBDs were abstracted via typological analyses and field study. The following evaluation is achieved through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This quantified approach helps to provide a visualization of high or low positive social impacts of tall buildings' lower-level public spaces among the three cases. This study also helps to suggest a design code for tall buildings aimed at a more human-oriented urban habitat.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to actualize the planning method of the Mixed-use Housing. Enter in 2000 years, contruction of Mixed-use Housing is rapidly increasing with acrovill and tower palace as its starting point. Mixed-use Housing is topology that mix function of residential and business and commercial facilities by kind of mixed-use development. And, Mixed-use Housing which is located in busy urban commercial strict should meet the demand not only as functional city. And it is a type of urban housing that located in busy urban commercial district demands function of residential. As for locational situation and types of public space researched and analyzed in this thesis, those space were left alone with short analyzation on main consumers level as well as short recognition of public space for all of the six combined facilities of dewelling and commercing

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.115-124
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• 2005

Fast developing digital technology is Having an enormous societal influence, creating a porous new world without boundaries. This phenomenon applies to a whole range of fields, including culture, politics and even our daily lives. Urban Street cannot be excluded from this world-transforming change. Digital technology is changing the physical structure, growing patterns, function and role of the Urban Street. As a result, Urban Street should now be freeing themselves from the old-world functionalism, which has been pursued uniformly under the names of rationality and efficiency. We have, then, to think about the culture of the Digital Urban Street,'that is, the digital life style, which is tangibly generated in the concrete city space, and which must be prepared for further digitalization. This paper argues that the street must be understood as a communications centre, because digital technology has created a new communications style. Also, this paper focuses on how the physical environment of Urban Street will evolve with regard to both function and appearance. In conclusion, studying the ubiquitous space, it also looks at how existing urban planning and space design should lead to the further development of Urban Street using digital technology, as well as to the role this technology will have in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2013

Today's urban spaces require diverse functions according to segmented social changes. Urban public space needs to be a field of mutual exchange, respect of diversity, and communication. According to these needs, an identity which reaches the public should be developed and realized. Therefore, this study is to present indexes for evaluating public space as a means to improve urban identity along with developing an awareness of possible problems. For this purpose, this study found out and analysed factors of evaluation indexes for the most fundamental public spaces which form cities in order to develop directions for deciding on indexes for public space and activation of that public space. An empirical analysis was conducted with the use of a questionnaire with evaluation indexes, reliability, and validity of properties of the space to be analysed and the evaluation items were tested. Based on the results, the study compared and analysed the differences between groups with independent variables (evaluation indexes) and general characteristics through a t-test. As a result, it was discovered that easy and safe accessibility in the use of urban parks as public space was statistically significant. Such results show that accessibility is the most significant factor in the use of parks.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.95-108
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze and to grasp Peter Calthorpe's urbanism through the process that is compared with various developments of urban design field for the preservation of global environment. From this study, Peter Calthorpe's urbanism for global environment is comprehended according to design stages. As a design goal, He seeks a green urbanism that puts emphasis on land use and transportation. As a urban planning, he devises urban footprint for the tool of evaluation and urban planning, and proposes five place types toward mixed-use development, and advocates Transect for eco-friendly land use. As a urban design, he devises urban network model for transportation network based on accessibility, and devises TOD and TOC model for preventing urban sprawl and mitigating carbon emissions, and advocates TND model for pedestrian-friendly space and community life. He makes importance of urban design. Because he thinks that integrative solution is required to global environment and urban design of integrative characteristic is suitable to preserve global environment. The results of this study are summarized as the followings: First, type classification of urbanism for the preservation of global environment and grasping purposes, methods, characteristics according to the types. Second, grasping characteristics and location of Peter Calthorpe's urbanism as a green urbanism. Third, proposing the direction of improvement for our urban planning and design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.182-189
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• 1998

The existential space concept which introduced the sense of place that began emerging recently together with the change of space concept results from people's fundamental existential humane aspect as the subject of perceptive experience. The tendencies of enlargement layering and diversification which we can see in contemporary architecture imply the possibility that elements of urban image can be incorporated into interior design. This study utilizes Kevin Lynch's theory which tries to relate environment to existential space. In this study we re-analyze and apply Lynch's $\ulcorner$the Theory of Urban Image$\lrcorner$to interior space and using the conclusion from a case study examine the applicability of the theory about visual perception to interior design. This study considers a new method of analysis to perceive and grasp interior space through the understanding of the cognitive map and image concept.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

As a basic study to analyze the relative importance of external space in urban development projects, this study selects evaluation indicators for external space planning and then analyzes systematic external space planning through expert surveys. The scope of the study is to examine the criteria of evaluation items for external space derived from existing studies and to suggest the importance and priority of evaluation items. As a research method, we reviewed the legal and research literature on landscape planning and external space-related guidelines, and conducted a primary review of external space planning evaluation items analyzed by questionnaire. The reviewed items were again reviewed and selected through expert group discussions (FGI). The selected evaluation items were surveyed by expert groups and analyzed in depth using the hierarchical analysis method (AHP). Looking at the relative importance of the calculated sub-items, among the 17 sub-items, 'planning open space' (.096) is the largest, followed by 'pedestrianization' (.082), 'linking with adjacent buildings, streets, parks, and green areas' (.077), 'securing public space through various planning techniques such as linking with pedestrian paths' (.066), 'Plan the placement, form, and scale of buildings in consideration of the identity of the destination' (.065), 'Plan buildings, streets, parks, and green spaces in an integrated and holistic manner' (.065), 'Harmonize with the surrounding environment (landscape)' (.063), 'Harmonize with surrounding buildings and apply landscape planning in urban planning' (.063), 'Entrances and lower floors of buildings are planned as parks for users and pedestrians' (.060), 'Preserve and expand green areas and establish maintenance plans for urban greening' (.054), 'Form the basis for a comfortable life for urban residents by providing long-term development directions' (.047), 'Activate community activities and plan pedestrian environments and streetscapes considering human scale' (.047), 'Establish and propose basic directions for urban greening' (.046), 'Plan buildings, streets, parks, and green areas considering the hierarchy and characteristics of the landscape structure' (.045), 'Plan for integrated land use' (.045), 'Create green axes in connection without cutting them due to development activities' (.044), and 'Apply barrier free design' (.034).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to propose cognitive ecological effects of fractal patterns in space design. This study investigated the perception and cognition problems regarding landscape patterns showing fractal properties from the cognitive perspective instead of the traditional speculative approach. In particular, the researcher has verified that fractal geometry theory and fractal pattern concept provide insight in space aesthetic values and cognitive effects. Research results are as follows. First, most environmentally-friendly fractal urban forms provide cognitive connectivity. In particular, this space provides a positive emotional response and preference to humans and displays self-organized complexity. This study found that such complexity of space form has characteristics corresponding to parallel cognitive structures of the human brain. Simultaneously, the researcher suggests that the fractal landscape pattern is an alternative for stiff and homogenized modern space. Second, fractal patterns provide hierarchical connectivity within the brain through continuous difference and repetition. In particular, self-similarities of fractal patterns administer significant visual grouping and coherence in human perception. It can be determined whether scaling coherence facilitates easier organization in cognitive organization. Third, fractal patterns in space design provide the basic method for achieving the connection between concept, construction, and urban factors. As a result, the researcher has suggested that scale distribution of geometrical factors, such as fractal patterns, an be a design method to connect various space typologies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2004

By Article two of a Japanese urban park low, it prescribes park facilities strictly, and one of the classifications includes 'path and plaza'. In addition, it is assumed that we divide several kinds different paths of width by size of the park in a path design of a park with a textbook of park design in a trunk line path, the main path, a vice-path or a branch path and design it. From such a thing, in the path of an urban park, a line consists straight of fixed width, and it is most that one pattern is considered to be. Therefore, in modem urban park, a path and division of a plaza are lucid explanation. It is rare that the historical parks which generally former daimyo gardens are shown later, and is used as a kind of an urban park width of the path where was particularly posted in a strolling garden in that is fixed, and width waits straight for even a line and waits, and, for this, there is. As a result, it is a path and the situation that are hard to be distinguished of a plaza. Although there are a difference of design and a difference of pavement materials in modem landscape space when We watch road surface constitution of the path that We did that will let you wait, in gross We are uniform, and it is it with a result to be poor in change nature. From such an observation, this consideration compared traditional landscape space and modem landscape space with path width about two points of road surface constitution through the trial that a graph analyzed the actual place data which measured into and lectured on an ideal method of a park path from this.