• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.502-514
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• 2006

This Study was carried out to find out regional differences about dietary life and factors associated with meal of school children and adolescents between urban and rural area. Forty students from each of the nationwide 51 schools of three different levels(elementary, middle and high school) were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires. Total of 1,886 questionnaires (1,243 from urban and 681 from rural) were collected and distribution of subjects was 544 from elementary school, 661 from middle school, and 681 from high school. The results were summarized as follows. BMI and degree of satisfaction on body weight of elementary and middle school subjects were not significantly different between urban and rural area. But there were significant regional differences in $BMI(urban\;21.2{\pm}3.0,\;rural\;20.5{\pm}2.8,\;p<0.05)$ and degree of satisfaction on body weight of high school subjects(p<0.001). Elementary(p<0.01) and middle school(p<0.05) subjects in urban area had exercised more frequently than those in rural area. Regularity of having breakfast was not significantly different between urban and rural area at each of three different levels of school. Most subjects(urban 92.2%, rural 92.1%) had lunch regularly by virtue of school lunch service. Regularity of having dinner of elementary(p<0.01) and high school subjects (p<0.01) was significantly different between urban and rural area. Reason for skipping dinner of high school subjects was significantly different between urban and rural area (p<0.05). The most delicious meal was dinner for 51.8% of the urban high school subjects and lunch for 51.7% of the rural subjects. Only one third had intention of participating in school breakfast program regardless of region and levels of school. The findings suggested that nutrition education programs for school children and adolescents include different strategy according to region and levels of schools.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권6A호
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• pp.609-616
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• 2011

Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN)은 엔드-투-엔드 연결이 없더라도 중간 노드들의 이동성과 저장공간을 활용하여 궁극적으로 데이터를 전달시켜 주는 네트워크 패러다임으로써 장시간 전송을 요하는 고용량 데이터전송 또는 높은 이동성의 무선통신, 행성간 통신 같은 불완전한 망 연결에 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 노드의 지역적 주기성을 이용하는 새로운 DTN 라우팅 기법을 제안한다. 각각의 노드가 주기적으로 방문하는 고유의 영역을 가지는 성질을 지역적 주기성이라 정의하고 실제 상하이 4000대의 택시 데이터를 분석하여 이를 실험적으로 입증한다. 또한 각 차량 고유의 지역적 주기성을 대표하는 값으로써 Weighted Center (WC)의 개념을 소개한다. 도시 환경에서 곳곳에 고르게 분포되어 있는 Access Point (AP) 들을 통해 차량들이 자신이 속한 그리드의 정보를 얻고 이를 통해 자신의 WC를 계산할 때, 자신과 주변 차량들의 WC정보만을 이용해 메시지의 경로를 결정 하는 분산화된 Diff WC라우팅 기법을 제안한다. 신뢰도 높은 데이터를 제공하는 1486대의 상하이 택시 환경에서의 시뮬레이션을 통해 ECT, LET 등의 기존 DTN 라우팅 방식과 비교하여 10%~110%의 전달률 개선이 가능함을 검증한다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of low-income elders in urban areas and factors affecting their nutritional risk. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The subjects were 300 elders selected from home visiting clients of DongJack Public Health Center. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions on socio-demographic characteristics. health behavior and disease. dietary pattern. Nutritional Screening Initiative. Geriatric Depression Scale and Barthel Index for ADL. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. $X^2-test$ and multiple regression analysis using SPSS. Results: Of the subjects, 63% had high nutritional risk, 21.3% moderate nutritional risk, and 15.7% good nutritional risk. NSI score was significantly different according to economic status, subjective health condition, medication, dental health, depression. regularity of diet and meal with family. Multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, subjective health condition, dental health and regularity of diet and meal with family explain 38.1% of nutritional risk. Conclusion: It is necessary to evaluate nutrition status and to control nutritional risk factors such as depression, dental health, regularity of diet and meal with family for improving the health of the low-income elderly.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2022

Urban space expansion is an important symbol of the urbanization process and has always been an important topic in urban studies. In addition, for sustainable city management, it is important to identify factors that can influence, such as the driving force and direction of urban space expansion, from the stage of establishing an urban development plan. To understand these factors, by observing the expansion process of a specific city, it is possible to sufficiently observe how the urban spatial dimension changes. Through a series of processes, the spatial growth characteristics of the city are analyzed, and the influence and results of important factors are analyzed. For this purpose, this paper examines the changes in the city's outer boundary and land use structure through monitoring data on urban areas of 14 cities in Hunan Province, China from 2000 to 2016. Temporal and spatial regularity according to the urban space expansion of these cities were analyzed, and a preliminary assessment was made on whether the urban space expansion is coordinated with the urban population growth. The assessment result showed: (1) The urban space of most cities has been extended rapidly in 2000-2015 however, the rate and the intensity of urban space expanding has been declining. (2) The construction of the industrial park is the core driving force of the urban space expanding, and the change of the urban space structure is manifested as enclave city expansion because that the industrial park is usually far away from the city center. (3) The population agglomeration is another driving force of the urban space expanding. At this time, the urban space expanding is like boundary extension. (4) Except Changsha city, all of the cities has a high urbanization-area-growth elastic coefficient. It means that most of the cities should enhance the land use degree.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.427-439
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to determine whether Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children, which has been developed from data on urban children, can be applied to children in rural areas. A total of 200 children (108 boys and 92 girls) in fifth and sixth grade at three elementary schools in rural areas of Gyeongbuk participated in the survey conducted during June 2012. Questionnaires consisted of items on food intake frequency and dietary behavior. Food intake data were obtained using the 24-hour recall method, and nutrient intake was calculated using the CAN-Pro 4.0 Program. Percentages of children who took less than the estimated average requirement were 76.5%, 49.5%, 45.5%, 33.5%, and 26.0% for calcium, vitamin C, iron, vitamin A, and folate, respectively. Significant associations were observed between intake frequencies of vegetables, kimchi, and fruits, and intake of vitamin C, folate, and dietary fiber. White milk and legumes showed positive correlation with intake of calcium and vitamin A. Eating breakfast, meal regularity, and diverse side dishes showed positive correlation with intake of folate and calcium. The 19 food checklist items could be categorized according to five factors. The mean NQ score of the subjects was 62.0, which was similar to that of urban children, 64.4. NQ score and factor scores for balance, regularity, and practice were significantly lower in children with lower socioeconomic level as compared to those with higher socioeconomic level. Higher NQ score showed an association with increased intake of vitamin B2, folate, vitamin C, and calcium. In conclusion, NQ offers a valuable instrument for evaluation of food habit and dietary quality of rural children as well as urban children, and children with low socioeconomic status should be monitored by testing with NQ checklist before implementation of nutrition programs.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

This research was designed to examine the dietary habits and unbalanced diet of middle school students by gender and region. The survey was conducted using questionnaires on dietary habits and unbalanced diet administered to 726 students (urban: 367, rural: 359). The obesity index using BMI showed that the largest proportion of girls was 'underweight' in both regions, which showed a significant difference by region (p<0.001). Male students in urban areas prefer salty taste more than rural students (p<0.05). In urban areas, problems relating to dietary habits were 'unbalanced diet' and 'overeating' in male students and 'frequent snacks' and 'irregular mealtime' for female students (p<0.01). The frequencies of skipping breakfast (p<0.01), snack intake (p<0.001), eating out (p<0.001) and fast food consumption (p<0.001) were significantly higher in urban students than in rural students, and the reason for eating snacks was 'hungry' in urban students and 'habitually' and 'delicious' in rural students (p<0.01). Unbalanced diet was significantly higher in rural students compared with urban students (p<0.001) and male students compared with female students in urban (p<0.05), and the factors affecting dietary habits were mostly related to family. Male students in urban areas showed a significantly lower intake frequency of 'fish, tofu and beans' (p<0.05) and 'milk and yogurt' (p<0.05), but higher intake frequency of 'vegetables' (p<0.001) compared with female students. Male students in rural areas showed a significantly lower intake frequency of 'meat' (p<0.05) but higher intake frequency of 'milk and yogurt' (p<0.05) compared with female students. Urban students showed a significantly higher intake frequency of food groups compared with rural students. To conclude, desirable nutrition education on meal regularity, snack choice, and problems relating to unbalanced diet should be conducted in schools.

• 농촌계획
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

Due to the standardized urban development since the industrial era, many urban spaces have experienced non-placeness. Recently, although interest in urban landscape, history, and cultural elements has been increasing, landscape management and control measures are being implemented mainly in large cities due to the low status of rural areas in the country. From this point of view, this study tried to lay the foundation for basic research in related fields by classifying the characteristics and types of streetscapes located near large cities, and to suggest directions that should be considered when managing streetscapes in the future. As a result of the analysis of landscape adjectives, the village felt secluded due to the low density compared to the city street overall, but it did not have a unique image of the region. Three factors were derived through factor analysis, and preference was affected in the order of aesthetic, regularity, and uniqueness. In addition, the research site was classified into three types through cluster analysis, and it was confirmed that the differences by type were due to aesthetics and naturalness. On the other hand, the uniqueness is generally low in all regions, so it seems that fundamental countermeasures are needed.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.96-110
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• 2018

최근 정보통신기술의 발달로 다양한 통행 정보 수집이 용이해지면서, 신규 교통정보 생성에 대한 연구가 주목받고 있다. 그 중 수요 및 교통량에 대한 추정 및 예측은 교통 운영에 필수적인 주요 지표 중 하나로, 특정 지점 혹은 구간의 통행 패턴이 반복됨을 전제로 한다. 기존에는 이러한 통행 규칙성을 증명하기 위해 설문 방식을 사용하였으나, 해당 방식은 높은 비용과 응답자 기억에 의존하는 응답으로 높은 정확도를 확보하기에는 한계가 있었다. 최근 ETC시스템, 스마트카드 등의 방법으로 통행데이터 수집이 용이해지면서, 다양한 시각에서 통행 규칙성을 규명하고자 하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대구광역시의 대규모 경로형 데이터를 분석하여 개별통행자가 여러 날에 걸쳐 공간적으로 유사한 통행사슬을 형성하는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 위하여 공간적 통행 유사성을 새롭게 정의하며, 서열정렬 알고리즘인 Dynamic Time Warping을 이용하여 일별 통행사슬 간 공간적 차이를 산정한다. 또한 산출된 공간적 통행 규칙성을 통해 고정적 교통수요 추정의 지표 및 교통서비스로의 활용방안을 논 하고자 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2007

Characteristics of color application indicated from Kirchsteigfeld is presented the various points of view to be preserved urban housing color. It had been handled as environmental color by view point of community and connectivity rather than color scheme of single housing. First, color to be consisted of basis for urban entirely as background color in urban housing complex has been indicated the bright and cheerful feelings and expressed to be introduced mostly from the single color system. Second, characteristics to be inhibited strongly from housing complex had been indicated by restricted four types of color, formulated the overall context and change through accent and the change from disposition of principal and the accessary of color scheme. In this case, it was not regular formulation, but as a whole category view, it could be provided by orderly regularity system strictly Particularly it had been applied as a whole for lightness change by single color, introduced the different color of building to be centered or remained by a visual point. This had been formed to introduction of color by stand points of housing group not introduction to color by sole concept of building. Third, emphasizing of morphologic feeling by using of difference of lightness, it could be indicated the mild and comfortable stereo-type sensibility from the overall types of housing, we could understand for formation of color code by lightness of slightly differences. Fourth, it had been taken the convenient adaptation method for maintenance of simple graphic system as a environmental color. It has considerable advantage for sustainability of color to indicate on finishing material, form and detail in architecture, as the sole separated color not to be complicated when to be painted over and again or managed continuously.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2020

논문은 스스로 자신을 부양하는 60-75세 도시 노인들의 공동체 공공 공간에서의 행동특성을 연구하여 노령화 사회의 공공 공간 다지인원리를 제안한다. 경험디자인 방법론을 활용하여 자연 관찰 방법, 설문, 인터뷰 및 그림자 추적을 통해 노인들의 일상 활동에서 시공간의 특성을 분석한다. 공동체의 공공 장소에서 노인들의 행동은 본질적으로 더 많은 관심과 교제를 얻는 사회적 활동이다. 이것은 노인의 공간 사회 활동 수요, 활동 발생 시간, 활동 빈도 및 지속시간 등에 대해 결정한다. 지역 공동체의 공공 장소에서 노인의 행동은 장기적이고 규칙적인 특성을 가지고 있으며, 그 행동은 공간에 따라 약간 변화하지만, 더 큰 영향을 미치는 객관적인 요소는 성별, 연령 및 기후이며, 주관적인 요소는 생활 방식, 가족 구성 및 소득 수준이다.