• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2001

If environmental aesthetics contains the whole area of grand beauty of nature and the meaning of the urban landscape, the urban landscape is defined 'fine view of urban, or beautiful sight' therefore, we must look for the wary to introduce and solve the aesthetic problem with a new paradym of the urban landscape. Such environmental aesthetics as to seek a new planning for the urban landscape can provide a new meaning for urban environment design by extracting design elements of street furniture resulted form aesthetic evaluation in context of formation aesthetics to review the aesthetic value and substance, and explain aesthetic experience, and explain aesthetic experience of urban the landscape.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-65
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• 1986

This study deals with the conditions of nutritional intake of the urban elderly (age sixty years and older). This study analysis is based on factors that are influenced on the prevalent conditions of dietary-intake of the urban elderly either it be for better ment of health or desire. The method of this research was based on the interview-survey with questinaire in the Seoul area. In comparison to the surveys taken of the rural society and the urban slum elderly the urban elderly standard nutritional requirements was higher. Of the standard nutritional requrieemtns the twomen's nutrition intake was higher than of the men. But still the problem of malnutrition existed in the urban elderly both men and women at the probability nutritional deficienty rate higher than 30%. The food intake frequency factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant more than condition of eating. Another important factors of the conditions of nutritioal intake of the urban elderly are one's self-consciousness of health and degree of one's will change . In healthy case of the aged, their will was almost maintained and hand -grip strength was high when they had regular meal with their family . For elderl with the lower academic career and the one with more satisfactory to his meal, their wills didn't change before or after retirement. The objectiveness of this survey is to convince the elderly that the problems of nutritional deficiency can only be solved by reeducation and to improve their nutritional diet to have the enjoyments of a healtheir elderly life.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

Purpose: Residential differentiation is often considered to be one of the social problems that intensify urban inequality. The purpose of the study was to analyze the changes in the Gwangju urban landscape due to foreign inflows after reviewing the different frameworks about the causes of residential segregation and verifying compliance through case analysis. Method: This study analyzed the increase of Gwangju Foreign Population based on the data of the Statistics Korea and derived the concentrated areas of foreign population using GIS program. Then through the field research around the target areas, the changes of urban landscape by the foreign residents was analyzed. The foreign population in Korea recently surpassed 1.5 million is expected to increase further, and has already raised numerous social issues especially in urban area. Result: Therefore, basic and systematic analyses on foreign population and its impacts on urban residential landscape are necessary to resolve the issues. Since Gwangju is also in a similar situation, this research is first, to address the current situation and identify the problem, and then to suggest the directions for resolving them. It is also expected to be helpful provide a basic reference for related further researches.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2017

The retail store, which appears in various ways of the modern city, is the architectural result that the merchandise is finally delivered to consumers. The relationship between the commerce based on manufacturing and distribution and the retail store as urban architecture can be understood not only from the viewpoint of economics and business administration but also the problem of the formation of urban history and urban organization. The modern industrial development in Korea had been progressed by the state led, as the manufacturing and distribution developed in turn. This social and economic situation influenced the formation of the retail store of the city. This is different from the West, which the development has been conducted together. The cosmetics sales space, which is the subject of this study, has changed in various forms from the 1960s to the 1990s. Cosmetics brand retail shop is a corporate brand-based space, but paradoxically, it has a historical characteristic of urban architecture in that it is branding city street. This specificity of Seoul is unexplained by the development process of the Western and does not exist as a physically huge or special construction sometimes. However, it operates as a urban architecture in Seoul where the complicated.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.201-208
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• 2022

As around the world, ground and underground transportation capacity is reaching its limit, centering on urban areas. As urban traffic becomes congested, time and cost are astronomical, and environmental destruction caused by urban pollution is becoming increasingly serious. As a way to solve this problem, the means of flying over the air are in the spotlight as the next generation of future transportation, and the concept of urban air mobility (UAM, Urban Air Mobility) is defined as systematic planning. The development of an electric-powered vertical take-off (eVTOL) aircraft that obtains electric power through a battery using a personal aerial vehicle (PAV) as a means of transportation has accelerated. As the aircraft development of new technology aircraft in the evtol method is actively carried out, the need to prepare systems such as aircraft certification standards, pilot qualification systems, and qualification management is emerging. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which lead international standards, announced new special technical conditions and temporary regulations SCVTOL-01, respectively. However, the pilot qualification system for operating the uam aircraft has not yet been clearly announced. Therefore, this paper analyzes the recently announced FAA regulations and EASA regulations to identify differences and directions in perspectives on UAMs and study the existing vertical take-off and landing aircraft (VTOL) pilot qualification system to present directions for qualification classification.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.591-596
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• 2011

There are quite a number of business processes in the urban regeneration project. Managers and participants who involved in the project make and use information for the best way to perform in the particular business process. The information can be also reused and produced for data at the next stage. Accordingly, the information sometimes goes out of existence and work data up into new information when the urban regeneration project has been accomplished. But in that case some of changes happen occasionally, the business for urban regeneration has suffered a loss of profit and time as result of confusions about decisions and inappropriate action. For that reason, the information should be analyzed to achieve its aim at the business process under the influence of changes. Then, even though detail processes and management method change, the Core Information, which are important factors for accomplishing the project, help that the project can be operated to solve the problem about confusion and loss of the business. In conclusion, the Core Information is main effective factors for successful urban regeneration projects on the change management. The purpose of this study is to research the information according to the Information-flow and changes, and to find out the influence factors and the Core Information to manage efficiently at the process of urban regeneration projects.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.599-614
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• 2016

Urban centers have been recognized as problem regions so far. However, urban centers of metropolises take a new aspect in recent years as much as the negative influence of gentrification becomes a social issue. This paper analyzes the declining trend of urban centers in six metropolises - Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju and Daejun from 1995 to 2010. As results of analysis, it is identified that the urban centers' shrinkage got moderated recently in the metropolises, even though their resurgence is not evident. Especially it is difficult to say longer that Jongro-Gu and Jung-Gu of Seoul are declining urban centers. Easing shrinkage is most outstanding in Jung-Gu, Daegu among local metropolises. Nevertheless, a serious obstacle such as high price of housing is in the process of obvious resurgence of urban center differently from the United States, Europe and Japan.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.3-13
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• 2012

Urban area has caused decline of commercial function and infrastructure because of unorganized urban development, and urban regeneration projects have appeared since 2000s in order to solve urban problems. Because urban regeneration projects have a complexation of various use, the complicated business process and unsystematic conduction work, project stakeholders are suffering from problem in conducting project. Therefore, this study suggested the necessity of business system for urban regeneration projects with analyzing situations and stakeholders. Also, this study classified business information through development of BPS in order to make information system of business process in the urban regeneration project and evaluated it after realization for information system based on BPS of urban regeneration projects. Project stakeholders will be systematically provided information about urban regeneration projects through this system and it is expected to accomplish urban regeneration projects effectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2010

As air pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing urban environmental concerns, many studies have investigated the influence of air pollutants(ex: $O^3$, $NO^2$, $SO^2$, Acid rain, etc.) on roadside trees and urban grove. In Korea, population density started to increase since the industrialization. Since dense population aggravates our living conditions, it's very important for us to preserve and keep a lively and refreshing nature in order to live with green nature in harmony under the current artificial environment-dominating world. In metropolitan cities, the production of pollutants increases in proportion to population growth. The vehicle exhaust gas and air pollutants from cooling and heating systems have been the major causes of acid rain. Furthermore, tire particles which are naturally produced by tire wearing on roads and other toxic substances in exhaust gas have caused a problem in human health directly and indirectly. In fact, a lot of studies have analyzed air pollution, roadside trees and plants in Korea. However, they are mostly limited to covering the influence of air pollution on the growth of plants. No paper has clearly explained why air pollution-resistant or-vulnerable species has shown different reactions yet. Even though a lot of urban roadside trees have died or stopped to grow from time to time, this kind of problem has not been properly examined. This paper is aimed to comparatively analyze physio-ecological characteristic such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, soil volume water figure out their relationship with environmental factors against the expanding roadside trees in Cheong-ju, and provide basic data for management of roadside trees and elaboration of urban environment preservation policies.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.413-417
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• 2004

The important goal of urban renewal is not to reform only Physical environment but to improve people' life quality. people who have been lived in urban renewal area are grouped to owner and tenant. owner of land or house has substituent right but tenant has only house-moving money or rental house by urban renewal. But rental house condition is not good to tenant because tenant has large family, low-income and low grade and it is essential to provide rental house for low-income class and it is worth to analyze tenant house problem The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of public rental house and to presents solutions. The study was done in following process. First, the literatures on this subject were investigated to seek the problems of public rental house. Second, Survey were done on the staff, who works in the cooperative housing redevelopment and whose jobs are officer, consultant, real estate introducer and designer, to seek problems and solution of public rntal house. survey which is made by three group. one group is made by people who already lived in tenant APT, second group is made by people who are waiting for moving in tenant APT. Third group is made by specialist who has many experience-more than 3years- to urban renewal. Third, the Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the relation between the Area and dwelling satisfaction. Fourth, tenant policy' altenative is presented to solve tenant APT' problem which is analyzed by this study The results are as follows : First, tenant APT' size Which is regulated to 30-$45m^{2}$ is enlarged to more than $45m^{2}$ because tenant family is made up averagely of 4.8 persons. Second, tenant APT' rental cost is reduced to 100 thousand won. Third tenant APT' arrangement is divided from owner because tenant and owner want to live in group by group. Fourth, tenant house type is changed to various house type because tenant is not familiar with APT