• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of floor area ratio incentive system for Long-life housing certification system by simulation of five recently built apartment complexes. Apartments that are certified as superior in Long-life housing can receive 10% of the floor are incentive in Seoul. However, the difference between base and permitted floor area ratio are in general residential area of class 2 and 3 is not more than 20%. limit of feasible allowance incentive is limited. Even if there is an unrealized permitted floor area ratio, there is no reason to apply the Long-life housing certification system preferentially. Because the items of the floor area ratio incentive provided by the District Unit Plan are various, it shows that the floor space ratio incentive for Long-life housing certification system has little effectiveness. To enhance the feasibility of incentives for the Long-life housing certification system, improvement in the urban planning level, including district unit planning, including the design criteria for apartments in Seoul, is needed.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2004

Chilgok District is a historical area, which has had a certain amount of development. It has its own regional characteristics originating from its isolation from the existing built up area of Daegu City by the Kumho River This study explores the historical development processes and pending development issues of Chilgok District. In 1640 after the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592, the district upgraded into Chilgok Dohobu due to its importance as a transportation hub of Youngnamdaero(the main road of Youngnam province in Chosun Dynasty). In its early stages, the government office was located in Kasan fortress, later the of office was moved to Eupnae-Dong. The Chilgok district has experienced a developmental lag resulting from the office's removal to Waegwan, located on the Kyungbu railroad since 1914. Later, due to the increasing influence of nearby Daegu City, urbanization continued gradually. Finally in 1981 Chilgok district was officially incorporated into Daegu Metropolitan City. In the later 1980s, the housing land development project was applied into the district centered on the alluvial plain of Palgeo-Cheon(stream) of the Northern part of Taejun-Bridge. Although the old built up zone was excluded from public sector development projects, private sector development has made the zone a modern town. Now, Chilgok district has transformed into a high-density residential new town in which high-rise apartment complexes mingle with numerous houses. As the district has developed, traffic jams have become a hot issue and it is going to get worse than now as the development continues. To solve this problem, Daegu city needs to swiftly construct the fourth belt way and the third subway line.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

The height provisions, by the urban planning, describe the hightest height per width division, also define oblique line limitation by road without mentioning the highest per width division. Therefore this study will be a basic model for the standard of measuring the highest height per width division analysizing the propriety of current standard of oblique limitation. This technique is prepared to prevent the confusion and to complements the existing planning method. Therefore, it takes more time to establish this new method and to apply it to the existing condition. This study reviewed density control in District Units Plan, based on the guidelines of density, which included height, ratio of total floor to ground area, and land distribution. This study aims to provide efficient analysis by using current oblique limitation provisions Thus, proving the area rations of general residential areas are decreasing. Since the purpose of the District Units Plan is to avoid confusion and help ease the existing problematic conditions which have risen from the two above-mentioned conventional systems, further observation and research on these areas are necessary.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2003

In order 새 investigate the spatial and seasonal variations of heavy metal pollution in heavily industrialized urban area, urban roadside sediments were collected for five years from gully pots in Seoul City. A series of studies have been carried out concerning the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments in order to evaluate the contamination of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Roadside sediments and uncontaminated stream sediments were analyzed for total metal concentrations using acid extraction. The roadside sediments are characterized by very high concentrations of Zn (2,665.0$\pm$1,815.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), Cu (445.6$\pm$708.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), Pb (214.3$\pm$147.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and Cr (182.1$\pm$268.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), indicating an artificial accumulation of these metals to the sediment chemistry. Comparing with average contents of uncontaminated stream sediments, roadside sediments were shown zinc 14 times (up to 64.4), copper 9 times (up to 181.7), lead 6 times (up to 63.7), cobalt 6 times (up to 168.7), nickel 4 times (up to 98.4), cadmium 2 times (up to 12.8) and chrome 2 times (up to 40.2) high content. The relative degree of heavy metal pollution for roadside sediments collected from each district in Seoul City is evaluated using the “geoaccumulation index”. As a result, heavy-metal contamination is highest centering the oldest residential district and industry area, and contamination level decreases as go to outer block of the city. The factor analysis results indicate that the levels of Cu, Ni, Fe and Cr are strongly related to numbers of factories, whereas the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Cd dependant on pollution index, indicating artificial contamination due to site-specific traffic density.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.376-378
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• 2011

Hamburg is going with the HafenCity Project to create new urban space for city's bustling central district. HafenCity will add an additional 155 hectares to Hamburg's central urban area, increasing its total area by some 40 percent. The new developments in HafenCity will be oriented towards the River Elbe and the great seaport. Its centre will have a close relation to water. They will be used for the construction of a fascinating mix of residential accommodation, offices, cultural and leisure amenities, retail facilities and restaurants set in a framework of an elaborate urban layout. This study is focusing on the purpose of the project goals, the task of the Hamburg authorities and GHS (Gesells chaft f$\ddot{u}$r Hafen und Standortentwicklung) and an urban planning ideas competition (draft masterplan). Regarding of the new trend of the reurbanisation in Europe, the aim of this study will be to find out, in which way Hafencity is trying to develope the new city district as a model for the European inner city of the 21st century.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.539-550
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• 2011

Hamburg is going with the HafenCity Project to create a new urban space for the city's bustling central district. HafenCity will add an additional 155 hectares to Hamburg's central urban area, increasing it's total area by some 40 percent. The qualities of the HafenCity are mainly marked through the location at the water, the river Elbe and the historically embossed milieu the Speicherstadt. A tightly mix of residential accommodation, offices, cultural and leisure amenities, retail facilities and restaurants manages diverse identities of quarters in a framework of an elaborate urban layout. This study is focusing on the purpose of the project goals, the task of the Hamburg authorities and GHS (Gesellschaft fur Hafen und Standortentwicklung) and an urban planning ideas competition (draft masterplan). Regarding of the new trend of the reurbanisation in Europe, the aim of this study is to find out, in which way HafenCity is trying to develope the new city district as a model for the European port city of the 21st century.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find out distributional principles of the shop-houses in residential district through physical composition of residential area. Through the research that are based on literature and field survey, it analysed the relation between physical composition of residential area and the shop-houses of selected four sites under similar urban condition where land readjustment project were held. The consequences of this study are summarized as follows; 1) A road that is not penetrating the inside a residential area is seemed to have low occupancy of shops comparing to other roads with similar hierarchy. And the shops functions as convenience facilities. It can be inferred from the statement above that even a road with higher hierarchy is not easy to form commercial area if without penetrating the residential area. 2) According to the size and the arranged method of Inner blocks of residential area towards major roads, distribution of shop-houses appear to be different. In other words, when shop-houses are located along the roads, the proportion of shop was higher than when located perpendicular to the roads. 3) When the number of average lots are little and the size of block is small, usually, street ratio and the number of corners gets higher, which eventually increases the number of shop-houses.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.109-117
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• 2019

Since 'Hanok Expanse Support' has been started in Seoul, its target was expanded from renovation to new construction and from 'Hanok District' to all area in Seoul. The newly built hanok with Hanok Expanse Support had to follow the standards about the form of the hanok and adapt to modern lifestyle. However, the newly built hanok were planned with 'kan' since it retained the traditional wooden structure. So their composition of kan were considered to be influenced by the standards of each district and modern lifestyle. Therefore the aim of this study is to understand the architectural characteristics of newly built hanok in Seoul since 2000 focusing on the kan composition. Because of the differences in site conditions and the district unit plan, newly built hanok in Hanok District have more limited changes than Other District. However, kan is composed variously in horizontal and vertical ways to make the most space according to site conditions and most of the newly built hanok have opened courtyard rather than closed courtyard layout. With kan composition in various directions and kan added under the eaves, kan is highlighted in form. On the other hand, the composition of kan as an interior spatial element has changed and weakened because the lifestyle has changed compared to the traditional hanok and the 20th century urban hanok. Also the regular kan composition of Mom-chae and Nalgae-chae has changed. And kan is divided regardless to the wooden structure. Also, with the added kan under the eaves the main kan is dismantled inside. This paper indicates that although there is an undeniable premise that the case is restricted to hanok received Hanok Expanse Support on the condition of following the standards of the form of hanok, it is a part of the transitional changes that hanok is experiencing.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.17-27
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• 2016

In order to solve the problem of how to estimate the residential segregation, the Spatial Concentration Index(SCI) and Location quotient(LQ) are able to be one of alternative methods, and a comprehensive analysis of the residential segregation phenomenon in the seoul metropolitan area is the aim of the study. The results of SCI show that residential concentration areas in low-rent are some Gyeonggi-do's downtown(Bucheon-si, Suwon-si) as well as rural and urban-rural complex outskirts of the metropolitan area. The results of changing of SCI from 2011 to 2014, downward changes appeared thirteen districts and upward changes appeared fourteen districts. Especially downward change district was Sosa-gu, Bucheon-si and upward change district was Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si. In conclusion, that high rent level groups are more concentration on specific area than low rent level groups. By decreasing residential concentration districts in low-rent level group, 'diversity' districts have been increasing in seoul metropolitan but the phenomenon of residential concentration in high and low level group have been being intensified. These results could be confirmed by quantitative through LQ. Methodologically LQ would strengthen the explanatory power of SCI, and ongoing research of SCI in conjunction with other quantitative methods will need.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.21-32
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• 2011

The district units planning suggests not only detailed standards of building as parts of the whole plan in the district but also a guideline of the arrangement, shape and pavement of the public open space, in order to move away from the rigid image of an institution which causes the formal creation of it. This triggered various problems. While the basic plan for adjustment of urban environments(established in 2005) was being reorganized in order to reflect changed conditions of the city center, the sector of public open space was subdivided according to the guidelines of development by district. We conducted a comparative analysis of conditions before and after the adjustment, so as to examine whether or not the reorganized institution is effective for the plan of public open spaces. The analysis showed that there was no remarkable change between the basic plan and the reorganized institution in that items which were not any different from the existing building codes were established due to lack of guidelines related to public open space under the law of urban and residential environmental improvement. Low regulations should set up criteria for establishment from a concrete, effective microscopic aspect appropriate to the significance of public open space by the linking of public open space and the surrounding environment, whereas high regulations such as building codes should specify essential components.