• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

Purpose: To explore the effects of action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy on upper-extremity function and the activities of daily living in subacute stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-four subacute stroke patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group (n = 12 each). Both groups received therapy based on motor learning concepts, including repetitive and task-specific practice. The experimental group watched video clips for 10 minutes related to tasks performed during modified constraint-induced movement therapy while the control group watched videos unrelated to upper-extremity movement. These programs were performed for 40 minutes a day five times a week for four weeks. Their scores on the Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremities (FMA-UE), the action research arm test (ARAT), a motor activity log (amount of use [AOU] and quality of movement [QOM]), and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were recorded. Results: In both groups, all variables were significantly different between the pre-test and post-test periods (p < 0.05). The post-test variables were significantly different within each group (p < 0.05). In the experimental group, the changes between pre-test and post-test scores in the FMA-UE (14.39 ± 4.31 versus 6.31 ± 4.63), the ARAT (16.00 ± 4.73 versus 11.46 ± 3.73), MAL-AOU (1.57 ± 0.15 versus 1.18 ± 0.28), and MBI (27.54 ± 4.65 versus 18.08 ± 8.52) were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy may be a beneficial rehabilitation option to improve upper-extremity function in subacute stroke patients with moderate impairment.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.451-460
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a modified constraint induced movement therapy (mCIMT) using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the upper extremity function and activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with subacute stroke. Methods: Fourteen participants with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to a group using both mCIMT and PNF or a group using mCIMT alone. Each group underwent twenty sessions (1 h/d, 5 d/wk) for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed with the action research arm test (ARAT), the Fugl-Meyer assessment for the upper extremities (FMA-UE), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and motor activity logs (MALs; amount of use [AOU] and quality of movement [QOM]). Results: Both the experimental group and the control group showed significant intragroup improvement in the ARAT, FMA-UE, MBI, and MAL-AOU (p<0.05). The group using both mCIMT and PNF exhibited greater improvement in the ARAT, FMA-UE, MBI, and MAL-AOU than did the group using mCIMT alone. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the ARAT (p=0.01), FMA-UE (p=0.01), MBI (p=0.00), and MAL-AOU (p=0.01) between the groups. Conclusion: This study applied mCIMT combined with PNF for subacute stroke patients, and the results showed significant improvements in the patients' upper extremity function and ADLs. Therefore, mCIMT using PNF may be more effective than mCIMT alone in improving upper limb function and ADLs in patients with subacute stroke.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mirror therapy with functional electrical stimulation to improve upper extremity motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients. Method : Thirty patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups 15 patients in each. All subjects received the general occupational therapy consisting of five 30 min sessions per week for 8 weeks, in addition to 30 min of mirror therapy with functional electrical stimulation for the experimental group and 30 min of functional electrical stimulation for the control group for each session. To measure the functions of the upper limb and performance capacities in ADL, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and Manual Function Test (MFT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used before and after the interventions. Results : Both the experimental and control groups showed a statistically significant increase in post-treatment FMA, MFT and MBI scores compared to their pre-treatment scores (p<.05). In addition, intergroup comparisons revealed a statistically significant increase in the scores of all assessments for the experimental group compared to those for the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : Based on these results, it is reasonable to conclude that mirror therapy with functional electrical stimulation is an effective intervention for improving upper limb motor function and ADL performance in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the effect of EMG-stim related to the functional recovery of the upper extremity in chronic stroke patients with an intensive massed practice protocol. Methods: The subjects were assigned randomly to either the EMG-stim group (n=10) or sham treatment group (n=10). Both groups received conventional physical therapy, occupational therapy and FES, five times per week over a four week period. In the EMG-stim group, EMG-stim was applied to the hemiplegic wrist and finger extensors for 2 sessions for 30 minutes per day, 5 times per week over a 4 week period. As the pre- and the post-test, the following four motor tests were assessed as the function of the upper extremity clinical functional test: extensor digitorum strength test, Box and Block test, Fugl-Mayer Assessment, and Jebson-Taylor Hand Function Test. Results: In the Box and Block test and Fugl-Mayer Assessment, there were statistically significant differences between both groups as well as between pre- and post-test. The extensor digitorum and wrist extensor strength were similar in both groups. In the Jebson-Taylor Hand Function Test, there was a significant difference in simulated page turning but not in the other subtests. Conclusion: Intensive massed practice with EMG-stim intervention applied to the hemiplegic upper extremity is an effective therapeutic method for chronic stroke patients. However, a variety of intervention methods designed for stroke patients in clinical settings are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a task-oriented upper arm exercise performed in a sitting position on either an unstable support surface or a stable support surface for children with cerebral palsy. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 18 children with cerebral palsy. Eight subjects were randomly assigned to each of the stable and unstable support surface groups. We performed the upper arm exercise three times a week for 6 weeks. To confirm the effects of the intervention, the berg balance scale test, modified functional reaching test (MFRT), timed up and go test (TUG), and Jebsen-Taylor hand function test were conducted before and after the study. Results: Significant differences were observed in MFRT and TUG between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). In the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, there were significant differences between the groups for the items picking up small objects, stacking checkers, lifting large light objects, and lifting large heavy objects (p<0.05), but not for writing and stimulation of feeding. Significant differences were observed between the groups in items of card turning, lifting large light objects, and lifting heavy objects. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a task-oriented upper extremity exercise program for dynamic balance and hand function performed in a sitting position with either stable or unstable support by cerebral palsy patients. There were improvements in the two groups, but performing the exercise while sitting on an unstable support surface had a greater effect on dynamic balance and hand function than exercise while sitting on a stable supporting surface. The results of this study can be used to improve the daily lives of cerebral palsy patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.411-419
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• 2017

This study was to investigate whether a trunk correction taping plus scapular setting exercises has an effect on trunk muscle activation and trunk balance and upper extremity function in patients with stroke. Twenty stroke patients were randomly divided into a trunk correction taping with scapular setting exercise group (n=10) and a scapular setting exercise group (n=10), and each group performed given interventions for 30 minutes for 4 weeks. In the experimental group, there were significant increases in muscle activation, K-TIS, and MFT (p<.05), and a significant improvement was detected in K-TIS and MFT compared to the control group (p<.05). This study suggests that a trunk correction taping with scapular setting exercises was more effective on trunk muscle activation, trunk balance, and upper extremity function in stroke patients compared to a scapular setting exercise. It could be clinically more significant if the change in the onset time of muscle activity is confirmed in the further researches.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.140-151
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• 2014

Objectives: Cold hypersensitivity has been regarded to be associated with digestive function. This study is aims to evaluate the correlation between digestive function and coldness of hands. Methods: We made a research of 80 women who is in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University. The patients were subjected to thermometer, and those with thermal difference between upper arm and palm were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. The patients were divided into two group by cold hypersensitivity group (n=20), and non-cold hypersensitivity group (n=19), and 39 women are mesured by Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K) to evaluate the severity of functional dyspepsia. Results: There was no difference between two groups on age, height, weight. In functional dyspepsia symptom score, 6 symptoms (Pain in upper abdomen, Burning in upper abdomen, Cramps in upper abdomen, Pressure in upper abdomen, Vomiting, Bad breath) out of 15 were significantly increased in cold hypersensitivity group compared with non-cold hypersensitivity group. And in quality of life score, 3 domains (Tension/sleep, Interference with daily activities, Knowledge/control) out of 5, and total quality of life score were significantly decreased in cold hypersensitivity group compared with non-cold hypersensitivity group. Conclusions: This study shows the correlation between cold hypersensitivity and digestive function.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.417-425
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the correlation between upper extremity function, activities of daily living, quality of life and therapeutic flow in stroke clients and identify the factors influencing therapeutic flow. Total 249 stroke patients from 13 hospitals were measure at therapist and researcher for upper extremity function, activities of daily living, therapeutic flow and quality of life. Factors that affect the quality of life correlation as s result of positively correlated with upper extremity function(r=.312, p<.001), activities of daily living(r=.605, p<.001), therapeutic flow(r=.525, p<.001). And the effect on quality of life in stroke clients variables affecting therapeutic flow(${\beta}=.344$, p<.001), activities of daily living(${\beta}=.293$, p<.05) and Time since of onset(${\beta}=.145$, p<.05) were the order of analysis. The regression model explained 35.9% of variances(F=35.736, p<.001). Therefore, it was found that therapeutic flow in stroke clients is an important factor for quality of life, future therapeutic flow study will continue to be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) and resistive exercise using elastic band with pressure belt on improving upper extremity function in stroke patients. Methods: Sixteen patients with stroke were randomly assigned to a control group that received mCIMT and resistive exercise using elastic band (n=8) and an experimental group that received mCIMT and resistive exercise using elastic band with pressure belt (n=8). Over the course of four weeks, mCIMT were conducted 60 minute three times per week and resistive exercise using elastic band (with pressure belt) were conducted twice daily, three times per week. The function of the upper extremities were evaluated before, after 2 weeks and 4 weeks using the grip strength test (GST), the box and block test (BBT), and motor activity log (MAL). Results: The values for the GST, the BBT, and MAL increased in both groups as the treatment period progressed. The values for the GST (p<.01), the BBT (p<.001), and MAL (p<.001) were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 4 weeks after initiating the treatment. Conclusion: We found that mCIMT and wearing a pressure belt during resistive exercise was very useful in improving the function of the upper extremities in patients with stroke.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.98-109
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in physical and cognitive function according to the level of independence in performing activities of daily living in stroke patients. Design: Retrospective study. Method: This study is a retrospective study analyzing medical records. This study utilized data collected from 123 stroke patients at admission in a local rehabilitation hospital between 2019 and 2022. Stroke patients were classified into 5 groups based on the scores of the Korean Modified Barthel index (K-MBI) evaluated at the time of hospitalization at a rehabilitation hospital, and investigated the change in physical (spasticity (modified Ashworth scale), muscle strength (manual muscle test), gait ability (functional ambulation category), upper extremity function (manual function test), and balance function (berg balance scale)) and cognitive function (Korean mini mental status examination) according to the level of independence in performing activities of daily living. Result:: As a results, significant differences were observed in the physical (muscle strength, gait ability, upper extremity and balance functions) and cognitive functions of stroke patients according to the level of independence in performing activities of daily living (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in upper and lower extremities spasticity. Conclusions: Through the results of this study, we found that the physical (muscle strength, gait ability, upper extremity and balance functions) and cognitive function were influenced by the level of independence in performing activities of daily living in stroke patients.