• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.91-102
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• 2021

This study is a case study of system improvement measures for urban regeneration of the historical and cultural environment. The example areas are Hwangnam and Inwang Hanok districts in Gyeongju City, which operate various systems to solve the urban decline problem caused by the historical and cultural environment regulations. The subjects of this study are resident support programs and district unit planning systems under the advanced promotion system established in the case area. As research methods, literature studies, field surveys, and in-depth interviews were conducted. Through this, the background and purpose of introduction of each system, major plan contents, and problems of the system application process were analyzed. This study drew the following implications through case studies. First, in order to more effectively promote the urban regeneration of the historical and cultural environment, it is necessary to improve the related systems in an integrated and systematic manner. Second, in order to resolve the policy distrust of local residents in the historical, cultural and environmental management system, a wider variety of planned alternatives to narrow the difference in interests between the public and private sectors should be presented.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2023

In urban environments, signals of Global Positioning System (GPS) can be blocked and reflected by tall buildings, large vehicles, and complex components of road network. Therefore, the performance of the positioning system using the GPS module in urban areas can be degraded due to the loss of GPS signals necessary for the position estimation. To deal with this issue, various localization schemes using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, such as gyroscope and accelerometer, and Bayesian filters, such as Kalman filter (KF) and particle filter (PF), have been designed to enhance the performance of the GPS-based positioning system. Among Bayesian filters, the PF has been widely used for the target tracking and vehicle navigation, since it can provide superior performance in estimating the state of a dynamic system under nonlinear/non-Gaussian circumstance. This paper presents a positioning system that uses the double-stacked particle filter (DSPF) as well as the accelerometer, gyroscope, and GPS receiver on the smartphone to provide higher pedestrian positioning accuracy in urban environments. The DSPF employs a nonparametric technique (Parzen-window) to create the multimodal target distribution that approximates the posterior distribution. Experimental results show that the DSPF-based positioning system can provide the significant improvement of the pedestrian position estimation in urban environments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2001

This paper discusses the problem of finding the Origin-Destination(O-D) shortest path in urban road networks that have variable special qualifies such as time windows for passing as well as geometrical special qualities such as U-turn and left-turn prohibition. The focus of this paper is motivated by the problem of finding minimum travel time paths for an advanced traveler information system (ATIS) in the context of intelligent transportation system(ITS) application. The transportation network with variable and geometrical special qualities is a more realistic representation of the urban road network in the real word. But, the traditional and existing shortest path algorithms can not search practical shortest path that variable special quality is reflected. This paper presents a shortest path algorithm which can search reasonable shortest path information for the urban ATIS application within a real time. The algorithm is based on genetic algorithm(GA). The high performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by computer simulations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.1 s.256
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• pp.26-35
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• 2007

The vehicle of urban transit is a complex system that consists of various electric, electronic, and mechanical equipments, and the maintenance cost of this complex and large-scale system generally occupies sixty percent of the LCC (Life Cycle Cost). For reasonable establishing of maintenance strategies, safety security and cost limitation must be considered at the same time. The concept of system reliability has been introduced and optimized as the key of reasonable maintenance strategies. For optimization, three preceding studies were accomplished; standardizing a maintenance classification, constructing RBD (Reliability Block Diagram) of VVVF (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) urban transit, and developing a web based reliability evaluation system. Historical maintenance data in terms of reliability index can be derived from the web based reliability evaluation system. In this paper, we propose applying inverse problem analysis method and hybrid neuro-genetic algorithm to system reliability optimization for using historical maintenance data in database of web based system. Feed-forward multi-layer neural networks trained by back propagation are used to find out the relationship between several component reliability (input) and system reliability (output) of structural system. The inverse problem can be formulated by using neural network. One of the neural network training algorithms, the back propagation algorithm, can attain stable and quick convergence during training process. Genetic algorithm is used to find the minimum square error.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.224-235
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• 2019

Rapid urbanization poses three major problems in urban streams. The first problem is the reduction of soil wetting from rainfall as the impervious area increases. Decrease in soil wetting causes serious distortion in the water cycle of urban streams. The second problem is the increase of non-point sources pollutants by urban land use, and the third problem is the combined sewer overflows in the old city center. Increased non-point sources pollutants and combined sewer overflows are associated with water cycle distortion, which increases water pollution in urban streams. In this study, EPA SWMM was constructed for the Busan Oncheon-stream watershed in order to suggest solutions for these three problems, and the bio-retention cells installation project was planned by benchmarking the actual projects in New York City. Water cycle improvement and reduction of non-point sources pollutants and combined sewer overflows for each project scenario were analyzed together with required budgets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.155-163
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• 2012

This study was carried out to monitor reproductive responses of great tits in 17 urban forests in Daegu metropolitan city. The reproductive perspectives of great tits were surveyed by using 106 artificial bird nests, of which five or seven nests were set up in every urban forest. A ratio of artificial nests used by great tits for their reproduction was 27.4%. It was showing that forests, where the reproductive response was higher, was located at the edge of the city, or was known as having a good vegetation structure in the urban area. The laying date of a great tit was a little earlier in forests in the middle of the city. It might be dependent on the density of artificial land uses including a residential area and an industrial complex, which are able to increase an urban micro-temperature. Otherwise, natural forests or forest patches nearby natural forests located at the edge of the city were showing that the laying date of great tits was relatively later than the oneee in the forest in the middle of the city. There was a big difference of reproduction perspectives of great tit between the 1st and 2nd reproduction. In the 1st reproduction, a clutch size was larger, while an egg volume was so low. Otherwise, the clutch size was shown so smaller in the 2nd reproduction than in the 1st reproduction, while the egg volume was larger in the 2nd reproduction. It might be due to the survival strategy of a great tit to prepare the winter season for a juvenile. Many variables, regarding to the problem of climate changes, have been linked to the environment of urban area and the bird habitats. Finally, Monitoring a bird reproduction is a valuable work for managing an urban forest as well as for conserving a natural forest.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

It has been long time since the local small-and-medium cities had lost their vitality due to the progress of aging, economic decline in urban areas, the lack of new growth engines, and the declining population in korea. In addition, since the implementation of the local self-governing system, the creation of new urban areas and the transfer of the administrative institutions to the outskirts of a city have accelerated the decline of old downtown. Rather, local small-and-medium cities would have a problem to make urban regeneration impossible. Under the recognition of such problems, individual self-governing entities have come up with numerous policies and implemented various policies for the revitalization of local small-and-medium cities, but it is a condition that the effect of their efforts falls shorts of expectations, such as the space of the similar style, which has been widespread in developed countries, simple restoration, and a few structural changes. In this regard, the part to be realized anew is to enhance the attractiveness of small-and-medium cities. However, is not possible to raise the overall attractiveness in a short time in reality. To select local assets to be utilized in urban regeneration, it is judged that gathering opinions of local residents is more important than any other thing. Accordingly, this study intends to present positive outcome for the purpose of the revitalization of local small-and-medium cities by finding the factors which can remind us of the collective memory of Jinju city and selection the critical factors to determine a detailed project plan from the perspective of urban regeneration.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.112-120
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• 2021

Recently, the number of consumers using digital online distribution platforms is increasing. This caused the rapid growth of the e-commerce market and increased delivery volume in urban areas. The logistics system, designed ar006Fund the city center to handle the delivery volume, operates a delivery system from the outskirts of the city to the urban area using cargo trucks. This maintains an ecosystem of high-cost and inefficient structures that increase social costs such as road traffic congestion and environmental problems. To solve this problem, research is being conducted worldwide to establish a high-efficiency urban joint logistics system using urban railway facilities and underground space infrastructure existing in existing cities. The joint logistics system begins with linking unmanned delivery automation services that link terminal delivery such as cargo classification and stacking, infrastructure construction that performs cargo transfer function by separating from passengers such as using cargo platform. To this end, it is necessary to apply the device to the vertical and horizontal transportation machine supporting the vertical transfer in the flat space of the joint logistics terminal, which is the base technology for transporting cargo using the transfer robot to the destination designated as a freight-only urban railway vehicle. Therefore, this paper aims to derive holistic viewpoints needs for design requirements for vertical and vertical transportation machines and freight transportation standard containers, which are underground railway logistics transport devices to be constructed by urban logistics ecosystem changes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.103-116
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• 2018

The Park Act (1967~1980) was the first law to define urban parks in Korea. The urban parks of that time were similar to a reservation area used for other purposes after giving regulation. Because 'the urban park as a reservation area' in the past is a repeated park issue in the present, it is necessary to consider the issues of the original law system that created the cause. From this perspective, this study analyzed the legislation to reserve an urban park by collecting bills and information about the factual relationship between 1960 70s park issues and the Park Act. Analysis showed that the reason for the adoption of different kinds of urban parks in the law of a nature park is that a negative list separated from the Urban Planning Act is required to curb private usage. Inherent in the Park Act, however, was the problem of allowing the encroachment of urban parks by governmental power. (1) The Park Act sets out a wide range of cases to abolish urban park. (2) Unclear setting of governmental power could abuse the urban park. (3) Insufficient standards were able to erode the urban park with large for-profit facilities. (4) The inactivity of the Urban Public Park Committee had reduced democratic decision-making and professional judgement on park issues. Therefore, the Park Act was characterized as infringing on the environment and right to urban parks and took a passive attitude in creating parks and in citizen usage thereof. The Park Act had limitations as a progenitor for establishing the characteristics and concepts of urban parks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.404-416
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• 2020

Flooding is an unavoidable natural disaster for the city. Flood disasters seriously undermine the city's economy, safety, and sustained development. In the course of development and construction of waterfront space in the same city, the construction of basic disaster prevention facilities cannot be avoided completely even if huge amounts of capital are invested to reduce the economic damage of flooding. The cost of rebuilding the city after the disaster is much higher than the cost of building disaster prevention facilities. In recent years, the theory of elasticity in urban reconstruction and so on has been a subject of city problem solving, creating widespread discussion and attention in academia. In other words, how to transform the concept of elasticity into practice based on theoretical and empirical factors is a real problem facing urban disaster. Through theoretical literature on the waterfront (space) buffer zone of a city (flood-weak area) and the case study of the city's practice, this paper tries to clarify the element of 5R, the theory of elastomeric fire prevention, and present detailed measures accordingly. In addition, the following two problems are addressed while emphasizing the feasibility of implementing the urban waterfront (space) plan of the elastomeric element around the urban water buffer zone. First, the means of disaster prevention planning are used to mitigate conflicts between individual utility of urban waterfront and disaster prevention functions in waterfront buffer zones, and second, the waterfront buffer zone can respond to flood-causing problems in terms of disaster prevention as much as possible through the elastic disaster prevention plan.